2020托福听力备考攻略.doc
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1、2020托福听力备考攻略 其实表达方式对英语的提升帮助很大,如果大家能在平时学习中多学习一些英文特殊的表达方式,那么对于托福听力的理解力也会提升不少。下面就和大家分享托福听力备考攻略,来欣赏一下吧。托福听力备考攻略一.学习时态表达方式汉语中用副词表达时态,而英语中是用动词的变形来表达时态的。中国考生一般都对时态缺乏敏感度,这是很正常的,这就像外国人很难掌握我们汉语中的声调一样。在托福听力中,尤其是在lecture(讲座)中,我们要特别注意时态的变化。因为在托福的lecture文段开头部分,教授常常会通过讨论过去讲的内容来引出本次讲座的内容,或者讨论过去的理论和观点与当前的新理论和新观点进行对比
2、。如果不注意时态,一股脑地听下来,很容易会混淆lecture的主题,影响答题。例如,官方真题Official16中第二篇lecture的开头如下Up until now in our discussions and readings about the broken early classical periods, weve been talking about the development of musical styles and genres within the relatively narrow social context of its patronage by the uppe
3、r classesBut I think if I were asked to identify a single crucial development in European music of this time, it would be the invention of the piano这篇lecture主要讲的是钢琴的发明对西方音乐史的影响,教授在讲座开头回忆了上几节课谈到的出资人如何影响音乐家的创作风格。句中weve been talking about这样的现在完成进行时,表明了教授在讨论过去讲过的内容。后面由表达转折的But引导的用一般现在时讲述的内容才是lecture的真正重
4、心。所以,如果在听力中能够抓住时态的变化,我们就能更好地把握文段的结构和层次,将*听得更有调理。二.学习否定表达方式在否定意义的表达上,汉语和英语的表述方式有比较大的差别。我们来假设一个场景:妈妈让小明吃菠菜补充营养,可是小明非常不喜欢菠菜的味道,于是小明对妈妈说:“妈妈,你别让我吃了,我_菠菜了。”如果根据场景,帮小明把话补全来表达对菠菜的厌恶和否定,那么汉语表达大概会是:“妈妈,你别让我吃了,我最不喜欢菠菜来了。”否定的语气会很直接的表达出来。那么,美语的表达会是怎么样的呢,大概会是:Mommy, please, the last thing I would like to eat is
5、spinach. 是的,美国人会说他想吃的东西中的一个是菠菜。这个逻辑对中国人来说是比较“曲折”的,但是我们必须适应,否则听力中的某些关键句就会反应不出来到底是什么含义。(可参考:新航道基础阶段教程中82页关于实习的对话练习,其中出现过类似表达。)另外,双重否定的形式在汉语的固定词组中比较常用,如“不得不”、“无不”等等。但是双重否定在英语中用得更为灵活,不单单以固定词组的形式出现。举个例子来说,如官方真题Official24中的篇lecture,讲鳄鱼的发声。其中有一句话是同学们特别容易迷惑:No discussion of reptiles would be complete withou
6、t some mention of crocodiles.按句序翻译过来就是:“关于爬行动物的讨论不会完整,如果不提到鳄鱼。”用比较通顺的中文表达出来就是“如果讨论爬行动物,那么我们就不得不谈到鳄鱼。”从中不难看出,中文的双重否定结构紧凑固定,而英文就比较松散灵活。同学们只有适应这样的表达方式才能较快地反应出句子的含义。三.学习约定俗成表达方式在英语中有很多约定俗成的表达方式,而且这些方式往往都是由简单的单词组成,非常容易望文生义。如果不知道这些表达方式的正确含义,以美式思维方式理解和记忆,就不能很好的理解听力文段。下面简单地举两个例子:1. rule of thumb:在OG听力部分的Pra
7、ctice Set1中,教授说了这样的话:So, think about what youd need to include if you were going to explain your research project to someone with general or casual knowledge about the subject, like . . . like your parents. Thats usually my rule of thumb: would my parents understand this?这里的rule of thumb不是“大拇指原则”,它的
8、意思是“经验之谈;通常的行事原则”。这个短语的起源说法不一,有一种说法是:旧时英国人普遍遵循一个原则,就是丈夫不能用比拇指粗的东西鞭打妻子。所以,了解了短语背后的故事,我们就能明白为什么拿这个短语代表“经验之谈”的意思了。2.put two and two together:在官方真题Official3的一个lecture中,有这样的表述:So he put two and two together, and decided there was an element in the sun that hadnt been discovered here on the earth yet.这里的p
9、ut two and two together并不是“2+2=4”,而是“根据已有的资料推论”的意思。想象一下,把手头的资料和线索七拼八凑起来,然后得出结论。只不过,汉语中我们用的“七”和“八”来代表凌乱无序,这里用two和two来表达罢了。托福听力备考中,很多同学没有注意到学习表达方式对听力提升的重要性,上文中为大家总结了积累英文表达方式,建议大家在平时多注意学习。如果精通了英文表达方式,托福听力自然也会有明显提升。2020托福听力练习:运输货物的丝绸之路传播疾病For thousands of years, whats called the Silk Road was a group of
10、 land and sea trade routes that connected the Far East with South Asia, Africa, the Middle East and southern Europe. Of course, when humans travel they carry their pathogens with them. So scientists and historians have wondered if the Silk Road was a transmission route not just for goods, but for in
11、fectious disease.Now we have the first hard evidence of ancient Silk Road travelers spreading their infections. The find comes from a 2,000-year-old latrine that had first been excavated in 1992. The report is in the Journal of Archaeological Science.So the site is a relay station on the Silk Road i
12、n northwest China. Its just to the eastern end of the Tarim Basin, which is a large arid area just to the east of the Taklamakan desert, and not far from the Gobi Desert. So this is a dry part of China.Piers Mitchell, paleopathologist at the University of Cambridge, and one of the studys authors, al
13、ong with his student Ivy Yeh and colleagues in China.In the latrine, archaeologists found used hygiene sticks wrapped with cloth. These were used for what you think they were used for.This excavation was great because the cloth was still preserved and the feces was still adherent to the cloth on som
14、e of the sticks. So the archaeologist kept these sticks in the museum. And so my Ph.D. student, Ivy Yeh, whos first author on the paper, she went out to China took some scrapings from the feces adherent to the cloth. So we were then able to analyze that down the microscope when she brought it back t
15、o Cambridge.Where they found eggs from parasitesincluding one from a liver fluke.And thats the exciting one because thats only found in eastern and southern China and in Korea, where they have marshy areas that have the right snails and the right fish.The fluke needs snails and fish for its lifecycl
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