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1、Jigsaw reading,What is“Jigsaw”?,If the jigsaw puzzle is divided into four parts,each of the four players keeps 1 part.What should the four players do to complete the jigsaw?,Cooperate,This is what jigsaw reading is all about.,Jigsaw Activities,A jigsaw activity is a group activity in which each memb
2、er is dependent on the others for part of the info.In other words,in order to complete a task,group members must cooperate.,Student As,Student Bs,Student Cs,Student Ds,each member is dependent on the others for part of the info,COMMENTS:,A jigsaw provides a good way for staff members to learn new co
3、ntent and also provides an opportunity for staff members to teach each other what they have learned.Is cooperation necessary and essential in reading?,Directions,1 Prepare reading materialProvide four articles or longer articles that have been broken down into four sections.,2 Jigsaw groupsStudents
4、are put into groups of four-their jigsaw groups.Within these groups,each person is assigned a different letter:A,B,C,D,which will correspond to an assigned text(A,B,C,D).,A,B,C,D,Students are made to realize that they are responsible for the success or failure of everyone on their team.They do this
5、by being responsible for communicating the information they learn in their expert groups.,Before moving into their expert groups,students are told to remember who is in their jigsaw group,because they will reassemble later to share and be tested on what they have learned in their expert groups.So he
6、re it is important to make Ss“high”completely get involved.,3 Expert Groups:Next,the teacher divides students into expert groups by putting all of the As in one group,all of the Bs in one group,all of the Cs in one group and all of the Ds in one group.,A,B,C,D,A,B,C,D,A,B,C,D,A,B,C,D,Group A,Group B
7、,Group C,Group D,Jigsawgroup,Expertgroup,3 Expert Groups:The teacher informs the groups that it is the task of everyone in the expert group to ensure that everyone else in that group thoroughly understands what they read.,The teacher passes out the reading text lettered A,B,C,and D.The teacher does
8、some pre-reading exercises.For example:skimming the reading and find the gist;solving new words togetherThen they are asked to share what they have learned and to share the answers to exercises within the expert group.,They should also be encouraged to rehearse exactly what they will say when they g
9、o back to their jigsaw groups.It is important to give students sufficient time to do this,or they will not learn the material thoroughly and the teacher will find that they tend to read the material when they return back to their jigsaw groups.,The teacher may give students written or oral instructi
10、ons for carrying out their expert group assignment.The following instructions provides an example.,1.Read your passage quickly for general comprehension.2.Read the passage again,and make sure you know all of the vocabulary.3.Do the vocabulary and comprehension questions and then check them in your e
11、xpert group,so that you are sure you can teach the story and vocabulary to your jigsaw group later.,4.Consult your teacher if there is something you dont understand.5.Role-play with your neighbor how you will tell your story and teach new vocabulary when you rejoin your jigsaw group.,4 Jigsaw Groups
12、 Revisited:Students are directed to return to their Jigsaw groups.Each person takes a turn to explain the content of his or her reading,and to teach the vocabulary and other parts of the teachers assignment.,The teacher instructs students to ensure that everyone in their group understands every aspe
13、ct of the text of everyone else in the jigsaw group.The teacher gives each student a time limit,but ensures that there is sufficient time to complete the task.Others in the group should ask questions to get clarification.“What does mean?”,The teacher also instructs students how much total time the g
14、roup has before they will be tested as a group.The teacher tells students that the test will include questions from all texts,and that the jigsaw groups will receive a group mark depending upon how well each individual in the group achieved on the test.,5 Testing:Students write the test.The teacher
15、may test the group as a whole,or individuals in the group.,6 Assessing:It is desirable to receive feedback from the students and build an awareness of cooperation by asking questions such as:How did your group do in the test?How could you have done better?What did you observe about the group interac
16、tions?What did you think was most effective in this exercise?What did you think was least effective?,Sum up:,l.Find an appropriate text(s),and a better ways to adapt it for a jigsaw reading exercise.2.Divide the reading into sections,or devise different versions of the same story for expert groups.,
17、Sum up:,3.Formulate some exercises that will help students read and understand difficult words and sentences in their expert groups which will later be shared in jigsaw groups.4.Be sure the format of the exercises is such that students can take back the information to their jigsaw groups,Sum up:,5.F
