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1、Cloud Computing,Index,1 What is Cloud Computing?2 Cloud Computing Characteristics3 Cloud Service Models4 Purpose and benefits5 Examples6 Opportunities and Challenges7 The Future,2,What is Cloud Computing?,Cloud Computing is a general term used to describe a new class of network based computing that
2、takes place over the Internet,basically a step on from Utility Computinga collection/group of integrated and networked hardware,software and Internet infrastructure(called a platform).Using the Internet for communication and transport provides hardware,software and networking services to clientsThes
3、e platforms hide the complexity and details of the underlying infrastructure from users and applications by providing very simple graphical interface or API(Applications Programming Interface).,3,What is Cloud Computing?,In addition,the platform provides on demand services,that are always on,anywher
4、e,anytime and any place.Pay for use and as needed,elasticscale up and down in capacity and functionalitiesThe hardware and software services are available togeneral public,enterprises,corporations and businesses markets,4,Cloud Summary,Cloud computing is an umbrella term used to refer to Internet ba
5、sed development and servicesA number of characteristics define cloud data,applications services and infrastructure:Remotely hosted:Services or data are hosted on remote infrastructure.Ubiquitous:Services or data are available from anywhere.Commodified:The result is a utility computing model similar
6、to traditional that of traditional utilities,like gas and electricity-you pay for what you would want!,5,What is Cloud Computing,6,Computer Network,Storage(Database),SERvers,Services,Applications,Adopted from:Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell,Tim Grance,Shared
7、 pool of configurable computing resourcesOn-demand network accessProvisioned by the Service Provider,Cloud Architecture,7,Cloud Computing Characteristics,8,Common Characteristics:,Low Cost Software,Virtualization,Service Orientation,Advanced Security,Homogeneity,Massive Scale,Resilient Computing,Geo
8、graphic Distribution,Essential Characteristics:,Resource Pooling,Broad Network Access,Rapid Elasticity,Measured Service,On Demand Self-Service,Adopted from:Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell,Tim Grance,Cloud Service Models,9,Software as a Service(SaaS),Platform
9、 as a Service(PaaS),Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS),Google App Engine,SalesForce CRM,LotusLive,Adopted from:Effectively and Securely Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm by peter Mell,Tim Grance,Different Cloud Computing Layers,10,Cloud Computing Service Layers,Description,Services Complete business
10、 services such as PayPal,OpenID,OAuth,Google Maps,Alexa,Services,ApplicationFocused,InfrastructureFocused,Application Cloud based software that eliminates the need for local installation such as Google Apps,Microsoft Online,Storage Data storage or cloud based NAS such as CTERA,iDisk,CloudNAS,Develop
11、ment Software development platforms used to build custom cloud based applications(PAAS&SAAS)such as SalesForce,Platform Cloud based platforms,typically provided using virtualization,such as Amazon ECC,Sun Grid,Hosting Physical data centers such as those run by IBM,HP,NaviSite,etc.,11,What is the pur
12、pose and benefits?,Cloud computing enables companies and applications,which are system infrastructure dependent,to be infrastructure-less.By using the Cloud infrastructure on“pay as used and on demand”,all of us can save in capital and operational investment!Clients can:Put their data on the platfor
13、m instead of on their own desktop PCs and/or on their own servers.They can put their applications on the cloud and use the servers within the cloud to do processing and data manipulations etc.,12,Cloud-Sourcing,Why is it becoming a Big Deal:Using high-scale/low-cost providers,Any time/place access v
14、ia web browser,Rapid scalability;incremental cost and load sharing,Can forget need to focus on local IT.Concerns:Performance,reliability,and SLAs,Control of data,and service parameters,Application features and choices,Interaction between Cloud providers,No standard API mix of SOAP and REST!Privacy,s
15、ecurity,compliance,trust,13,Some Commercial Cloud Offerings,14,Cloud Taxonomy,15,Cloud Storage,Several large Web companies are now exploiting the fact that they have data storage capacity that can be hired out to others.allows data stored remotely to be temporarily cached on desktop computers,mobile
16、 phones or other Internet-linked devices.Amazons Elastic Compute Cloud(EC2)and Simple Storage Solution(S3)are well known examplesMechanical Turk,16,Amazon Simple Storage Service(S3),Unlimited Storage.Pay for what you use:$0.20 per GByte of data transferred,$0.15 per GByte-Month for storage used,Seco
17、nd Life Update:1TBytes,40,000 downloads in 24 hours-$200,17,Utility Computing EC2,Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud(EC2):Elastic,marshal 1 to 100+PCs via WS,Machine Specs,Fairly cheap!Powered by Xen a Virtual Machine:Different from Vmware and VPC as uses“para-virtualization”where the guest OS is modified
