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1、1/17/2023,.,1,His lifeDaoism as Philosophy of laoziDao De Jing Philosophical and Religous Daoism,1/17/2023,.,2,Lu Xun said:China roots deep in Taoism.If one wants to comprehend Chinese history and culture,one must comprehend Taoism first.,1/17/2023,.,3,1/17/2023,.,4,Li Er(李耳)Bo Yang(伯阳)Li Dan(李聃)Eld
2、er Dan(老聃)Senior Lord(老君)Senior Lord Li(李老君)Senior Lord Taishang(太上老君)Taoist Lord Lao Zi(老子道君)Supreme Mysterious and Primordial Emperor(太上玄元皇帝),Names,1/17/2023,.,5,Life of Laozi,Home:Quren Village,LI Township（厉乡曲仁里）,Ku County in the state of Chu,in present day Luyi（鹿里）,Henan ProvinceCareer:librarian
3、(图书管理员),archivist(案卷保管员）,grand scribe（太史）old age：resigned from official post and lived in seclusion(隐居）,1/17/2023,.,6,1/17/2023,.,7,1/17/2023,.,8,Story:,孔子适周，将问礼于老子。,Once,Confucius went to Zhou and consulted with Laozi on ritual matters.,1/17/2023,.,9,老子曰：“良贾深藏若虚，君子盛德、容貌若愚。去子之骄气与多欲，态色与淫志，是皆无益于子之身。”,
4、Laozis response was a critique of Confuciuss teachings.Laozi tells Confucius to give up his stiff deportment and prideful airs.,孔子去，谓弟子曰：“鸟，吾知其能飞；鱼，吾知其能游；兽，吾知其能走。走者可以为罔，游者可以为纶，飞者可以为矰。至于龙吾不能知，其乘风云而上天。吾今日见老子，其犹龙邪！”,Confucius is reported to have praised Laozis wisdom and to have compared him to a drago
5、n whose abilities were beyond his understanding.,1/17/2023,.,10,Conclusion:1.He was an archivist or librarian at the royal court ofZhou;2.He was visited by Confucius and talked about rites;3.He preached the retirement from the world;4.He left the court,wrote the Daodejing,and disappeared without a t
6、race.,1/17/2023,.,11,Work：Dao De Jing道德经Achievement：esteemed as a philosopher by Confucianists;a saint(圣人)or god by the common people of China;a divinity(神)and the representative of the Daoidea:Dialectical Thought(辩证法思想)Noninterference(无为而治)The dual cultivation(性命双修),1/17/2023,.,12,Daoism:Philosophy
7、 of Laozi,Dao De Jing has been studied by literary critics for centuries,and have influenced every aspect in our life,1/17/2023,.,13,Tao/Dao,the image of a hairy,human head,a foot walking,the way of the ancients,1/17/2023,.,14,Tao is undefinable,unlimited,and unnamable.,道可道，非常道;名可名，非常名。无名，天地之始;有名，万物
8、之母。道德经第一章,The Tao that can be told of is not the eternal Tao;The name that can be named is not the eternal name.The Nameless is the origin of Heaven and Earth;The Named is the mother of all things.,The features of“Tao”:,1/17/2023,.,15,Tao gave birth to the One;the One gave birth successively to two
9、things,three things,up to then thousand.道生一，一生二，二生三，三生万物,1/17/2023,.,16,Dialectical Thought(辩证法思想),For truly,being and notbeing grow out of one another;Difficult and easy complete one another.Long and low determine one another.Pitch and mode give harmony to one another.Front and back give sequence t
10、o one another有无相生，难易相成，长短相形，高下相盈，音声相和，前后相随，恒也,1/17/2023,.,17,In Tao the only motion is returning;The only useful quality,weakness.For though all creatures under heaven are the products of being,being is itself is the product of Non-being 反者道之动；弱者道之用。天下万物生于有，有生于无。,1/17/2023,.,18,Many of Laozis enligh
11、tening views are based on his philosophy of naturalness(自然主义)and non-action（无为）.,1/17/2023,.,19,Naturalness自然主义；顺其自然 It refers to a natural state of being,anattitude of following the way of nature.Laozi emphasized that everything in the world has its own way of being and developing:birds fly in the
