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1、专业好文档开放本科水利水电专业 环境水利学试题姓名： 杨菊 学号： 1065001255674 班级： 2010秋水利工程 得分： 一、填空题(每题2分，小计10分) 1影响水体自净作用的主要水情要素有： 水温 、 流量 、 含沙量 和 流速 。2水利水电工程影响评价工作包括两大部分：一是_编制评价工作大纲_，二是_开展环境影响评价_。3. 水环境一般可以分为 静态 水环境和 动态 水环境。前者是指流速很低甚至没有流动的水体，比如一些水库、湖泊等；后者则是指具有一定流速的水体，如河流、渠道中的水流。4 水环境质量标准 和 水污染排放标准 是水环境标准体系中的两个基本标准。5胶体的凝聚有 凝结
2、和 絮凝 两种基本形式。二、单项选择题(每题3分，小计30分) 1资源水利的核心是(B )。A. 水利工程设施的建设 B水资源的优化配置 C注重经济效益，轻视社会效益 D工程的技术可行性 2. 在生态系统中，一级消费者是( D )。 A. 狐狸 B青草 C. 豹 D兔子 3BOD5是指( D )。 A. 溶解氧 B总需氧量 C. 化学耗氧量 D生化需氧量 4. 曝气作用能够使水体中( D )。 A. 污染物迁移速度加快 B. 污染物沉淀速度加快 C. 底泥的污染物释放 D. 溶解氧含量提高 5当研究河段的水力学条件满足(C )时，可考虑应用零维水质模型。A. 非恒定非均匀，洪水波 B. 恒定非
3、均匀，形成污染带C. 恒定均匀，充分混合 D恒定均匀，非充分混合 6. 水体污染监测可分为水体污染现状监测和(A )。 A. 水污染源监测 B. 水体污染预测 C. 水污染源种类监测 D化学需氧量COD监测7最容易发生富营养化污染的水体是(B. )。A河流 B. 湖泊 C. 海洋 D地下水8. 水利水电开发建设工程环境影响评价方法中最基本、最传统、最常用的一种是(C )。A. 叠图法 B. 网络法 C. 清单法 D. 多参次模糊综合评判法9移民安置目标的评价指标中的关键指标是生产指标和( B )。A. 生活指标 B资源指标 C. 生态指标 D. 公共设施指标10地下水污染修复方法有(D. )。
4、A. 直接除藻法 B萃取法 C. 控制营养盐技术 D. 原位生物修复法三、判断题(正确的标注，错误的标注。每题2分，小计10分) 1水环境质量评价中，细菌学评价的指标是大肠杆菌和BOD。( ) 2河道防洪规划采用的设计流量与推求河流水环境容量时采用的设计流量是相同的。( ) 3底质可以反映水体污染历史过程。( ) 4水功能一级区划中，水质污染严重，现状水质较差的城镇河段不应划为开发利用区。( )5环境监理从属于监理，但是它又具有本身的独立性。( )四、简答题(共4小题，小计40分)1简述环境水利学课程的任务。答：通过本课程的学习， 要了解环境水利的发展过程，认识水环境干扰与变化的规律，掌握水环
5、境保护与修复的基本知识和技术、水利水电工程的环境影响极其评价方法，了解水利水电工程的环境管理，为从事与环境有关的专业技术工作打下基础。2污染物进入水体后，主要受哪三种作用的影响?答：(1)物理作用，一般表现为污染物在水体中的物理运动，如分子扩散、紊动扩散、迁移，向底泥中的沉降积累以及随底泥冲刷重新被运移等，以此来影响水质。这种作用只影响水体的物理性质、状况、分布，面不改变水的化学性质，也不参与生物作用。(2)化学与物理化学作用，进人水体的污染物发生了化学性质方面的变化，如酸化或碱化中和、氧化还原、分解化合吸附解吸、沉淀溶解、胶溶一凝聚等，这些化学与物理化学作用能改变污染物质的迁移转化能力，改变
6、污染物的毒性，从而影响水环境化学的反应条件和水质(3)生物与生物化学作用，指污染物质在水中受到生物的生理、生化作用和通过食物链的传递过程发生分解作用，转化作用和富集作用。生物和生化作用主要是将有害的有机污染物分解为无害物质，这种现象称为污染物的降解。在特定情况下，水中有许多有害的微量污染物可以通过生态系统的食物链将污染物浓度富集，从而使生物和人体受害。 3水质本底的含义与作用。答：通常把未受污染的自然状态下，水体中某种污染物质的固有含量称为该物质的背景含量或水质本底。通过水质现状与水质本底的对比，便可确定河、湖以及其它水体遭受污染的程度。4简述水利水电工程环境影响评价的三大系统?答：a)对象系
7、统：复合系统，包括自然系统，社会系统和经济系统 b)时间系统：不同建设阶段时间系统和不同开工期时间系统c)识别系统；标准系统：本底标准系统，理想标准系统，影响标准系统，预警系统五、计算题(计10分) 若某水库枯水期库容2108m3，枯水期80天，该湖水质标准BOD浓度为3mg/L，BOD5起始浓度为12mg/L，枯水期从湖中排出流量为15106(m3/d)，K01(1/d)。试求水库BOD的环境容量。()解：Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has
8、 been passed fit after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match a
9、gainst England on the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tou
10、rnament so far.The Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011.Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said Wil
11、liams.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have aske
12、d to meet Yaya Toure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footbal
13、ls governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The su
14、personic descent could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the l
15、ower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he cros
16、ses the boundary layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in th
17、e final and they will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed a
18、s a weakness, a team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. Theyve been
19、great at all the unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine th
20、at is unmatched in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.
