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1、电大混凝土结构设计原理形成性考核册作业1说明：本次作业对应于文字教材1至3章，应按相应教学进度完成。一、选择题1下列关于钢筋混凝土结构的说法错误的是（ ）。A钢筋混凝土结构自重大，有利于大跨度结构、高层建筑结构及抗震B取材较方便、承载力高、耐久性佳、整体性强C施工需要大量模板、工序复杂、周期较长、受季节气候影响大D耐火性优、可模性好、节约钢材、抗裂性差2我国混凝土结构设计规范规定：混凝土强度等级依据（ ）确定。A圆柱体抗压强度标准 B轴心抗压强度标准值C棱柱体抗压强度标准值D立方体抗压强度标准值3混凝土的弹性系数反映了混凝土的弹塑性性质，定义（ ）为弹性系数。A弹性应变与总应变的比值 B塑性应
2、变与总应变的比值C弹性应变与塑性应变的比值 D塑性应变与弹应变的比值4混凝土的变形模量等于（ ）。A应力与弹性应变的比值 B应力应变曲线原点切线的曲率C应力应变曲线切线的斜率 D弹性系数与弹性模量之乘积5我国混凝土结构设计规范规定：对无明显流幅的钢筋，在构件承载力设计时，取极限抗拉强度的（ ）作为条件屈服点。A75% B80% C85% D70%6结构的功能要求不包括（ ）A 安全性 B 适用性 C 耐久性 D 经济性7结构上的作用可分为直接作用和间接作用两种，下列不属于间接作用的是（ ）。A 地震 B 风荷载 C 地基不均匀沉降 D 温度变化8（ ）是结构按极限状态设计时采用的荷载基本代表值
3、，是现行国家标准建筑结构荷载规范（GB 50009-2001）中对各类荷载规定的设计取值。A 荷载标准值 B 组合值 C 频遇值 D 准永久值二、判断题1通常所说的混凝土结构是指素混凝土结构，而不是指钢筋混凝土结构。（ ）2混凝土结构是以混凝土为主要材料，并根据需要配置钢筋、预应力筋、型钢等，组成承力构件的结构。（ ）3 我国混凝土规范规定：钢筋混凝土构件的混凝土强度等级不应低于C10。（ ）4 钢筋的伸长率越小，表明钢筋的塑性和变形能力越好。（ ）5钢筋的疲劳破坏不属于脆性破坏。（ ）6粘结和锚固是钢筋和混凝土形成整体、共同工作的基础。（ ）7只存在结构承载能力的极限状态，结构的正常使用不存
4、在极限状态。（ ）8一般来说，设计使用年限长，设计基准期可能短一些；设计使用年限短，设计基准期可能长一些。（ ）9钢筋和混凝土的强度标准值是钢筋混凝土结构按极限状态设计时采用的材料强度基本代表值。（ ）10荷载设计值等于荷载标准值乘以荷载分项系数，材料强度设计值等于材料强度标准值乘以材料分项系数。（ ）三、简答题1钢筋和混凝土这两种物理和力学性能不同的材料，之所以能够有效地结合在一起而共同工作，其主要原因是什么？ 2试分析素混凝土梁与钢筋混凝土梁在承载力和受力性能方面的差异。3钢筋混凝土结构设计中选用钢筋的原则是什么？ 4什么是结构的极限状态？结构的极限状态分为几类，其含义是什么？5什么是结构
5、上的作用？结构上的作用分为哪两种？荷载属于哪种作用？6什么叫做作用效应？什么叫做结构抗力？作业2说明：本次作业对应于文字教材4至5章，应按相应教学进度完成。一、选择题1受弯构件抗裂度计算的依据是适筋梁正截面（ ）的截面受力状态。A第I阶段末 B第II阶段末 C第III阶段末2受弯构件正截面极限状态承载力计算的依据是适筋梁正截面（ ）的截面受力状态。A第I阶段末 B第II阶段末 C第III阶段末3梁的破坏形式为受拉钢筋的屈服与受压区混凝土破坏同时发生，则这种梁称为（ ）。A少筋梁B适筋梁C平衡配筋梁D超筋梁4双筋矩形截面梁正截面承载力计算基本公式的第二个适用条件的物理意义是（ ）。A防止出现超筋
6、破坏 B防止出现少筋破坏C保证受压钢筋屈服 D保证受拉钢筋屈服5受弯构件斜截面承载力计算公式是以（ ）为依据的。A斜拉破坏B斜弯破坏C斜压破坏D剪压破坏二、判断题1混凝土强度等级的选用须注意与钢筋强度的匹配，当采用HRB335、HRB400钢筋时，为了保证必要的粘结力，混凝土强度等级不应低于C25；当采用新HRB400钢筋时，混凝土强度等级不应低于C30。（ ）2一般现浇梁板常用的钢筋强度等级为HPB235、HRB335钢筋。（ ）3混凝土保护层应从受力纵筋的内边缘起算。（ ）4钢筋混凝土受弯构件正截面承载力计算公式中考虑了受拉区混凝土的抗拉强度。（ ）5钢筋混凝土梁斜截面破坏的三种形式是斜压
7、破坏、剪压破坏和斜拉破坏。（ ）6钢筋混凝土无腹筋梁发生斜拉破坏时，梁的抗剪强度取决于混凝土的抗拉强度，剪压破坏也基本取决于混凝土的抗拉强度，而发生斜压破坏时，梁的抗剪强度取决于混凝土的抗压强度。（ ）7剪跨比不是影响集中荷载作用下无腹筋梁受剪承载力的主要因素。（ ）8钢筋混凝土梁沿斜截面的破坏形态均属于脆性破坏。（ ）三、简答题1钢筋混凝土受弯构件正截面的有效高度是指什么？2根据配筋率不同，简述钢筋混凝土梁的三种破坏形式及其破坏特点? 3在受弯构件正截面承载力计算中，的含义及其在计算中的作用是什么？4什么情况下采用双筋截面梁？5有腹筋梁斜截面剪切破坏形态有哪几种？各在什么情况下产生？ 6影响
8、有腹筋梁斜截面受剪承载力的主要因素有哪些？四、计算题1已知钢筋混凝土矩形梁，一类环境，其截面尺寸，承受弯矩设计值，采用C30 混凝土和HRB335 级钢筋。试配置截面钢筋。2已知矩形截面梁，已配纵向受拉钢筋4根22mm 的HRB400级钢筋，按下列条件计算此梁所能承受的弯矩设计值。 混凝土强度等级为C25； 若由于施工原因，混凝土强度等级仅达到C20级。3一钢筋混凝土矩形截面简支梁，处于一类环境，安全等级二级，混凝土强度等级为C25，梁的截面尺寸为，纵向钢筋采用HRB335级钢筋，箍筋采用HPB235级钢筋，均布荷载在梁支座边缘产生的最大剪力设计值为250kN。正截面强度计算已配置425 的纵
