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1、主语与同位语从句,主语从句,主语从句是在主句中起主语作用的从句。连接主语的连接词that,whether(从属连词）在从句中不作任何成分。Whether we can go to picnic tomorrow is still a question.明天我们能不能去野炊还是个问题。,由连接词引导的主语从句：That the wounded soldier is still alive is a wonder.That Mr.Zhou will come is certain周先生要来，这是肯定的。,是否这个工作能被准时完成还是个疑问。Whether the work can be compl
2、eted on time is doubtful.在我们学校，有些学生老是迟到，这是无法接受的。That in our school some students are always late is unacceptable.,连接代词引导的主语从句Who,whom,whose what,whatever,which,whichever连接代词在从句中充当主语，宾语或定语，不能省略。,谁会去都没有什么区别。Who will go makes no difference.不管是谁违反规则都要受到惩罚。Whoever breaks the rule should be punished.,她爱的是
3、谁已经够清楚了。Whom she loves is clear enough.谁的钱包被偷了必须被搞清楚。Whose wallet was stolen must be made clear.,连接副词when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however 它们在句中充当状语，不能省略。此类主语从句也可以用带有形式主语it的句子转换。,新运动场什么时候可以完工还是个问题。When the new playground can be completed is still a question.It is still a question when the new
4、 playground can be completed.,注意：that引导的主语从句可用形式主语it替代，将it前置，做形式主语，that 从句放后，但that不可省略。,形式主语it代替主语从句：1)It+系动词+形容词+that从句necessary,right,likely,unlikely,wrong,important,certain,clear,obvious,strange等,大部分学生想回家，这是肯定的。It is certain that most of students want to go home.很有可能明天会是个雨天。It is likely that it w
5、ill be a rainy day tomorrow.,注：its necessary/important/strange/natural+that 的从句结构中，常用（should）+动词原形结构。Its necessary and important that one should master the skills of operating computers.,学生上课认真听讲是很重要的。It is important that the students should listen carefully in class.,2)It+系动词+名词+that从句 a wonder,no
6、wonder,a pity,a shame,good news,a fact,Its no wonder that you have achieved so much success.真可惜你没出席昨天的讲座。Its a pity that you didnt attend the lecture yesterday.,3)It+be+动词的ed+that从句said,told,heard,reported,decided,suggested等，据说她有很多钱。It is said that she had a lot of money.,4)It+特殊动词+that从句seem,appear
7、,happen,matterIt seems to me that you object to the plan.It happened to me that I had been away when you called.,if/whether 引导的主语从句表示“是否”意义时whether 引导的主语从句可以放于句首、句末，if引导的主语从句不能位于句首；但如果有形式主语it引导时，两者都可用。Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful.Its doubtful whether/if the work can be compl
8、eted on time.,Wh 类连接副词或连接代词引导的主语从句可放于句首，也可放句尾。When the new road is open to traffic has not been made clear.It has not been made clear when the new road is open to traffic.,1_he does has nothing to do with me.2Energy is _makes thing work.3.They dont know _.A.where he has gone B.where did he go C.whic
9、h place has he gone D.where has he gone,4._ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where5._ that they can pass the written exam this time.A.That is hoped B.It is hoped C.It hopes D.That hopes,6.It was doubtful _ Mary really heard him.A.that B.if C.whether D.what7.
