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1、轮子的校准 Alignment,Before they can be put into use,the wheels of chain wheel,toothed wheel and belt transmissions must first be aligned.This alignment is also called squaring.使用前，凡链轮，齿轮和皮带等各种传动装置的轮子都首先必须校准其位置。这种位置找正也称为校直。Well-aligned wheels ensure long and good operation of the transmission.One of the
2、first requirements for good operation of the transmission is that the transmission wheels are assembled in a correct position with respect to each other.When this is the case,we can say that the wheels are squared.校准良好的轮子可保证传动装置能长期和良好的运行。传动装置良好运行的首要条件之一就是；传动轮彼此间装配位置正确。做到这点后，才可说全部轮子均已校直.,The conseque
3、nce of this sort of bad alignment is that the pulleys can start to score and break,etc.Also,chain and toothed wheel transmissions quickly display wear on the teeth and chain.此种不良位置校准的后果是皮带及轮开始擦伤和损坏。如是链轮或齿轮传动，则链上或齿上迅速出现磨损。,调整程序 Procedure,Slide the shafts so that the chain wheels are square to each ot
4、her.Use a straightedge to check the alignment of the chain wheels.滑动各个轴，使各个链轮都彼此间校直。使用直尺来检查各个链轮的位置找正状态。,Horizontal alignment,Use a dial gauge to determine the largest and the smallest sideways deviation of the chain wheel(i.e.oscillation of the chain wheel).Place these points horizontally opposite e
5、ach other.Do this with the small chain wheel as well.All points are now in a neutral line so that the measurement is not affected.使用百分表来找到链轮侧向偏差量最大和最小的点（即：链轮的摆动），将这些点处于水平，对于小型链轮也需这样做。当全部点都已处在一条中心线上，因此不会影响侧量值。,Vertical alignment,Measure with straightedge above and below the neutral line.If you measur
6、e a difference between the top and bottom sides,then correct by means of filling below the bearing block.The maximum deviation is 0,10 mm.在中心线上方和下方，用直尺进行测量。如果在顶部和底部之间测量出差值，则可用在轴承组件下填入填片的方法来校正。最大偏差量为0.10mm。,可能的偏移 Possible deviation,The chain wheel of the motor is the reference face.If:-The straighted
7、ge point a just touches and point b does not,we must fill the front.-The straightedge point b just touches and point a does not,we must fill the rear.The difference between points a and b is the measurement difference.以电动机的链轮作为基准面。如果：直尺的a点刚好触及，面b点不触及，则必须将前侧填起。直尺的b点刚好触及，面a点不触及，则必须将后侧填起。a点和b点的差就是测量得的差
8、值。,We can calculate the thickness of the filling with the following formula:用下列公式，可计算出填片的厚度：MA MV=VA VRewriting the formula gives:将公式改写成：where:MA=measured distance测量到的距离 MV=measured difference测量到的差值 VA=filling distance填片间距离 V=the thickness of the filling.填片的厚度Example Here:-MA=400mm-MV=0,3mm at b V i
9、s now:-VA=534 mmBecause point b did not touch,we will have to fill it by 0,4 mm at the front.因为b点尚不能触及，应将0.4mm填入前侧。When the wheels are in the correct position,tighten the bearing blocks well.待轮子均已处于正确位置后，即可旋紧轴承组件。,主要类型 main groups,齿形传动链（无声链）Toothed chain,弯板滚子传动链（弯板链）Steel bolt chain,套筒滚子链Roller chai
10、n,链传动Chain transmission,链的结构 Parts of a Chain,1.Hardened steel roller滚子2.Bush套筒 3.Outside link外链片4.Steel pin 销轴5.Inside link 内链片6.Spring clip 弹簧卡片7.Joining link 连接链片8.Pitch 节距,链条的张紧Chain Tension,The chain must be replaced if the chain has become 3%longer than the original length.如果链条伸长已超过其原有长度3%时，必须