9、筋，求所需的箍筋。4. 承受均布荷载设计值作用下的矩形截面简支梁，安全等级二级，处于一类环境，截面尺寸，混凝土为C30级，箍筋采用HPB235级钢筋。梁净跨度。梁中已配有双肢 200箍筋，试求：梁在正常使用期间按斜截面承载力要求所能承担的荷载设计值。作业3说明：本次作业对应于文字教材6至9章，应按相应教学进度完成。一、选择题1螺旋箍筋柱较普通箍筋柱承载力提高的原因是（ ）。A螺旋筋使纵筋难以被压屈B螺旋筋的存在增加了总的配筋率C螺旋筋约束了混凝土的横向变形D螺旋筋的弹簧作用2大偏心和小偏心受压破坏的本质区别在于（ ）。A受拉区的混凝土是否破坏 B受拉区的钢筋是否屈服C受压区的钢筋是否屈服 D受
10、压区的混凝土是否破坏3偏心受压构件界限破坏时，（ ）。A远离轴向力一侧的钢筋屈服比受压区混凝土压碎早发生B远离轴向力一侧的钢筋屈服比受压区混凝土压碎晚发生C远离轴向力一侧的钢筋屈服与另一侧钢筋屈服同时发生D远离轴向力一侧的钢筋屈服与受压区混凝土压碎同时发生4进行构件的裂缝宽度和变形验算的目的是（ ）。A使构件满足正常使用极限状态要求 B使构件能够在弹性阶段工作C使构件满足承载能力极限状态要求 D使构件能够带裂缝工作5轴心受拉构件破坏时，拉力（ ）承担。A由钢筋和混凝土共同B由钢筋和部分混凝土共同C仅由钢筋D仅由混凝土6其它条件相同时，钢筋的保护层厚度与平均裂缝间距、裂缝宽度的关系是（ ）。A保
11、护层越厚，平均裂缝间距越大，裂缝宽度也越大B保护层越厚，平均裂缝间距越小，裂缝宽度越大C保护层厚度对平均裂缝间距没有影响，但保护层越厚，裂缝宽度越大7通过对轴心受拉构件裂缝宽度公式的分析可知，在其它条件不变的情况下，要想减小裂缝宽度，就只有（ ）。A减小钢筋直径或增大截面配筋率B增大钢筋直径或减小截面配筋率C增大截面尺寸和减小钢筋截面面积二、判断题1钢筋混凝土受压构件中的纵向钢筋一般采用HRB400级、HRB335级和RRB400级，不宜采用高强度钢筋。（ ）2在轴心受压短柱中，不论受压钢筋在构件破坏时是否屈服，构件的最终承载力都是由混凝土被压碎来控制的。（ ）3. 钢筋混凝土长柱的稳定系数随
12、着长细比的增大而增大。（ ）4两种偏心受压破坏的分界条件为：为大偏心受压破坏；为小偏心受压破坏。（ ）5大偏心受拉构件为全截面受拉，小偏心受拉构件截面上为部分受压部分受拉。（ ）6钢筋混凝土轴心受拉构件破坏时，混凝土的拉裂与钢筋的受拉屈服同时发生。（ ）7静定的受扭构件，由荷载产生的扭矩是由构件的静力平衡条件确定的，与受扭构件的扭转刚度无关，此时称为平衡扭转。（ ）8对于超静定结构体系，构件上产生的扭矩除了静力平衡条件以外，还必须由相邻构件的变形协调条件才能确定，此时称为协调扭转。（ ）9受扭的素混凝土构件，一旦出现斜裂缝即完全破坏。若配置适量的受扭纵筋和受扭箍筋，则不但其承载力有较显著的提高
13、，且构件破坏时会具有较好的延性。（ ）10在弯剪扭构件中，弯曲受拉边纵向受拉钢筋的最小配筋量，不应小于按弯曲受拉钢筋最小配筋率计算出的钢筋截面面积，与按受扭纵向受力钢筋最小配筋率计算并分配到弯曲受拉边钢筋截面面积之和。（ ）11钢筋混凝土构件裂缝的开展是由于混凝土的回缩和钢筋伸长所造成的。（ ）12荷载长期作用下钢筋混凝土受弯构件挠度增长的主要原因是混凝土的徐变和收缩。（ ）三、简答题1钢筋混凝土柱中箍筋应当采用封闭式，其原因在于？2钢筋混凝土偏心受压破坏通常分为哪两种情况？它们的发生条件和破坏特点是怎样的？3简述矩形截面大偏心受压构件正截面承载力计算公式的使用条件？4实际工程中，哪些受拉构件
14、可以按轴心受拉构件计算，哪些受拉构件可以按偏心受拉构件计算？5轴心受拉构件从加载开始到破坏为止可分为哪三个受力阶段？其承载力计算以哪个阶段为依据？6大、小偏心受拉构件的破坏特征有什么不同？如何划分大、小偏心受拉构件？7钢筋混凝土纯扭构件有哪几种破坏形式？各有何特点？8. 钢筋混凝土弯剪扭构件的钢筋配置有哪些构造要求？9钢筋混凝土裂缝控制的目的是什么？四、计算题1已知某柱两端为不动铰支座，柱高H=5.6m，截面尺寸为400mm400mm，采用C20混凝土、HRB335钢筋，柱顶截面承受轴心压力设计值N=1692kN，试确定该柱所需的纵向钢筋截面面积。2已知某钢筋混凝土屋架下弦，截面尺寸，承受的轴
15、心拉力设计值，混凝土强度等级C30，钢筋为HRB335。求截面配筋。作业4说明：本次作业对应于文字教材10至11章，应按相应教学进度完成。一、选择题1混凝土极限拉应变约为（ ）。A（1.001.80）10-3 B（0.200.40）10-3C（0.100.15）10-3 D（1.001.50）10-32钢筋HPB235、HRB335、HRB400和RRB400屈服时，其应变约为（ ）。A（1.501.80）10-3 B（0.200.40）10-3C（0.100.15）10-3 D（1.001.80）10-33条件相同的钢筋混凝土轴拉构件和预应力混凝土轴拉构件相比较，（ ）。A后者的刚度低于前者
16、 B后者的抗裂度比前者好C前者与后者的抗裂度相同 D. 前者与后者的刚度相同4下列各项预应力损失类型中，不属于后张法预应力损失的是（ ）。A锚固回缩损失 B摩擦损失C温差损失 D应力松弛损失5公路桥涵现浇梁、板的混凝土强度等级不应低于（ A ），当用HRB400、KL400级钢筋配筋时，不应低于（ ）。AC20 BC25 CC30 DC15二、判断题1普通钢筋混凝土结构中采用高强度钢筋是不能充分发挥其作用的，而采用高强混凝土可以很好发挥其作用。（ ）2无粘结预应力混凝土结构通常与先张预应力工艺相结合。（ ）3后张法预应力混凝土构件，预应力是靠钢筋与混凝土之间的粘结力来传递的。（ ）4对先张法预
17、应力构件，预应力是依靠钢筋端部的锚具来传递的。（ ）5我国混凝土结构设计规范规定，预应力混凝土构件的混凝土强度等级不应低于C30。对采用钢绞线、钢丝、热处理钢筋作预应力钢筋的构件，特别是大跨度结构，混凝土强度等级不宜低于C40。（ ）6张拉控制应力是指预应力钢筋在进行张拉时所控制达到的最大应力值。( )7为保证钢筋与混凝土的粘结强度，防止放松预应力钢筋时出现纵向劈裂裂缝，必须有一定的混凝土保护层厚度。（ ）8我国公路桥规采用以概率论为基础的极限状态设计法，按分项系数的设计表达式进行设计，对桥梁结构采用的设计基准期为50年。（ ）9与房建规范不同，公路桥规在抗剪承载力计算中，其混凝土和箍筋的抗剪