10、It is strange that she _in love with that old man.A.fell B.should have fallenC.fall D.should be fallen,同位语从句,Appositive Clause,同位语：This is Mr.Zhou,the headmaster of our school.We students should study hard.,The future belongs to you young people.A year is divided into four seasons,spring,summer,autu
11、mn and winter.They each have a dictionary.Is there any room for us two?I have no idea what you are talking about.,我不知道你在这儿.,I didnt know that you were here.,I had no idea that you were here.,宾语从句,同位语从句,Sentence Example,1)The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.2)The
12、possibility that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.,划线的句子在整句中充当什么成分？,-同位语，分别说明前面idea&possibility的内容,同位语从句1.概念:在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。2.功能:同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容.3.用法:常跟的抽象名词有:fact/idea/reason thought/order/doubt/news/hope truth/belief,4.连词 that/whether/who/which what/
13、when/where/why/how,连接词that引导的同位语从句,that在从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用.,He told me the news that he would come home from aboard soon.,他告诉我一个消息,他马上要从国外回国.,There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down.,只用whether引导,不用if.,这个问题是否正确还未被证实.,The problem _ it is right hasnt been proved.,连接词whether引导的同位语从句,whether,
14、连接词代词what/which/who引导的同位语从句,1.谁会出国这个问题还未决定.2.我不知道该选哪个.,1.The question _ should go abroad hasnt been decided yet.,2.I have no idea _ one I should choose.,which,who,(定语),(主),在从句中充当成分,连接词副词when/where/why/how引导的同位语从句,1.我了解他们为什么离开得那么早.2.我们还没决定好去哪儿.,1.Ive got a good idea _ they left early.2.The question _
15、 we should go has not been decided.,why,where,1.Our teacher gave us some advice how we use(should)use the computer.2.The suggestion came from the doctors that smoking(should)be avoided.suggestion,advice,request,order“建议，命令，要求”从句中的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”的虚拟语气的结构。,1)The news that he told me is that Tom wo
16、uld go abroad next year.2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.,（他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。）,定语从句,宾语,同位语从句,(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的）,that,名词性,形容词性,只连接主句和从句,在从句中不充当成分,代替先行词,在从句中充当成分,1.The news that there are no lives on the moon is known to us all.()2.The news that you heard is not true.()3.Have you any idea
17、who he went with?()4.Is there any hope that they will be home in time?()5.The problem that you referred to doesnt exist at all.(),同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,同位语从句,定语从句,6.We cannot solve the problem how we can travel faster than light.7.I cant remember the question they gave at the meeting.8.They were worried
18、over the fact that you were sick.,同位语从句,定语从句,同位语从句,9.I could not believe the fact that he told me yesterday.10.The suggestion he gave yesterday was rejected.11.Our chairman proposed his suggestion that new rules should be applied.,同位语从句,定语从句,定语从句,What kind of noun clauses they are?,1.What it was to
19、become was a mystery.2.I dont know who will help Henry to win the bet.3.His trouble is that he doesnt know anybody in London.4.The fact that ships can go there surprises many people.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,Ex:that,whether,when1 We have some doubt _ they can complete the task on time.2 There is no doub
20、t _ Zhang Wei will keep his promise.3Where did you get the idea_ Mary could not come?,whether,that,that,4 Word came _ China launched its first manned spaceship on Oct.15,2003.5 The order _we should return hasnt reached.,that,when,6.You have no idea _ those days.A that we were how busy B how busy we
21、were C that how we were busyD how busy were we7.There is no doubt _ Miss Gao will permit them to go there.A that B whether C if D when,B,A,8.I have the information_.A of what he will come soon B that he will come soonC of that he will come soon D his coming soon,B,He said _ he would help me.I dont k
22、now _ he did just now.I want to know _ or not she will go.I am thinking about _ I should give him one more chance.,(that),what,whether,whether,He was not sure _ to go there.I think it very important _ you learn a foreign language.He doubt _ he can pass the test.Do you doubt _ he can pass the test?,w
23、hether,that,whetherif,that,1.Mary wrote an article on _theteam had failed to win the game.A.why B.whatC.who D.that2.Elephants have their own way to tellThe shape of an object and _it Is rough or smooth.A.B.whether C.How D.what,A,B,3.Mum is coming,What present _for your birthday?A.you expect she has
24、gotB.you expect has she gotC.do you expect she has gotD.do you expect has she got4.I was surprised by her words,whichMade me recognize _ silly mistakes I had made.A.What B.that C.how D.which,C,A,5.Years ago we didnt know this,but resent science _that people Who dont sleep well soon get ill.A.showed
25、B.has shownC.will show D.is showing6.You are saying that everyone Should be equal,and this is _I disagree.A.why B.where C.what D.how,B,B,7._ you have done might do harm to other people.A That B What C Whether D How 8._ you dont like him is none of my business.A What B Who C That D Whether,B,C,9._ we
26、 cant get seems better than _ we have.A What;what B What;that C That;that D That;what 10.It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he wants.A whatever B that C which D who,A,A,11.These wild flowers are so specialThat I would do _ I can to saveThem.A.whatever B.what C.which D.whichever12.Th
27、e other day,my brother droveHis car down the street at _I thought was a dangerous speed.A.as B.which C.what D.that,A,C,1.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?-oh,thats _.A.what makes me feel excited.B.whatever I feel excited aboutC.how I feel about it D.when I feel excited,A,2.Perseverance
28、is a kind of quality and thats _it takes to do anything well.A.what B.that C.which D.why3.It looks _he is unhappy today.A.that B.if C.as if D.whether,A,C,4.我的建议是你应该努力学习。,My advice is that you should study hard.,5.我们是否去北京那得取决于我们是否有足够的钱。,Whether we will go to Beijing depends on whether we have enough money.,我们不能得到的东西似乎比我们有的东西要好。,What we cant get seems better than what we have.,why thats _ he was too lazy.The reason why he didnt pass the exam was _ he was too lazy.,why,because,that,
