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1、Metaphysical Poetry,Metaphysical Poetry,The term“metaphysical poetry”is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.Metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry.,John Dryden,The term was
2、 coined by John Dryden(1693):He affects the metaphysics and perplexes the minds of the fair sex with nice speculations of philosophy when he should engage their hearts,and entertain them with the softness of love.Less concerned with expressing feeling than with analyzing it,Samuel Johnson,Metaphysic
3、al wit discordia concors;a combination of dissimilar images,or discovery of occultresemblances in things apparently unlike.The most heterogeneous ideas are yoked byviolence together.,Metaphysical Poets,Using a special metaphor called“conceit”(新奇的比喻)that forms a parallel between apparently dissimilar
4、 or incongruous objects or situations;and sets up an analogy between one entitys spiritual qualities and an object in the physical worldConceits often were so farfetched as to become absurd,conceit,fanciful or unusual image in which apparently dissimilar things are shown to have a relationship.The d
5、evice was also used by the metaphysical poets,who fashioned conceits that were witty,complex,intellectual,and often startling.,T.S.Eliot,Unification of sensibility modern readers admire the combination of passion and intellect,ingenious use of intellectual and theological concepts surprising conceit
6、s strange paradoxes farfetched imagerySyllogistic argument simple diction echoing the words and cadences of common speech.,Main Features,The Elizabethan poetry,The Elizabethan poets were fond of Petrarchan conceits,which were conventional comparisons,imitated from the love songs of Petrarch,in which
7、 the beloved was compared to a flower,a garden,or the like.,A garden inclosed is my sister,my spouse,我的妹子，我的新妇，乃是关锁的园，,“Coming to kiss her lips-such grace I foundMe seemed I smelled a garden of sweet flowers.,-Amoretti Spenser,CHERRY-RIPEThomas Campion,HERE is a garden in her face Where roses and wh
8、ite lilies blow;A heavenly paradise is that place,Wherein all pleasant fruits do flow:There cherries grow which none may buy Till Cherry-ripe themselves do cry.,有一座花园在她的脸上，盛开着百合和玫瑰；那地方是个美妙的天堂；还有各种鲜果累累；没人能买那儿生长的樱桃，除非它们自己叫唤，“樱桃熟了！”,Those cherries fairly do enclose Of orient pearls a double row,Which w
9、hen her lovely laughter shows,They look like rose-buds filld with snow;Yet them nor peer nor prince can buy Till Cherry-ripe themselves do cry.,那樱桃正中含蓄 两排灿烂的明珠，每当她粲然一笑，它们像衔雪的玫瑰花苞：贵族王爷也不能买那樱桃，除非它们自己叫唤，“樱桃熟了！”,A Valediction:Forbidding Mourning,If they be two,they are two soAs stiff twin compasses are
10、two;Thy soul,the fixd foot,makes no showTo move,but doth,if the other do.,若為二，他們亦是一對如圓規堅實緊繃的雙腳各自獨立你的靈魂是固定的一腳，不曾移動，而是跟隨於另一隻腳,TO HIS MISTRESS GOING TO BED,License my roving hands,and let them go Before,behind,between,above,below.O my America!my new-found-land,My kingdom,safeliest when with one man man
11、ned.放开我的手，让他们漫游去吧，前面，后面，中间，上面，下面，哦，我的美洲，我的新大陆，我的王国，当有人占有的时候最安全。,Full nakedness!All joys are due to thee,As souls unbodied,bodies unclothed must be To taste whole joys.充分地裸露，一切欢乐都由你而起，为了享受完满的欢乐，灵魂必须退去肉体，肉体必须褪去衣裳。,The Sun Rising,Busy old fool,unruly Sun,Why dost thou thus,Through windows,and through c
12、urtains,call on us?Must to thy motions lovers seasons run?,忙碌的老傻瓜，任性的太阳，为什么你要穿过窗棂，透过窗帘前来招呼我们？难道情人的季节也得有你一样的转向？,她便是一切国家，我是君主的君主 其余的便什么都不是。当宇宙在这样一个世界里聚拢；你的年龄需要悠闲；既然你的职责 便是温暖世界，你己对我们尽了本份。你只须照耀我们这儿光芒就会遍及四方，这张床是你的中心，墙壁是你的穹苍。,Sheis all states,and all princes I,Nothing else is In that the worlds contracted
