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1、专四语言知识,Dorothy,题型特点：*总共20题，分值20分，时间10分钟*语法题10道，词汇题10道*语法居前，词汇居后,小练：62.Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race.Yet it is probably _ a threat to the human race than environmental destruction.(2007专四）A.no more B.not more C.even more D.much more He is no more diligent than his brother.H
2、e is not more diligent than his brother.He is no less diligent than his brother.,和一样不,不超过，不比更,不亚于，和一样,He is no more than a worker.(just)Not more than 5 students passed the exam.(at most),比如：词汇题,58.We should make a clear _ between competent and proficient for the purposes of our discussion.（2000）A.se
3、paration B.division C.distinction D.difference 56.Being colour-blind,Sally cant make a _between red and green.（2001）A.differenceB.distinctionC.comparisonD.division 63.During the summer holiday season it is difficult to find a(n)_ room in the hotels here.(2002)A.empty B.vacant C.free D.deserted60.Dur
4、ing the summer holiday season there are no _ rooms in this seaside hotel.（2003）A.empty B.blank C.deserted D.vacant,57.Jimmy earns his living by _ works of art in the museum.（2004）A.recovering B.restoring C.renewing D.reviving67 A great amount of work has gone into _ the Cathedral to its previous spl
5、endour.（2006）A refreshing B restoring C renovating D renewing 80 The couple has donated a not_ amount of money to the foundation.（2006）A inconsiderable B inconsiderate C inaccurate D incomparable 67.On the road motorists should be aware of cyclists and be _ towards them.（2008）A.considerable B.consid
6、ering C.considerate D.considered,62.He plays tennis to the _ of all other sports.（2004）A.eradicationB.exclusionC.extensionD.inclusion 68.The bar in the club is for the _ use of its members.（2007）A.extensive B.exclusive C.inclusive D.comprehensiveexclusive news/report/store/club Are we exclusive?,语法题
7、,53.She _ fifty or so when I first met her at a conference.(2009)A.had been B.must be C.has been D.must have been56.She _ fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.（2007）A.must be B.had been C.could be D.must have been51._ at in this way,the present economic situation doesnt seem so gloomy.
8、（2000）A.LookingB.Looked C.Having lookedD.To look 64._ at in his way,the situation doesnt seem so desperate.（2007）A.Looking B.Looked C.Being looked D.To look,45.Intellect is to the mind _sight is to the body.（2001）A.whatB.as C.thatD.like53.Nine is to three _ three is to one.（2008）A.when B.that C.whic
9、h D.what,专四特殊句型：A is to B what C is to D,Water is to fish what air is to man.,让步状语从句特殊句型as 引导让步从句，要求用倒装结构，把强调的部分置于句首。,48.Fool _Jane is,she could not have done such a thing.（2002）A.who B.as C.that D.like 49._ I like economics,I like sociology much better.（2003）A.As mush as B.So much C.How much D.Much
10、 as 55._ he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend,he had to stay behind to finish his assignment.（2008）A.Much though B.Much as C.As much D.Though much,专四语法总结：虚拟语气 时态与语态主谓一致非谓语动词情态动词定语从句（+状语从句+名词性从句）反义疑问句专四特色短语+句型,虚拟语气,条件句中的虚拟语气,例句：About marriageIf you had married me before,you would not h
11、ave gone through such a difficult period.(过去）If I were you,I would marry the guy in front of you.（现在）If I were a man in the afterworld,I would marry a girl exactly like myself.（将来）If the sun were to/should rise in the west tomorrow,I would think about marrying you.（将来）,错综条件句：当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的
12、时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如：If they had worked hard,they would be very tired now.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)If you had married me before，you would not have gone through such a difficult period.If you had married me before，you would be very happy now.,虚拟句通常可省略if，变换形式，即“were/had/should+主语”。例句：If you had marri