18、ormulate some guidelines for discussion for jigsaw groups.6.Devise a short test to evaluate jigsaw groups comprehension of text(s).,Students responsibilities,The students responsibilities in cooperative learning are to work on the assigned tasks as a cooperative group.Each student is responsible for
19、 the success or failure of the others.If Student A does not help Student B,then both students will fail.,Teachers role,The teachers role is to set up reasonable,realistic,challenging activities,and communicate the rules for carrying out those activities.The rules should be conducive to the philosoph
20、y of cooperation.,Teachers role,Once a teacher has clearly laid out the tasks and motivated the activity,she or he should step back,acting only as a facilitator so that students can use their inventiveness and creativity to solve the problem.,Advantages,1.Increases student independence:Students real
21、ize that they can work independently of the teacher.Thus,students become more self reliant learners both within and outside of class.,2.Promotes peer teaching:Students are dependent upon each other for the acquisition of information.Each person has a chance to offer something of importance,and each
22、person has something to learn from his or her peers.,3.Can be used in multi-level classrooms:Weak and strong readers can be put together in the same group because the reading text that one receives is different from the reading text that another receives.,It allows teachers to level students and giv
23、e them suitable readings.This ensures that no one is bored,but that each learner has information that the others in the group require to complete the task.,4.Can be used in a variety of content areas:Everyone in the class is challenged,and this challenge leads to more effective learning.In addition,
24、students are active,both mentally and physically,while being exposed to a wealth of new language and language forms.,5.Can be adapted for use in all age groups:Teachers may want to group students according to same age levels,same or different sex,depending on the story.Thus,the technique can be used
25、 in different kinds of classrooms.,6.Promotes individual and group Responsibility:Students see their worth within the group,which develops self confidence and self respect,7.Avoids dominance by one group member.Everyone is responsible for his or her own learning as well as the learning of everyone e
26、lse and the ultimate score of the group.,8.Creates peer acceptance and understanding:Students have an opportunity to interact with each other.,9.Develops social social-skills such as:a.turn-taking,b.polite interruption,c.cooperation,d.mutual interdependence,e.encouragement,and f.moral support.,10.Ai
27、ds in assessment:Teachers can assess their students progress in a variety of skill areas as students participate in the activity.,10.Aids in assessment:This opportunity is desirable where a teacher is working with groups of language or literacy learners,or where a teacher is working in a specific co
28、ntent area at the same time as helping students develop their reading and writing skills(Plow,1990).,Potential disadvantages:,It is unfair to present the benefits of the jigsaw reading without presenting its shortcomings as well.First,if students do not fully understand the paper they are presenting
29、,they will spread incorrect information to their group members,and it is difficult todetermine if the students have adequately understood the articles they are presenting.,Potential disadvantages:,What could be done to make up for it?1.While wandering the class from group to group,the teacher can li
30、sten in on the presentations and interject comments to partially solve this problem.Unfortunately,monitoring all of the information being presented is difficult for a teacher,especially in large classes.,What could be done to make up for it?2.The selection of papers that are easily accessible to the
31、 class is also an important issue in this regard.Papers at the very upper limit of the students ability to read and comprehend are probably inappropriate for this assignment.,What could be done to make up for it?3.Provide a worksheet that simply asks the listener to list the key points of each prese
32、nter.This worksheet could even be handed out in advance so that the presenters know what to look for in their article in order to be able to answer the questions.,What could be done to make up for it?4.Finally,the teacher could gather the class as a whole following the group assignment for a very br
33、ief summarization of each of the articles to ensure that the students have understood the key points of the articles.,Second,it tends to be difficult to test students on the content of the material in the papers because if the teacher asks a test question on the specific content of a particular pape
34、r,the students who reported on the paper.have a large,unfair advantage in answering the question.,Potential disadvantages:,What could be done to make up for it?Developing better ways to make students responsible for the information presented to them by the other members of their group.,NOTE:,Although individuals will only be reading one article,the teacher should provide copies of each article for all staff members.Encourage them to collect the material in a folder or notebook for future review.,