13、 thus;Thine age asks ease,and since thy duties be To warm the world,thats done in warming us.Shine here to us,and thou art everywhere;This bed thy centre is,these walls,thy sphere.,carnalism sensualism/asceticismsecular/sacred,Metaphysical Poets,John Donne(1572-1631)George Herbert(1593-1633)Andrew M
14、arvell(1621-1678)Richard Crashaw(1612-1649)Henry Vaughan(1622-1695),John Donne(1572-1631),John Donne(1572-1631),John Donne,English poet,prose writer,and clergyman,considered the greatest of the metaphysical poets and one of the greatest writers of love poetry.,John Donne,his imagery often drawn from
15、 such diverse fields as alchemy,astronomy,mathematics,medicine,politics,global exploration,and philosophical disputation and meditationfamous analogy of parting lovers to a drawing compass,The Songs and Sonnets,(1)Lyrics(2)Love is the basic theme.(3)The nature of love is the union of soul and body.,
16、John Donnes poetry,Donnes poetry shows a diversity of experiences and attitudes,and a free range of feelings and moods,and thus gives a more inherently theatrical impression.Donnes poetry involves a certain kind of argument,sometimes in rigid syllogistic form.With the brief,simple language,the argum
17、ent is continuous throughout the poem.,The Flea:,a poem of seduction,The Flea,Fleas were a popular subject for humorous and love poetry in all countries at the Renaissance.Their popularity comes from an event that happened in a literary salon(a place where poets and others came to recite poetry and
18、converse).The salon was run by two ladies,and on occasions a flea happened to land upon one ladys breast.The poets were amazed at the creatures audacity,and were inspired to write poetry about the beast.It soon became fashionable among poets to write poems about fleas.,Mark but this flea,and mark in
19、 this,How little that which thou denyst me is;Me it sucked first,and now sucks thee,And in this flea our two bloods mingled be;Thou knowst,this cannot be said A sin,or shame,or loss of maidenhead,Yet this enjoys before it woo,And pampered swells with one blood made of two,And this,alas,is more than
20、we would do.,看呀，这只跳蚤，叮在这里，你就明白你对我的否定是多么渺小 它先叮我，现在又叮你，我们的血液在它体内溶和；要承认，这件事不能被说成是羞耻、罪过,也算不上你贞操的损失，它没有向我们请求就得到享受，饱餐了我们的血滴后大腹便便，这种享受我们无能企及。,John Donnes“The Flea”,Mark but this flea,and mark in this,你看吧，你看看这跳蚤，,How little that which thou deniest me is;,你就明白你对我的否定是多么渺小,look at,deny,John Donnes“The Flea”,Me
21、 it sucked first,and now sucks thee,它先咬了我，此刻又咬了你，,And in this flea our two bloods mingled be;,我俩的血已在它里边融为一体；,mixed,John Donnes“The Flea”,Confess it,this cannot be said,要承认，这件事不能被说成是羞耻、,A sin,or shame,or loss of maidenhead,罪过、也算不上你贞操的损失，,John Donnes“The Flea”,Yet this enjoys before it woo,唉，它做得远远超过我们
22、自己。,And pampered swells with one blood made of two,合我俩的血为一体，涨大它的腹肌，,And this,alas,is more than we would do.,而它却未求婚就先得快意，,persuade a woman to marry one;court,Stanza I,In this poem,the I of the poem is lying in bed with his lover,and trying to get her to give her virginity to him.While lying there,he
23、notices a flea,which has obviously bitten them both.Since the 17-century idea was of sex as a mingling of the blood,he realises that by mixing their bloods together in its body,the flea has done what she didnt dare to do.,啊，住手，饶过这跳蚤里的三个生命。在它体内，我们不止是结了婚，它是你是我，是我们的花烛温床，是我们婚姻的殿堂；尽管父母和你都不愿意，我们还是聚在一起。同居于
24、这乌黑的活墙里。尽管你会习惯地拍死跳蚤，但不要把三个生命剥夺，不要再加上自杀和渎圣的罪过。,Oh stay,three lives in one flea spare,Where we almost,nay more than married are.This flea is you and I,and this Our marriage bed and marriage temple is;Though parents grudge,and you,we are met.And cloistered in these living walls of jet.Though use make y