12、sky,fish swim in the water,flowers bloom and flowers fall.He admonished people to give up on any desires to control the world.,1/17/2023,.,20,1/17/2023,.,21,Water nourishes everything but contends for nothing.水善利万物而不争。,Water nourishes everything butcontends for nothing.水善利万物而不争。,老子的道德经第八章：“上善若水。水善利万
13、物而不争，处众人之所恶，故几于道。居善地，心善渊，与善仁，言善信，政善治，事善能，动善时。夫唯不争，故无尤。”,1/17/2023,.,22,The greatest virtue is like water.,“上善若水”意为最高境界的善行就像 水的品性一样，泽被万物而不争名利。上善：至善，最完美；水：这里喻指与世无争的圣人。达到尽善尽美的境界，就和圣人差不多。水有滋养万物的德行，它使万物得到它的利益，而不与万物发生矛盾、冲突，故天下最大的善性莫如水。,1/17/2023,.,23,最高的善像水那样。水善于帮助万物而不与万物相争。它停留在众人所不喜欢的地方，所以接近于道。上善的人居住要像水那
14、样安于卑下，存心要像水那样深沉，交友要像水那样相亲，言语要像水那样真诚，为政要像水那样有条有理，办事要像水那样无所不能，行为要像水那样待机而动。正因为他像水那样与万物无争，所以 才没有烦恼。,1/17/2023,.,24,Nothing in the world is weaker than water when it comes to breakingsomething strong.天下莫柔弱于水，而攻坚强者莫之能胜。Water is a typical example of the weak winning over the strong.Water is invinciblebecau
15、se it desires nothing and contends fornothing.,1/17/2023,.,25,Aware of the strong,one should remain weak.One should start withones own weak points,accumulatingstrength by keeping low,just as water does.Giving up the desire to flaunt ones superiority is the basic way toprosperity.Remaining weak is no
16、t only the way to prosperity,but also the way to preserving life.,1/17/2023,.,26,Definition:Wuxing is a system of five phases used for describing interactions and relationships between phenomena.,Wuxing“五行”,1/17/2023,.,27,The relationship between the five elements:Wood feeds Fire;Fire creates Earth;
17、Earth bears Metal;Metal carries Water;Water nourishes Wood.,The Generating Cycle,1/17/2023,.,28,The relationship between the five elements:Wood parts Earth;Earth absorbs Water;Water quenches Fire;Fire melts Metal;Metal chops Wood.,The Overcoming Cycle,1/17/2023,.,29,Definition:The Bagua(八卦)are eight
18、 trigrams used to represent a range of interrelated concepts.Each consists of three lines,each either broken or unbroken,representing a yin line or a yang line,respectively.Due to their tripartite structure,they are often referred to as trigrams in English.,Bagua“八卦”,1/17/2023,.,30,Sources of Bagua,
19、Fuxi bagua(伏羲八卦)orEarlier Heaven(先天八卦）,The Limitless(Wuji)produces the delimited,and this is the Absolute(Taiji).The Taiji produces two forms,named yin and yang.The two forms produce four phenomena,named lesser yin,great yin(taiyin also means the Moon),lesser yang,great yang(taiyang also means the S
20、un).The four phenomena act on the eight trigrams(ba gua),eight eights are sixty-four hexagrams.,无极生有极、有极是太极、太极生两仪、即阴阳;两仪生四象:即少阴、太阴、少阳、太阳四象演八卦、八八六十四卦,1/17/2023,.,31,Derivation of the Earlier Heaven eight trigrams,1/17/2023,.,32,Fuxi Earlier Heaven bagua arrangement,1/17/2023,.,33,Use of“Ying-yang,Wu
21、Xing and Bagua”“算命”(fortune-telling)“求签”(drawing lots of divination usu.in temples)“画符”(drawing magic figures)“念咒”(chanting incantations)“看风水”(practicing geomancy for selecting a site for a tomb,house,etc.)“择吉日”(select an auspicious day for marriage,funeral,shop-opening,etc.),1/17/2023,.,34,三酸图/尝醋图/尝醋翁,The Vinegar Tasters,1/17/2023,.,35,What are they doing?Three men are standing around a vat of vinegar and taste it.Who are the vinegar tasters?Confucius,having a sour look on his face.Buddha,wearing a bitter expression.Lao Zi,smiling.,
