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1、,1.Historical Background,WW(Word War One一战)Economic depression and workers movement.(经济萧条和工人运动)Irish nationalist movement（民族解放运动）WW（二战）,2.Cultural Background,New Theories and Ideas(新的思想和理论)Darwins Evolutionary Theory(达尔文的进化论)Einsteins Theory of Relativity(爱因斯坦的相对论)Freuds Analytical Psychology(弗洛伊德的分
2、析心理学)Karl Marks and Friedrich Engels Theory of Scientific Socialism(马克思和恩格斯的科学社会主义理论)Arthur SchopenhauersPessimism(亚瑟 叔本华的悲观主义)Friedrich Nietzsches Doctrines of Power and Superman(尼采的基督教精神及强权主义)Henry Bergsons Irrational Philosophy(伯格森的非理性主义哲学),Realism in the 20th Century English Literature(20世纪英国现实主
3、义文学),二十世纪英国现实主义文学改变了维多利亚时期那种高雅温和的倾向，加强了对英国社会的保守性和虚伪性的批判，具有一种冷峻的直面人生的特点。,Modernism(现代主义),A reaction against realism Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and psycho-analysis as its theoretical base.The major themes of the modernistlitrrature are the distorted,alienated and ill relationships betwe
4、en man and nature,man and society,man and man,man and himself The modernist writers concentrate more on the private than on the public,more on the subjective than on the objective.,Some terms,Symbolism 象征主义Expressionism表现主义Surrealism超现实主义Futurism未来主义Dadaism达达主义Imagism意象主义Stream of consciousness意识流Ex
5、istentialism存在文学Theatre of absurd荒诞派戏剧Black humor黑色幽默,English Novel of Early 20th Century,The Realists:The English realists at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th continued and developed the traditions of the brilliant school of critical realism.They sought for new ways and means of re
6、vealing the truth of life.In their works criticism of the bourgeois world reaches considerable depth and poigancy.The notable names among theminclude Butler,Meredith and wells.,Rudyard Kipling(鲁德亚德 吉卜林)1865-1936,major works:Departmental Ditties and Other Verses分类的歌曲Seven Seas七海 The Five Nations五国The
7、 Jungle Book 森林之书 Just So Stories如此故事Plain Tales from the Hills山中的故事Soldiers three三个士兵Lifes Handicaps生命的阻力Many Invebtions许多发明The Light That Failed消失的光芒Captain Courageous勇敢的船长 Kim吉姆,Arnold Bennett(阿诺德 本涅特)1867-1931,Major works:Anna of the Five Town五镇的安娜Clayhanger克莱汉格Hilda Lessways希尔达 莱斯韦斯These Twain老
8、两口The Old WivesTale老妇谭,Joseph Conrad(约瑟夫康拉德)1857-1924,Sea novels:The Nigger of the Narcissus白水仙号上的黑家伙Typhoon and Other Stories台风集Youth and Two Other Stories青春集Jungle Novels:Lord Jim吉姆爷Heart of Darkness黑暗的心灵Political Novels:Nostromo诺斯特罗莫The Secret Agent特务Under Western Eyes在西方的注视下,Henry James亨利 詹姆斯184
9、3-1916,美国人The American(1877）欧洲人The Europeans(1878)金碗The Golden Bowl(1904）鸽翼The Wings of the Dove(1902)悲惨的缪斯The Tragic Muse(1890)华盛顿广场Washington Square(1880)黛西米勒Daisy Miller(1878)(中篇小说)使节(或译:奉使记)The Ambassadors(1903)一位女士的画像The Portrait of a Lady(1881)丛林猛兽The Beast in the Jungle(1903)(中篇小说),Katharine
10、Mansfield凯瑟琳 曼斯菲尔德1888-1923,Major Works:Prelude前奏Bliss and Other Stories幸福集The Garden Party and Other Stories园会集The Doves Nest and Other Stories鸽巢集Something Childish and Other Stories幼稚集The Daughters of the Late Colonel已故中校的女儿,Thomas Hardy 托马斯 哈代1840-1928,the last and one of the greatest Victorian n
11、ovelists and poetsone of the representatives of English critical realism and the turn of the 19th century,His Major works,1)Romances and FantasiesApair of Blue Eyes一双蓝蓝的眼睛The Trumpet Major号兵长2）Novels of IngenuityDesperate Remedies非常手段3）Novels of character and environmentFar From the Madding Crowd远离尘
12、嚣The Return of the Native 还乡Tess of the DUrbervills德伯家的苔丝Jude the Obscure无名的裘德PoemsWessex Poems韦塞克斯诗集Epic DramaThe Dynasts统治者三部曲,John Galsworthy约翰 高尔斯华绥1867-1933,English novelist and playwright Galsworthy became known for his portrayal of the British upper middle c class and for his social satire.19
13、32 win Nobel Laureate in Literature for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in The Forsyte Saga.,His Major works,Novels:The Forsyte Saga福尔赛世家 1.The Man of Property有产业的人2.In Chancery骑虎3.To Let出租A Modern Comedy现代喜剧1.The White Monkey白猿2.The Silver Spoon钥匙3.Swan Song天鹅之歌,Thats AllThank You by 七组,