13、ed me before,you would not have gone through such a difficult period.If I were you,I would take it.If I had time right now,I would go with you.If it were to/should rain tomorrow,the football match would be put off.,宾语从句中：insist,suggest,require,request,demand,propose,maintain,recommend,等动词表建议、愿望时，其后宾
14、语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气-Should+V主语从句中：It is+adj.that 句型中出现形容词如necessary,vital,imperative,critical,crucial,urgent,strange,disappointing,或过去分词充当的形容词如suggested,proposed,advised,demanded,requested,required等时，that 句中用 should+V表示虚拟。,定语从句中。常用句型“It is(high)time(that)”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)Its time that I picked
15、up my daughter.Its high time we went to bed.,让步状语从句中 be or Be it fine or rainy,we would have the sports meeting.=Whether it(may)be fine or rainy,we would have the sports meeting.Our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledgebe it scientific or artistic.,42._,I would marry him all
16、 the same.(2004)A.Was he rich or poor B.Whether rich or poorC.Were he rich or poor D.Be he rich or poor,在if only引导的感叹句中。If only I were a bird.（现在）If only I had taken his advice.(过去）,Whats more?was(were)+to have done（不定式完成式）表示“原来想做而未做”后面通常but（陈述语气）。Eg.I was to have arrived home on time,but my car was
17、 held up by a bad traffic jam.,55.Linda was _ the experiment a month ago but she changed her mind at the last minute.（2007）A.to start B.to have started C.to be starting D.to have been starting,回想总结三时间一交叉一省略五句子一特殊,真题展示：49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there_ quite such a crowd o
18、f people there.（2000）A.werent B.hasnt been C.hadnt been D.wouldnt be50._for the fact that she broke her leg,she might have passed the exam.（2002）A.Had it not been B.Hadnt it been C.Was it not D.Were it not,51.“What courses are you going to do next semester?”“I dont know.But its about time _on someth
19、ing.”（2002）A.I d decide B.I decided C.I decide D.I m deciding 44._ if I had arrived yesterday without letting you know beforehand?（2004）A.Would you be surprised B.Were you surprised C.Had you been surprised D.Would you have been surprised,51.If you explained the situation to your solicitor,he _ able
20、 to advise you much better than I can.（2005）A.would be B.will have been C.was D.were60.That was not the first time he _ us.I think its high time we _ strong actions against him.（2005）A.betrayedtake B.had betrayedtook C.has betrayedtook D.has betrayedtake,52.If only I _play the guitar as well as you!
21、（2006）A would B could C should D might54 Its high time we _ cutting down the rainforests.(2006)A stopped B had to stop C shall stop D stop 59 It is imperative that the government _ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.(2006)A attracts B shall attract C attract D has to,54.If only the patie
22、nt _ a different treatment instead of using the antibodies he might still be alive now.(2007)A.had received B.received C.should receive D.were receiving 65.It is absolutely essential that William _ his study in spite of learning difficulties.(2007)A.will continue B.continued C.continue D.continues,5
23、2.Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam,she _ much better results now.(2008)A.would be getting B.could have got C.must get D.would get52.If there were no subjunctive mood,English _ much easier to learn.(2009)A.could have been B.would be C.will be D.would have been,60.It is necessary that he _
24、 the assignment without delay.(2010)A.hand in B.hands in C.must hand in D.has to hand in61.Its getting late.Id rather you _ now.(2011)A.left B.leave C.are leaving D.will leave,54.Which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood?(2013)A.Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5 o clock.B
25、.She used to drive to work,but now she takes the city metro.C.Walk straight ahead,and dont turn till the second traffic lights.D.Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.,63.If it _ tomorrow,the match would be put off.(2013)A.were to rain B.was to rain C.was raining D.had rain