18、能力没有采用两项相加的方法，而是采用破坏斜截面内箍筋与混凝土的共同承载力。( )10公路桥规规定受压构件纵向钢筋面积不应小于构件截面面积的0.5%。（ ）11我国公路桥规关于裂缝宽度的计算与混凝土结构设计规范是相同的。（ ）12. 我国公路桥规中指出裂缝宽度主要与受拉钢筋应力、钢筋直径、受拉钢筋配筋率、钢筋表面形状、混凝土标号和保护层厚度有关，而挠度的计算则根据给定的构件刚度用结构力学的方法计算。（ ）三、简答题1与普通混凝土相比，预应力混凝土具有哪些优势和劣势？2简述有粘结预应力与无粘结预应力的区别？3列举三种建筑工程中常用的预应力锚具？4预应力混凝土结构及构件所用的混凝土，需满足哪些要求？
19、5引起预应力损失的因素有哪些？如何减少各项预应力损失？6公路桥涵按承载力极限状态和正常使用极限状态进行结构设计，在设计中应考虑哪三种设计状况？分别需做哪种设计？四、计算题1已知一矩形截面简支梁，截面尺寸bh=200mm550mm，混凝土强度等级为C25，纵向钢筋采用HRB335级，安全等级为二级，梁跨中截面承受的最大弯矩设计值为M=160kNm。若上述设计条件不能改变，试进行配筋计算。若由于施工质量原因，实测混凝土强度仅达到C20，试问按问所得钢筋面积的梁是否安全？请您删除一下内容，O(_)O谢谢！【Chinas 10 must-see animations】The Chinese anima
20、tion industry has seen considerable growth in the last several years. It went through a golden age in the late 1970s and 1980s when successively brilliant animation work was produced. Here are 10 must-see classics from Chinas animation outpouring that are not to be missed. Lets recall these colorful
21、 images that brought the country great joy. Calabash Brothers Calabash Brothers (Chinese: 葫芦娃) is a Chinese animation TV series produced byShanghaiAnimationFilmStudio. In the 1980s the series was one of the most popular animations in China. It was released at a point when the Chinese animation indus
22、try was in a relatively downed state compared to the rest of the international community. Still, the series was translated into 7 different languages. The episodes were produced with a vast amount of paper-cut animations. Black Cat Detective Black Cat Detective (Chinese: 黑猫警长) is a Chinese animation
23、 television series produced by the Shanghai Animation Film Studio. It is sometimes known as Mr. Black. The series was originally aired from 1984 to 1987. In June 2006, a rebroadcasting of the original series was announced. Critics bemoan the series violence, and lack of suitability for childrens edu
24、cation. Proponents of the show claim that it is merely for entertainment. Effendi Effendi, meaning sir andteacher in Turkish, is the respectful name for people who own wisdom and knowledge. The heros real name was Nasreddin. He was wise and witty and, more importantly, he had the courage to resist t
25、he exploitation of noblemen. He was also full of compassion and tried his best to help poor people. Adventure of Shuke and Beita【舒克与贝塔】 Adventure of Shuke and Beita (Chinese: 舒克和贝塔) is a classic animation by Zheng Yuanjie, who is known as King of Fairy Tales in China. Shuke and Beita are two mice wh
