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1、Phrases and Clauses,THE BUILDING BLOCKSOF SENTENCES,PHRASE a group of words that does not have both a subject and a verb,CLAUSE a group of words with both a subject&verb,Whats the difference between a phrase&a clause?,INDEPENDENT CLAUSE a complete thought that can stand alone,DEPENDENT CLAUSE group
2、of words with both a subject and verb;cannot stand alone or it is a fragment,Independent clauses=a foundation and the frame of the house.,dependent clauses=like the windows or doors(they enhance what is already there,but cant function alone),Sentence Building,Independent&DependentStart constructing
3、with_.Improve sentence structure by adding _.,Clause Identification,Cross of prep phrases.Double underline ACTION OR BEING verbs.Single underline the subjects.Each separate section with a subject and verb is PROBABLY a different clause!5.IDENTIFY INDEPENDENT OR DEPENDENT,DEPENDENT CLAUSES,ADJECTIVE
4、STARTERS1)THAT2)WHO3)WHOM 4)WHOSE 5)WHICH,EXAMPLES,The dog who lives by me is nice.The show that I watch is good.Jerry Spinelli is the author who wrote Maniac McGee.,DEPENDENT CLAUSES,ADVERB STARTERSafterin order that untilalthoughsince whenasso that wheneverbecausethan wherebeforethough whereverif
5、unless while,Examples,1.After I danced,2.Because he was hungry,3.Until I get an A+,4.When I get my new pony,5.Since I love SpongeBob,SENTENCE TYPES,SIMPLECOMPOUNDCOMPLEXCOMPOUND-COMPLEX,SIMPLE SENTENCEone independent clause I like SpongeBob.,COMPOUND 2 or more independent clauses I like SpongeBob,an
6、d I like Plankton.,COMPOUND 2 or more independent clauses I like SpongeBob;I like Plankton.,How do we punctuate compound sentences?,Semicolon2)Comma and a conjunction(FANBOYS)SpongeBob makes Krabby patties.(join these)They are quite delicious!,Two ways to punctuate compound sentences!,SpongeBob make
7、s Krabby patties;they are delicious.SpongeBob makes Krabby patties,and they are delicious.,COMPLEX dependent+independent Because he makes me laugh,I like SpongeBob.,DEPENDENT CLAUSE starters,ADVERB STARTERSafterin order that untilalthoughsince whenasso that wheneverbecausethan wherebeforethough wher
8、everif unless while,DEPENDENT CLAUSE starters,ADJECTIVE STARTERS1)THAT2)WHO3)WHOM 4)WHOSE 5)WHICH,Whats the difference?,AdjectiveAdjective phraseAdjective clause,Dependent clause punctuation,Add a comma when a dependent clause starts a sentence!Because he makes me laugh,I like SpongeBob.,Dependent c
9、lause punctuation,Add a comma when a dependent clause starts a sentence When I want entertainment,I watch SpongeBob.,Dependent clause punctuation,Add a comma when a dependent clause starts a sentence If I get a choice of shows,I watch SpongeBob.,Dependent clause punctuation,Do not use a comma when t
10、he dependent clause does not begin the sentence!I like SpongeBob because he makes me laugh.,Now,write complex sentences!,Start a sentence with the dependent clause.Then,rewrite the sentence to end with the dependent clause.Use the dependent clause starter:when Remember,your clause must have a subjec
11、t and a verb!,Heres my example!,When Gary runs away from home,SpongeBob is devastated.SpongeBob is devastatedwhen Gary runs away from home.,Write two more complex sentences!,Use the dependent clause starter:ifIf you are hungry,you should visit the Krusty Krab!You should visit the Krusty Krabif you a
12、re hungry.,Could you turn our complex sentence into a compound-complex sentence?,If you are hungry,you should visit the Krusty Krab!,COMPOUND COMPLEX2 INDEPENDENT+1 DEPENDENT,EXAMPLES,Because they make me laugh,I like SpongeBob,and I like Plankton.,Turn these into complex,Patrick is annoyingPlankton
13、 wants the Krabby Patty recipeThe Hashslinging Slasher visits,COMMAS,AFTER INTRODUCTORY WORDSAFTER INTRODUCTORY PHRASESAFTER INTRODUCTORY CLAUSESBETWEEN 2 INDEPENDENT CLAUSESBEFORE THE CONJUNCTION,Introductory Words,Unfortunately,I love chocolate.Therefore,I eat it often.Also,I like ice cream.But,I
14、am allergic to it.Thus,I should not eat it.Once,I saw a Yettie.Next,I saw Bigfoot.Finally,I caught a leprechaun!,Introductory Phrases,To be or not to be,that is the question.Inside the small garden,there is a gnome.(prep phrases of 4 or more),Introductory Dependent Clauses,When I grow up,Before I be
15、come president,Since I am so short,Until I study for my test,BETWEEN INDEPENDENT,St.Patrick is the patron saint of Ireland,but he was originally British.St.Patrick was captured by Irish raiders,and he worked as a slave for 6 years.St.Patrick had a dream to escape,so he walked 200 miles to the shore.,41,谢谢！,