25、ou apt to kill me Let not to that,self-murder added be,And sacrilege,three sins in killing three.,Oh stay,three lives in one flea spare,啊，住手，饶过这跳蚤里的三个生命。,Where we almost,nay more than married,are.,在它体内，我们不止是结了婚，,stop,and more than that不止于此and indeed,This flea is you and I,and this,它是你是我，是我们的花烛温床，,Ou
26、r marriage bed and marriage temple is;,是我们婚姻的殿堂；,this is our marriage bed and marriage temple,Though parents grudge,and you,we are met,尽管父母和你都不愿意，我们还是聚在一起。,And cloistered in these living walls of jet,同居于这乌黑的活墙里。,do sth.very unwillingly,隔绝,煤玉,黑玉(黑色矿物质),deep black,Though use make you apt to kill me,尽管
27、你会习惯地拍死跳蚤，,And sacrilege,three sins in killing three.,不要再加上自杀和渎圣的罪过。,但不要把三个生命剥夺，,Let not to that,self-murder added be,likely to do sth.,act of treating a sacred thing with disrespect渎圣,Stanza II,The speaker argues,since the flea has done it,why shouldnt they?To back up his argument,he refers to the
28、marriage ceremony,which states that man and woman shall be one flesh.He argues that since they have mingled their bloods and are therefore one blood,they are practically one flesh and are therefore married!When the female moves to kill the flea.The speaker argues that by spilling his blood and hers
29、by killing the flea,she is practically committing murder.Not only that,but by breaking the holy bond of marriage she is committing sacrilege!,Cruel and sudden,hast thou sincePurpled thy nail in blood of innocence?Wherein could this flea guilty be,Except in that drop which it sucked from thee?Yet tho
30、u triumphst and syst that thouFindst not thy self nor me the weaker now;“Tis true;then learn how false fears be;Just so much honor,when you yieldst to me.Will waste,as this fleas death took life from thee.,多么残忍，你毫无犹豫用无辜的鲜血染红自己的指甲？它不过吸了你一滴血罪不至死啊？你却以胜利者的口吻说你我并没有因失血而有些虚弱；不错，我因此全知：说你害怕是多么虚假！接受我的爱，你的名誉不会
31、有丝毫损失，就象跳蚤之死不会让你的生命有所损失。,Cruel and sudden,hast thou since,你突然狠心地把毒手下，,Purpled thy nail,in blood of innocence?,用无辜者的血染紫了你的指甲？,make your nail purple by killing,John Donnes“The Flea”,Wherein could this flea guilty be,这跳蚤只吸过你一口血，,Except in that drop which it sucked from thee?,这怎能算作一种罪过？,in what respect,
32、而你却得意洋洋地说：,Findst not thy self nor me the weaker now;,你我并没有因失血而有些虚弱；,Yet thou triumph st,and sayst that thou,triumphed:be successful,said,yourself,Just so much honour,when thou yieldst to me,就象跳蚤之死不会让你的生命有所损失。,Tis true,then learn how false fears be;,Will waste,as this fleas death took life from thee
33、.,不错，我因此全知：说你害怕是多么虚假！,接受我的爱，你的名誉不会有丝毫损失，,It is,stop opposition,Stanza III,However,the flea finally is killed,and the poet is forced to change tactics.There,he argues,killing the flea was easy,and as you say it hasnt harmed us-well,yielding to me will be just as easy and painless.,The Flea-Main Idea,
34、“The Flea”is a poem about class distinction,marriage and struggle between religion conception and physical needs.,Plot is simple:The speaker points to a flea that has jumped from him to the woman and bites both;She has hunted down and caught the flea;the speaker tries to dissuade her from killing it
35、;she disregards his pleas and kills it.,Comparison-Structure,First stanza:Contemplative and whimsical Second stanza:Becomes more absurd,pace gets faster Third stanza:Slowing and reversal of argument.Not a good idea to write down,but interesting to note that the pace of the poem follows that of sex-a
36、 gradual build-up of intensity leading to the sudden,climactic.death of a flea.,ImageryMuch religious imagery:one blood made of two-implies sex and/or pregnancy(ie,mother and child are the two)three lives in one flea-holy trinitycloysterdsacrilege,three sins in killing three-more holy trinity imageryblood of innocence,