11、将此链条更换下。,链的连接 Joining the chain,Fit the spring clip with combination pliers.Make sure that the closed part of the spring clip points in the direction of movement of the chain.装配弹性锁片时可使用尖咀钳。应确保弹性锁片的不开口部分朝向链条的运动方向。,装配原则 Assembly rules,Good operation and lifetime of the chain and the chain wheel depend
12、 mainly on the following points during the assembly:链条和链轮的良好运行和使用寿命主要决定于装配过程中的下列各点：,A correct alignment of the chain wheels.链轮的位置经良好的校准。The correct chain tension.链条的张紧适宜。A good position of the chain in the cogs of the chain wheel.链条与链轮的正确啮合。A free-running chain.The chain must be prevented from rubbi
13、ng against anything,e.g.a chain guard.链条运行自由灵活。严禁和它物（例如：链条罩壳）相擦碰。Good lubrication.润滑状态良好。The correct placing of a chain tensioner:this must always be assembled on the unloaded part of the chain.链条张紧轮安装正确：永远将其装配在链条的无负载部分。,齿轮传动 Gear transmission,1.Pitch circle 分度圆2.Addendum 齿顶3.Dedendum circle 齿根圆4.Ad
14、dendum circle 齿顶圆5.Pitch 齿距6.Tooth height 全齿高7.Dedendum 齿根8.Tooth width 齿宽9.Flank 齿侧,齿侧间隙 Flank clearance,The size of the flank clearance depends on:-The modulus.模数-The centre distance of the shafts.轴的中心距-The dimensional accuracy of the gear wheels.齿轮的尺寸精度 Field of application of the transmission.传动
15、的应用范围,侧隙的等级clearance class,Clearance class 1 侧隙等级1This is used when the operation must meet very high accuracy requirements.We currently find this clearance class with measuring instruments and clamping tables for workpieces with machine tools.用于有很高精确度要求时，我们可以将工件夹紧在工作台上用测量仪器测量工件的侧隙等级。Clearance class
16、 2 侧隙等级2This is used when the operation must meet more than normal accuracy requirements.This clearance class can be applied,for example,when the direction of rotation is reversed and no“jolting”may occur.用于一般精确度以上的要求时，该侧隙等级可用于旋转方向为双向和没有震动发生时。,Clearance class 3 侧隙等级3This is the most usual clearance
17、class for general mechanical engineering.通常用于普通的机械工程.Clearance class 4侧隙等级4This is used if large differences are expected in temperature between gear wheels and housing.可用于当齿轮和外壳的温度有很大差异时。Clearance class 5侧隙等级5This is used,for example,with“open”machines,whereby there is always a chance that contamin
18、ation can get between the teeth.用于开式机械中齿轮间常有污染物存在的场合。,Therefore,to look up the flank clearance in the table,three values are required:因此,可以根据3个数值查看齿侧间隙表.-The clearance class.间隙等级-The centre distance.中心距-The modulus.模数,齿侧间隙的检查 Check on flank clearance,The flank clearance can be measured with:用下列方法测量齿
19、侧间隙-A lead wire.铅丝-A dial gauge.百分表-A feeler gauge.塞尺,Measure the flank clearance in four different positions.Turn the wheels 90 each time.In this way,you can ascertain oscillation or eccentricity faults.每次转到轮子90度，在四个位置测量齿侧间隙，通过这种方法，可以确定摆动或偏心误差。In the relevant practical set-ups,the clearance is meas
20、ured with the aid of a lead wire.在有关的实际操作中，可以用铅丝来测量间隙：,Measure the flank clearance as follows:-Take two pieces of lead wire with a thickness of 0,5 mm,for example.The two pieces of lead wire must be equally thick.Never take a too thick lead wire.例如：取两根0.5mm的铅丝,注意不能太粗.-Place the lead wire on the ends
21、 of a tooth(see drawing).在齿宽两端的齿面上平行放置两条铅丝.-Turn the teeth of both wheels so that they engage and the lead wire is flattened.The lead wire must be flattened in one go.Do not turn the gear wheels backwards and forwards.转动齿轮的齿，使铅丝扁平，铅丝必须在一个方向上转动后压平，齿轮不能来回转动。-Measure the thickness of the flattened lead