26、o dont want to steal food like other mice. Shuke became a pilot and Beita became a tank driver, and the pair met accidentally and became good friends. Then they befriended a boy named Pipilu. With the help of PiPilu, they co-founded an airline named Shuke Beita Airlines to help other animals. Althou
27、gh there are only 13 episodes in this series, the content is very compact and attractive. The animation shows the preciousness of friendship and how people should be brave when facing difficulties. Even adults recalling this animation today can still feel touched by some scenes. Secrets of the Heave
28、nly Book Secrets of the Heavenly Book, (Chinese: 天书奇谈)also referred to as Legend of the Sealed Book or Tales about the Heavenly Book, was released in 1983. The film was produced with rigorous dubbing and fluid combination of music and vivid animations. The story is based on the classic literature Pi
29、ng Yao Zhuan, meaning The Suppression of the Demons by Feng Menglong. Yuangong, the deacon, opened the shrine and exposed the holy book to the human world. He carved the books contents on the stone wall of a white cloud cave in the mountains. He was then punished with guarding the book for life by t
30、he jade emperor for breaking heavens law. In order to pass this holy book to human beings, he would have to get by the antagonist fox. The whole animation is characterized by charming Chinesepainting, including pavilions, ancient architecture, rippling streams and crowded markets, which fully demons
31、trate the unique beauty of Chinas natural scenery. Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf【喜洋洋与灰太狼】 Pleasant Goat and Big Big Wolf (Chinese:喜羊羊与灰太狼) is a Chinese animated television series. The show is about a group of goats living on the Green Pasture, and the story revolves around a clumsy wolf who wants t
32、o eat them. It is a popular domestic animation series and has been adapted intomovies. Nezha Conquers the Dragon King（Chinese: 哪吒闹海）is an outstanding animation issued by the Ministry of Culture in 1979 and is based on an episode from the Chinese mythological novel Fengshen Yanyi. A mother gave birth
33、 to a ball of flesh shaped like a lotus bud. The father, Li Jing, chopped open the ball, and beautiful boy, Nezha, sprung out. One day, when Nezha was seven years old, he went to the nearby seashore for a swim and killed the third son of the Dragon King who was persecuting local residents. The story
34、 primarily revolves around the Dragon Kings feud with Nezha over his sons death. Through bravery and wit, Nezha finally broke into the underwater palace and successfully defeated him. The film shows various kinds of attractive sceneries and the traditional culture of China, such as spectacular mount
