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1、中考总复习动词时态详解,时态：初中范围主要有一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时，过去完成时，将来时与过去将来时六种时态。,动词的构成,be 动词助动词情态动词系动词实义动词,be 动词,be动词的几种形式am is arewas werebeingBeen,be动词的用法,与名词、数词、形容词、介词连用I am a doctor.He is ten.They are tired.The cat is under the table.,be动词的用法,There be 句型用于不可数名词和可数名词单数之前There is a pen on the desk.There is some water
2、 in the glass.用于复数名词之前There are some sheep in the hill.用于一般将来时There is going to be a film in our school next Sunday.用于一般过去时There was a book on the desk yesterday.注意：请根据时态和句中的名词选择适当形式。,be动词的用法,Be 动词在时态中的运用在现在进行时中 We are talking.在过去进行时中 We were talking at this time yesterday.,助动词,助动词的几种形式do/dont Does/
3、doesntDid/didntwill/wonthave havent/has hasnt/had hadnt,助动词的用法,对句子进行否定和疑问Do you get up early every day?I didnt have lunch yesterday.Will you be back soon?He hasnt finished the work yet.在反意疑问句中He works in a school,doesnt he?She has never been there,has she?在倒装句中They helped the farmers,so did we.I won
4、t visit the famous singer,neither will he.,情态动词,共同特点情态动词后面跟动词原型无论否定、疑问、倒装句、或反意疑问句都用情态动词只有时态变化，没有人称变化,情态动词,解释can/could在表示请求允许的时候两者和互换，could比can语气更委婉。Can I help you?Could you open the window?在表示有能力作某事时，could是can的过去式。I can swim.I could swim at the age of five.,情态动词,解释Must/have toMust 表示主观意愿，否定句用Mustnt，
5、否定回答用needntI must go now.You mustnt play in the street.Must I clean the room now?No,you neednt.have to表示客观条件的限制的“不得不”，它有时态和人称变化，需要助动词来否定和疑问。I dont have to carry the big box.He had to wash his clothes.,情态动词,解释May 表示请求别人允许。May I use your bike?表示可能性。He may be a teacher.He may live in this building.,系动词
6、,我们所学过的系动词是Get，turn，be come，be动词感观动词look，sound，smell，taste，feel系动词只和形容词连用，构成系表结构I feel hungry.The day gets longer and longer.He looked happy.,实义动词,实义动词指的是有具体行为意思的动词。实义动词在句中可以做谓语动词和非谓语动词。做谓语动词的用法 动词会有四种形式：单三，现在分词，过去式，过去分词,实义动词,注意：掌握四种形式的变化规律He works in the office.We are dancing together.I caught a co
7、ld last week.She has watered the flower.,实义动词,做非谓语动词的用法（指出现在谓语动词之后的动词，它受前面谓语动词的限制）动词会有三种形式：原型(do)动名词(doing)不定式(to do),实义动词,用原型：let sb.domake sb.dohelp sb.(to)dohad better do,实义动词,用动名词：like doingenjoy doingfinish doing介词之后用动名词 be good at doingwhat about doingthank you for doing,实义动词,用不定式：want to dode
8、cide to doplan to dowould like to dolearn to dotell sb.(not)to doask sb.(not)to do,实义动词,注意下列词不同形式的不同用法:remember doing/to do forget doing/to do stop doing/to do go on doing/to do,时态,一般现在时一般将来时一般过去时现在进行时现在完成时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时,一、一般现在时 一般现在时表示经常发生的动作（习惯性的动作）或存在的状态，句中常用always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom
9、,never,every day等时间状语。,例如：1、He goes to school at seven oclock everyday.2、The sun rises in the east.,二、一般过去时 一般过去时主要用于表示过去时间，句中常有yesterday,ago,in 1989,once,last week(month,year),at that time,just now 等时间状语。,例如：1、he was born in 1989.2、I used to play football when I was young.,三、一般将来时英语动词表示将来时间有多种形式，其共
10、同特点是句中常有表示见来时间的状语，如：tomorrow,next week,in a week。,例如：1、We will visit the science museum next week.2、We are going to discuss the problem tomorrow.,四、现在进行时进行时表示现在时刻正在进行的动作或表示现阶段正在做的事情，句中常用now,at this moment 等时间状语连用。,例如：1、The boy is playing video games.2、His father is writing a novel these days.,五、现在完成
11、时 现在完成时表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态，或还要延续下去，句中常用：since,for,yet,already表示的一段时间状语连用。,例如：1、Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.2、I have finished my task.,六、过去进行时 过去进行时表示在过去某个时候正在进行的动作或过去某个阶段正在做的事情。,例如：1、He was reading an interesting book this time yesterday.2、When I came in,they were having
12、supper.,七、过去完成时 表示在过去某个时刻前已经发生的动作，或者从过去某个时刻开始一直延续到过去另一时刻的动作和状态。,例如：1、By the end of last year,we had learned more than 2,000 English words2、My teacher had taught in that school for ten years before she came here.,八、过去将来时 过去将来时表示从过去的观点来预计以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，这种时态常用于宾语从句当中，主句中的谓语动词一般是过去时。,例如：1、He said that h
13、e would study harder than before.2、He didnt tell me when he would go.,动词时态例题选讲：,例1：Look,she(have)a bunch of flowers in her hand.答案：has。提示：尽管句中有look，但在英语中表示“有”，不能用进行时态，本句意思指“她手中有一束花”。,例2：John(make)much progress in his lessons since last term.He(study)harder later on.答案：has made,will/is going to study