26、ed51.It is essential that he _ all the facts first.(2014)A.is examining B.will examine C.examines D.examine,58.If you explained the situation to your lawyer,he _ able to advise you much better than I can.(2015)（对比2005)A.will be B.was C.would be D.were,时态,基本时态：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进行、过去进行、将来进行、现在完成、过去完成、
27、将来完成、现在完成进行、过去完成进行时、过去将来、,基本时态：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进行、过去进行、将来进行、现在完成、过去完成、将来完成、现在完成进行、过去完成进行时、过去将来、,I was doing the shopping this moment yesterday.,I will be flying over the Atlantic this moment tomorrow.,The train had gone before I arrived.,The construction of bridge had been completed by the year 200
28、7.,The construction of bridge will have been completed by the year 2010.,I have been learning English for 10 years.,真题展示：43.For some time now,world leaders_ out the necessity for agreement on arms reduction.（2002）A.had been pointingB.have been pointing C.were pointing D.pointed 42.Jack _from home fo
29、r two days now,and I am beginning to worry about his safety.(2003)A.has been missing B.has been missed C.had been missing D.was missed,54.Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea,which _ the Pacific,and we met no storms.（1999）Awas called Bis called Chad been called Dhas been call
30、ed52.I _ ping-pong quite well,but I havent had time to play since the new year.(1998)A.will playB.have playedC.playedD.play,说明：常识告诉我们，一个人一旦获得某种技能，一般是不会在短期内失去的，所以需用一般现在时。,63.In his plays Shakespeare _ his characters live through their language.（2008）A.would make B.had made C.made D.makes62.By the tim
31、e Jane gets home,her aunt _for London to attend a meeting.(1999)A.will leave B.leaves C.will have left D.left 55 The student said there were a few points in the essay he _ impossible to comprehend.(2006)A has found B was finding C had found D would find,46.AIDS is said _ the number-one killer of bot
32、h men and women over the past few years in that region.(2002)A.beingB.to beC.to have beenD.having been Professor Johnson is said _ some significant advance in his research in the past year.(1999)A.having made B.making C.to have made D.to make60.That was not the first time he _ us.I think its high ti
33、me we _ strong actions against him.(2005)A.betrayedtake B.had betrayedtook C.has betrayedtook D.has betrayedtake,附加习题 1.Since I won the big prize,my telephone hasnt stopped ringing.People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money.A.phone B.will phone C.were phoning D.are phoning 2.Selecting a mobil
34、e phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.A.is changingB.has changed C.will have changedD.will change,说明：选择移动电话难的原因是由于科技正在飞速发展，所以要用现在进行时；况且进行时态常给人一种情感上的描述，表示说话者的一种“感慨、赞赏、愤怒、斥责”等。,3.-Hi,Tracy,you look tired.-I am tired.I _ the living room all day.A.paintedB.had painted
35、C.have been paintingD.have painted4.Now that she is out of a job,Lucy_ going back to school,but she hasnt decided yet.A had consideredB has been considering C consideredD is going to consider,说明：这句话的意思是“我一整天都在刷起居室”，现在完成进行时表示从过去开始的一个动作一直持续到现在，而且还在进行当中。强调的是“一直在做”。,说明：她“一直在考虑返校”是现在完成进行时，“还没作决定”是现在的结果。,
36、5.The little girl _ her heart out because she _ her toy bear and believed she wasnt ever going to find it.A.had cried,lostB.cried,had lost C.has cried,has lostD.cries,has lost 6.Hurry up!Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the school gate.Oh!I thought they _ without me.Awent Bare going Chave gone D
37、had gone,说明：哭得伤心发生在过去，而丢玩具熊发生在哭之前。两个发生在过去的动作，之前发生的用过去完成时，之后发生的用一般过去时。,说明：“他没叫我就走了”这个动作明显发生在“我认为”之前。所以必须用过去完成时。,7.-Youve left the light on.-Oh,so I have._ and turn it off.A.Ill goB.Ive goneC.I goD.Im going,说明：will 和 be going to 的区别,8.Did you tell Julia about the result?Oh,no,I forgot.I _ her now.Awil
