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1、专业好文档农业生态学试卷A一、名词解释（共24分，每个3分）1、十分之一定律2、食物链3、生态系统4、水体富营养化5、生物放大作用6、环境污染7、顶极群落8、生态平衡二、填空（共36分，每空1分）1、农业生态学的研究对象是 。2、系统必备的三个条件是 、 、 。3、系统整体功能大于部分功能之和的效应叫 。4、生态系统包括 和 两大组分。5、生态系统的三大功能类群是 、 、 。6、生态系统的基本功能包括 、 、 。7、种群增长的基本型有 和 。8、生态对策 和 两种。9、生态学金字塔有 、 、 三种类型。10、辅助能包括 和 两类。11、生物地球化学循环按元素运动范围不同有 、 两大部分。12、
2、碳循环不平衡带来的环境问题主要是 。13、自然资源按更新期的长短为 、 两类。14、农业生态系统的综合效益是 、 、 三大效益的统一。15、农业种群间的正相互作用包括 、 、 。16、环境污染包括 、 、 。三、不定项选择题（共20分，每个2分）1、农业生态系统是 的复合系统。A、自然生态系统 B、农业技术系统 C、农业经济系统2、农业生态系统是 。A、驯化生态系统 B、人工生态系统 C、半自然生态系统3、农业生态系统区别于自然生态系统的特点是 。A、有无系统功能整合作用 B、系统的生物构成不同 C、系统的稳定性不同4、 生物个体大、寿命长、存和率高、要求稳定的栖息环境。A、r对策 B、K对策
3、 C、S对策5、下列种间关系 属于互利互生。A、豆科植物与禾本科植物 B、豆科植物也根瘤菌 C、鸟与树6、植物体向外分泌的化学物质阻碍相邻植物的生长和发育，这种现象叫 。A、他毒作用 B、他感作用 C、抗毒作用7、可能出现倒金字塔的生态学金字塔是 。A、能量金字塔 B、生物量金字塔 C、数目金字塔8、两营养级之间能量转化的损失通常是 。A、8090% B、5060% C、1020%9、在“三叶草田鼠黄鼠狼”食物链中分别测得其含能量（千卡）和DDT（ppm）浓度，问其中哪组数据是正确的： 。三叶草田鼠黄鼠狼能量DDT能量DDT能量DDTA0.271070.254.981061.893.48104
4、30.24B0.2710730.244.981061.893.481040.25C3.481040.254.981061.893.4810730.2410、下列食物链“加环”中 属于复合环。A、农田放养寄生蜂防治棉铃虫B、用牲畜粪便养蚯蚓，用蚯蚓、蝇咀喂鸡C、稻田养鱼四、判断改错题（共10分，每个2分）（ ）1、生态系统同一般系统的根本区别是因为生态系统是一个开放系统。（ ）2、环境容纳量是指一定环境内最大种群数量。（ ）3、r-对策生物种群的基本增长型通常是J型。（ ）4、土壤中C/N下降，有机质分解加速。（ ）5、食物链“加环”可以改变十分之一定律。五、论述题（共10分）1、论述高斯竞争排
5、斥原理，推论及在农业中的应用。农业生态学试卷A答案一、 名词解释 1、十分之一定律能量在食物链传递过程中，从一营养级到另营养级的能量转化只有10%左右被下一营养级固定，称之为十分之一定律。2、食物链生物系统中生物成员通过吃与被吃的食物营养关系彼此连起来的链条叫食物链3、生态系统一定时空范围内生物与环境通过能流物流，信息流构成的具有一定的结构的功能整体。4、水体富营养化过多的营养物质排入水体，使水体微生物物生长过旺，并大量死亡。消耗水中溶解氧使水质变坏变臭的现象叫水体富营养化5、生物放大作用一些性质比较稳定的元素或化合物在生态系统沿食物链传递过程中，其浓度随营养级上升而急剧增加的现象叫生物放大作
6、用6、环境污染人类直接或间接产生的一些物质或废气物排放到环境，超过环境自净能力，使环境理化或生物学状发生有害改变叫环境污染7、顶极群落群落演替序列中最后到达的和物理环境紧密相连适应的稳定群落叫顶极群落8、生态平衡生物系统中生物与生物，生物与环境相互作用保持的一种稳定协调的状态叫生态平衡。二、填空1、农业生态系统 2、有两个以上组分，有一定结构，有一定功能 3、系统功能整合作用 4、无机环境，生命部分 5、生产者、消费者、分解者 6、能量流、物质流、信息流 7、J型增长，S型增长 8、K对称，r对策 9、能量金字塔，生物金字塔，数目金字塔 10、自然辅助能，人工辅助能 11、地质大循环，生物小循
7、环12、温室效应 13、可更新资源，不可更新资源 14、生态效益、社会效益、经济效益15、偏利作用，原始协作，互利共生 16、大气污染，水体污染，土壤污染三、不定项选择题1、A、B、C 2、A、C 3、B、C 4、B 5、B 6、B 7、B、C 8、A 9、A 10、C四、判断改错题1、 改：有生物成分； 2、 改；应是稳定达到的最大种群数量3、 4、 5、 改：不能五、论述题Winger Tuivasa-Sheck, who scored two tries in the Kiwis 20-18 semi-final win over England, has been passed fit
8、 after a lower-leg injury, while Slater has been named at full-back but is still recovering from a knee injury aggravated against USA.Both sides boast 100% records heading into the encounter but Australia have not conceded a try since Josh Charnleys effort in their first pool match against England o
9、n the opening day.Aussie winger Jarryd Hayne is the competitions top try scorer with nine, closely followed by Tuivasa-Sheck with eight.But it is recently named Rugby League International Federation player of the year Sonny Bill Williams who has attracted the most interest in the tournament so far.T