14、。提示：第一句中，since last term暗示了谓语动词要用现在完成时态。说明从上学期以来取得了很大进步，第二句中的later on要注意用一般将来时。,例3：Cherry arrived at school after the class(begin)yesterday.答案：had begun。提示：begin虽然也能作及物动词，但在表示某事开始时，一般以不及物动词出现，不用被动结构。,例4：If it(not rain)tomorrow,we(go)to the park.答案：doesnt rain,will go。提示：这是条件状语从句，主句是将来时，其时间或条件状语从句应用一
15、般现在时。,例5：Great changes(take)place in Shanghai in the past ten years.答案：have taken place。提示：In the past ten years会造成过去时间感觉，但其意思是近十年中，与现在有关，要用现在完成时。,例6：It is said that they(hold)an English evening next week.答案：will hold。提示：主句It is said是现在时时态，从句要用将来时，不能用过去将来时。,动词时态注意的要点：,（1）将来时除了shall/will+v以外还有be goin
16、g to+v，表示不久即将发生的事，be doing（用于某些动词，如leave,come,start,reach等）；be+to+v，可带时间状语，表示“必须”；“打算”，be about+to+v，表示“即将”。例如：Hurry up!The bus is starting.We are leaving for Nanjing tomorrow.,（2）有些表示状态、感情、感觉的动词没有进行时。例如：be,like,want,love,hear,wash,hope。,（3）现在完成时与一般过去时都表示动作发生于过去，但现在完成时强调结果，一般过去时强调时间。例如：Have you been
17、 to the Great Wall?How long did you stay in Beijing last year?,课堂巩固练习题：用适当的动词形式填空。,1、She kept the radio when she _(do)homework.2、She was reading newspapers.What _you _(do)?3、Lao Wang told the policeman that he _(listen)to the radio at that time.4、I _(use)to be a teacher but now _(be)a manager.,5、Whi
18、le I _(run)along.A dog suddenly _(run)across the road.6、Last night my father _(read)a book while my mother _(sew).7、What _you _(do)the whole Sunday?I _(go)over my lessons.8、When I _(get)home,the telephone bell _(ring).,答案：1.was doing 2.were doing 3.was listening 4.used,am5.was running,ran 6.was read
19、ing,was sewing 7.were doing,was going 8.got,was ringing,一般现在时,用来表示状态，特征或不受时间限制的客观存在和真理。如：Matter exists in three states物质有三态。又如：The earth moves around the sun 表示习惯性和经常发生的动作，如：I often go to bed at 930.在时间、条件等状语从句中表示将来要发生的动作，如：As soon as I get there Ill telephone you.,一般现在时,动词碰到第三人称单数时，要加“s”work-works辅
20、音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry-carries以s、x、ch、sh结尾的加“es”，如wash-washesgo-goesdo-doeshave-has,一般现在时,例句He goes to school on foot every day.We often have supper at home.She doesnt do her work every Sunday.,现在进行时,表示正在发生的动作。时间状语：now/Look/Listen由be动词动词ing构成动词变化加ingclean-cleaning以不发音“e”结尾的，去掉字母“e”，再加ingmake-making重读闭音节
21、的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加ingswim-swimming,要注意的是表示状态，情感的某些词没有现在进行时，这些动词有：like,have(有)，love,know,understand,remember,forget,see,hear,smell,taste,feel,wish hope,expect,现在进行时,例句The boys are playing now.Look!They are planting trees.Listen!He is singing.,一般将来时,表示将来发生的动作。时间状语：next 引导的词组tomorrow 引导的词组the day after to
22、morrow动词变化：will+动词原型例句I will visit you tomorrow.He wont come back next week.,用ill(shall)+动词原形来表达将来在某一时间内要发生，或经常、将要发生的动作或状态，如：School will begin on Sepember 1st 用be going to+动词原形，用来表示不久将要发生或打算去作的动作。如：Im going to swim this afternoon be+现在分词，也就是用某些动词的现在进行时表示将来，如：Im coming。这些动词只限于：go,come,leave,start,mov
23、e,sail,arrive,reach,get to等动词。在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。,一般过去时,指过去发生的动作或事情时间状语：yesterday 引导的词组ago 引导的词组last 引导的词组the day before yesterday,一般过去时,动词变化：动词变成过去式，动词加“ed”Play-played辅音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry-carried重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加edstop-stopped不规则动词见书后动词表,一般过去时,例句He bought a book yesterday.I watched a match last wee
24、k.He left here two days ago.,现在完成时,动词变化 动词变成过去分词加edPlay-played辅音字母和“y”结尾的词，如carry-carried重读闭音节的单词，双写最后一个字母，再加edstop-stopped不规则动词见书后动词表动词由have（has）+过去分词 构成,现在完成时,表示动作已经完成He has left.I have already had a rest.表示动作不仅已经完成，还要持续（在这个用法当中，动词要用延续性动词，与for引导的一段时间和since引导的短语连用）He has been away for two days.I ha
25、ve already taught in this school since 1990.The bird has been dead for a month.We have made lots of friends since we came here.,过去进行时,指在过去的某一个时间正在发生的动作。时间状语at this time yesterdayat five oclock yesterday afternoon动词由be动词+动词ing形式构成例句He was watching TV at this time yesterday.,过去将来时,指对过去的某一个时间来讲，将要发生的动作。动词由would+动词原型构成。例句He would go to the park the next day.He said he would work hard next term.,过去完成时,指对过去的某一个时间来讲，已经发生的动作。动词由had+过去分词构成。例句she had borrowed a book before she went to the park.We had learned many new words by the end of last term.,