38、l be callingBwill callCcallDam to call,9.This is Teds photo.We miss him a lot.He _ when trying to save a child in the earthquake.A.killedB.is killedC.was killedD.was killing10.I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child.A.is to blameB.is going to blame C.is to be blamedD.should blame,说明：不要
39、被前面使用的现在时所蒙蔽，在地震中抢救小孩并献身的动作只能在过去。,说明：be to blame 是固定结构，不能用被动语态。该句是一个强调句型。,主谓一致,大总结：a great many+可数名词复数 谓语用复数many a+可数名词单数 谓语用单数a number of+可数名词复数 谓语用复数the number of+可数名词复数 谓语用单数the majority of+可数名词复数 谓语用复数each/every+可数名词单数 谓语用单数neither/either of+可数名词复数 谓语用单数more than one+可数名词单数 谓语用单数one and a half+可
40、数名词复数 谓语用单数,临近原则Either or Neither.NorNot only but also Not butThere be,非临近原则 as well as with together with along with rather than besides,改错！1.The president of the company,together with the workers who come from America,are planning a conference for the purpose of solving the financial problems.2.Th
41、ere are a pen,a knife and several books on the desk.3.Either the principal or his assistants is to attend the meeting.4.The teacher as well as the students like this painting.,集体名词cattle、folk、people、youth、police（通常用作复数）The police have caught the murderer.The people whom you met in the campus yesterd
42、ay are from England.army,audience、class、club、committee、company、crowd、family、party、staff、team（根据意思决定单数、复数）The committee meet every Monday.He is on the committee that controls public spending.His family isnt very large.(对比His family are music lovers.),表示时间、重量、长度、距离、价值等单位的名词以及概念上属于整体的一个单元的名词虽然形式上是复数，但谓
43、语动词仍用单数形式。Ten years is only a moment in history.Two copies is enough.Three hours is not a long time to wait.,书名、电影名或格言等专有名词做主语,如果主语是一本书的名字、电影的名字或一个格言等专有名词，谓语动词用单数。“Gone with the Wind”is an interesting novel.“The Scent of a Woman”is an awarded film.No Pains,No Gains is a widely quoted proverb.,学科名词做主
44、语,表示学科名称的名词如physics,mathematics,economics,politics,electronics,statistics 做主语，虽然形式上以复数结尾,但应为单数,谓语动词多用单数。In my opinion,physics is a difficult subject.Politics is an interesting topic for many men.,并列结构作主语时的主谓一致,Egg and milk is a good breakfast.(这里的鸡蛋和牛奶都指一顿早饭，不可分割)Fish and chips(炸鱼土豆片)is a popular su
45、pper here.当and连接的并列名词词组带有each,every或者many a 等限定词时，随后动词常用单数Many a man and woman in this community finds himself or herself in need.Every boy and girl in the class is given a copy of the photo.主语后跟有由as much as,rather than,more than,no less than,as well as,in addition to,with,along with,together with,e
46、xcept等引导的结构或词组，取决于主语本身形式。,Whats more?He is one of the students in our class who(have/has)passed the CET-4.He is the only one of the students in our class who(have/has)passed the CET-6.,真题展示：62 The statistics _ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.(2006)A proves
47、 B is proving C are proving D prove Statistics is not as difficult as some people think.52.All the Presidents Men _one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.(2007)A.remain B.remains C.remained D.is remaining,50.It is futile to discuss the matter further,because _going
48、 to agree upon anything today.(2003)A.neither you nor I are B.neither you nor me is C.neither you nor I am D.neither me nor you are51.Mr Wells,together with all the members of his family,_ for Europe this afternoon.(2004)A.are to leave B.are leaving C.is leaving D.leave,非谓语动词,非谓语动词考点总结,不定式动名词分词,不定式：
49、在 Its+adj.结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型：Its easy(difficult,hard,important,possible,impossible,comfortable,necessary,too much,too little,not enough)后加 for sb.to do Its kind(nice,stupid,rude,clever,foolish,thoughtful,thoughtless,brave后加 of sb.to do,动名词：1.必须接动名词做宾语的动词acknowledge,advocate,anticipate,appreciate,avo
50、id,admit,confess,consider,escape,excuse,fancy,favor,finish,forgive,practice,postpone,recall,risk,resist,suggest,tolerate。如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad.2.动名词做介词短语(to是介词，不是不定式符号)object to,resort to,react to,contribute to,look forward to,be accustomed to,be committed