35、ains, elegant sea waves and exquisite ancient Chinese clothes. It has received a variety of awards. Havoc in Heaven The story of Havoc in Heaven（Chinese: 大闹天宫）is based on the earliest chapters of the classic storyJourney to the West. The main character is Sun Wukong, aka the Monkey King, who rebels
36、against the Jade Emperor of heaven. The stylized animation and drums and percussion accompaniment used in this film are heavily influenced byBeijingOpera traditions. The name of the movie became a colloquialism in the Chinese language to describe someone making a mess. Regardless that it was an anim
37、ated film, it still became one of the most influential films in all of Asia. Countless cartoon adaptations that followed have reused the same classic story Journey to the West, yet many consider this 1964 iteration to be the most original, fitting and memorable, The Golden Monkey Defeats a Demon【金猴降
38、妖】 The Golden Monkey Defeats a Demon (Chinese: 金猴降妖), also referred as The Monkey King Conquers the Demon, is adapted from chapters of the Chinese classics Journey to the West, or Monkey in the Western world. The five-episode animation series tells the story of Monkey King Sun Wukong, who followed M
39、onk Xuan Zangs trip to the West to take the Buddhistic sutra. They met a white bone evil, and the evil transformed human appearances three times to seduce the monk. Twice Monkey King recognized it and brought it down. The monk was unable to recognize the monster and expelled Sun Wukong. Xuan Zang wa
40、s then captured by the monster. Fortunately Bajie, another apprentice of Xuan Zang, escaped and persuaded the Monkey King to come rescue the monk. Finally, Sun kills the evil and saves Xuan Zang. The outstanding animation has received a variety of awards, including the 6th Hundred Flowers Festival A
41、ward and the Chicago International Childrens Film Festival Award in 1989. McDull【麦兜】 McDull is a cartoon pig character that was created inHong Kongby Alice Mak and Brian Tse. Although McDull made his first appearances as a supporting character in the McMug comics, McDull has since become a central c
42、haracter in his own right, attracting a huge following in Hong Kong. The first McDull movie McMug Story My Life as McDull documented his life and the relationship between him and his mother.The McMug Story My Life as McDull is also being translated into French and shown in France. In this version, Mak Bing is the mother of McDull, not his father. 17