10、he Kiwi - with a tournament high 17 offloads - has the chance of becoming the first player to win the World Cup in both rugby league and rugby union after triumphing with the All Blacks in 2011.Id give every award back in a heartbeat just to get across the line this weekend, said Williams.The (lack
11、of) air up there Watch mCayman Islands-based Webb, the head of Fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in London for the Football Associations 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend Citys Premier League match at Chelsea on Sunday.I am going to be at the match tomorrow and I have asked to meet Yaya T
12、oure, he told BBC Sport.For me its about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hasopened disciplinary proceedings against CSKAfor the racist behaviour of their fans duringCitys 2-1 win.Michel Platini, president of European footballs governing bod
13、y, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toures complaint. In a statement the Russian side added: We found no racist insults from fans of CSKA. Baumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent
14、 could happen as early as Sunda.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. The balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of th
15、e atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary
16、 layer (called the tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet ( Then, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.They blew it in 2008 when they got caught cold in the final and they
17、 will not make the same mistake against the Kiwis in Manchester.Five years ago they cruised through to the final and so far history has repeated itself here - the last try they conceded was scored by Englands Josh Charnley in the opening game of the tournament.That could be classed as a weakness, a
18、team under-cooked - but I have been impressed by the Kangaroos focus in their games since then.They have been concentrating on the sort of stuff that wins you tough, even contests - strong defence, especially on their own goal-line, completing sets and a good kick-chase. Theyve been great at all the
19、 unglamorous stuff that often goes unnoticed in the stands but not by your team-mates.It is as though their entire tournament has been preparation for the final.In Johnathan Thurston, Cooper Cronk, Cameron Smith and either Billy Slater or Greg Inglis at full-back they have a spine that is unmatched
20、in rugby league. They have played in so many high-pressure games - a priceless asset going into Saturday.The Kiwis are a lot less experienced but winning a dramatic match like their semi-final against England will do wonders for their confidence.They defeated Australia in the Four Nations final in 2010 and the last World Cup, and know they can rise to the big occasion.