22、 wire with a micrometer gauge.用千分尺测量扁铅丝的厚度-If the flank clearance(thickness of the flattened lead wire)is not correct,the position of the shafts must be changed.如果齿侧间隙（扁铅丝的厚度）不正确，必须调整轴的位置。,齿形带传动 GEARED BELT TRANSMISSION,The geared belt transmission is not based on friction(as with a V-belt transmiss
23、ion).The geared belt transmission closely resembles a chain transmission.The geared belt is a flat belt that has teeth on the inside.The teeth have a special shape and engage in the teeth of the geared toothed belt pulleys.This gives a slip-free transmission.,齿形带传动是不依赖于磨擦力（这点与V型皮带传送不同）并类似于链传动的一种传动。齿
24、形带是内侧有齿的扁平皮带，这些齿有特殊的形状，并与齿形带带轮的齿啮合，这是无滑动传动。,目的 Purpose,geared belt transmissions are intended to transfer a rotating movement from one shaft to another shaft.齿形带传送就是把旋转运动从一个轴传至另一个轴.,应用范围 Field of application,-robots;机器人-car engines;汽车发动机-pick and place units;拾取装置-motorcycles(as replacement for a too
25、th wheel/chain transmission)摩托车-etc.等等,优点与缺点Advantages&Disadvantages,can work at a higher speed than a belt transmission(sometimes even 10,000 rpm);工作速度可以比带传动更高（有时可达100,000rpm）can have small dimensions because the distance between centres of the shafts is small;中心距小,尺寸小。has a long lifetime,providing
26、 it is properly assembled;寿命长(如果它能正确安装的话)。works with low noise,also at high speeds;低噪音工作，速度快.can transfer much power;可以传送更大的动力 has no problems with slip.没有滑动现象。,A geared belt transmission has no disadvantages,because all good characteristics of belt,chain and gear transmissions are present.齿形带传送没有缺点
27、，因为它集皮带、链和齿轮传送的所有优点。,Geared belts are made of an artificial rubber(neoprene)or plastic(polyurethane)encapsulation,containing:齿形带是由人工橡胶（氯丁橡胶）或塑料(聚氨酯)制成，在其中含：-cords of high quality steel;高质量的钢绳 cords of glass fibre.玻璃纤维绳-There is a protective layer of nylon over the encapsulation.The whole is vulcanis
28、ed to form an endless belt(a circle has no beginning and no end,i.e.endless).Vulcanisation is the heating of the rubber with sulphur and carbon,etc.added to it.在外表上有一层尼龙保护层，这是硬化而形成没有接头的皮带（即没有开端和尾部的圆圈），硬化是将硫和碳等加到加热的橡胶中。,齿形带的设计Design of geared belts,带的磨损 Wear of the belt,The same applies to wear as to
29、 Vbelts.Wear makes the belt less strong and it can transmit less power or break.Indications,such as fracture,black dust or a frayed appearance,show that a belt must be replaced.这同样类似V型皮带的磨损，磨损使皮带强度变低，且传递能力降低或易于断裂，如有破裂，黑灰或磨损迹象的表明该皮带必须换掉了。,如果两滑动间的中心距大于最小滑轮直径的8倍时，那么该两个滑轮应有凸缘，这一点很必须，因随着中心距的增加，带脱离滑轮的机会也会
30、增加。,带的张紧Belt tension,Belt tension by frequency,齿形带传动的装配Assembly of a geared belt transmission,The assembly,alignment and tensioning of a geared belt transmission are the same as those of a V-belt transmission.齿形带传动的装配中,其校准和张紧的方法与V型带传动相一致。Just as with the V-belt transmission,it must be possible to pl
31、ace a geared belt around the pulleys without too much difficulty.When the pulley is fitted with a flange,the belt may definitely not be pulled around it.This is because the cords can fracture.This can hardly be seen,but can lead to belt fracture under load.就如V型带传动一样，尽可能十分容易地将齿形带装在轮子上，当轮子有凸缘时，齿形带不能绕经凸缘，这是因为强力绳可能会破裂，虽然很难看出,但在荷载下可导致齿形带破裂。Because there cannot be any slip,the geared belts are sensitive for jolting loads.因为没有任何滑动，所以齿形带对震动载荷很敏感。,