18、 to use special hyper-calls:Hardware contributions by Intel(VT-x/Vanderpool)and AMD(AMD-V).Supports“Live Migration”of a virtual machine between hosts.Linux,Windows,OpenSolarisManagement Console/AP,18,EC2 The Basics,Load your image onto S3 and register it.Boot your image from the Web Service.Open up
19、required ports for your image.Connect to your image through SSH.Execute you application,19,Opportunities and Challenges,The use of the cloud provides a number of opportunities:It enables services to be used without any understanding of their infrastructure.Cloud computing works using economies of sc
20、ale:It potentially lowers the outlay expense for start up companies,as they would no longer need to buy their own software or servers.Cost would be by on-demand pricing.Vendors and Service providers claim costs by establishing an ongoing revenue stream.Data and services are stored remotely but acces
21、sible from“anywhere”.,20,Opportunities and Challenges,In parallel there has been backlash against cloud computing:Use of cloud computing means dependence on others and that could possibly limit flexibility and innovation:The others are likely become the bigger Internet companies like Google and IBM,
22、who may monopolise the market.Some argue that this use of supercomputers is a return to the time of mainframe computing that the PC was a reaction against.Security could prove to be a big issue:It is still unclear how safe out-sourced data is and when using these services ownership of data is not al
23、ways clear.There are also issues relating to policy and access:If your data is stored abroad whose policy do you adhere to?What happens if the remote server goes down?How will you then access files?There have been cases of users being locked out of accounts and losing access to data.,21,Advantages o
24、f Cloud Computing,Lower computer costs:You do not need a high-powered and high-priced computer to run cloud computings web-based applications.Since applications run in the cloud,not on the desktop PC,your desktop PC does not need the processing power or hard disk space demanded by traditional deskto
25、p software.When you are using web-based applications,your PC can be less expensive,with a smaller hard disk,less memory,more efficient processor.In fact,your PC in this scenario does not even need a CD or DVD drive,as no software programs have to be loaded and no document files need to be saved.,22,
26、Advantages of Cloud Computing,Improved performance:With few large programs hogging your computers memory,you will see better performance from your PC.Computers in a cloud computing system boot and run faster because they have fewer programs and processes loaded into memoryReduced software costs:Inst
27、ead of purchasing expensive software applications,you can get most of what you need for free-ish!most cloud computing applications today,such as the Google Docs suite.better than paying for similar commercial softwarewhich alone may be justification for switching to cloud applications.,23,Advantages
28、 of Cloud Computing,Instant software updates:Another advantage to cloud computing is that you are no longer faced with choosing between obsolete software and high upgrade costs.When the application is web-based,updates happen automatically available the next time you log into the cloud.When you acce
29、ss a web-based application,you get the latest version without needing to pay for or download an upgrade.Improved document format compatibility.You do not have to worry about the documents you create on your machine being compatible with other users applications or OSesThere are potentially no format
30、 incompatibilities when everyone is sharing documents and applications in the cloud.,24,Advantages of Cloud Computing,Unlimited storage capacity:Cloud computing offers virtually limitless storage.Your computers current 1 Tbyte hard drive is small compared to the hundreds of Pbytes available in the c
31、loud.Increased data reliability:Unlike desktop computing,in which if a hard disk crashes and destroy all your valuable data,a computer crashing in the cloud should not affect the storage of your data.if your personal computer crashes,all your data is still out there in the cloud,still accessibleIn a
32、 world where few individual desktop PC users back up their data on a regular basis,cloud computing is a data-safe computing platform!,25,Advantages of Cloud Computing,Universal document access:That is not a problem with cloud computing,because you do not take your documents with you.Instead,they sta
33、y in the cloud,and you can access them whenever you have a computer and an Internet connectionDocuments are instantly available from wherever you areLatest version availability:When you edit a document at home,that edited version is what you see when you access the document at work.The cloud always
34、hosts the latest version of your documentsas long as you are connected,you are not in danger of having an outdated version,26,Advantages of Cloud Computing,Easier group collaboration:Sharing documents leads directly to better collaboration.Many users do this as it is an important advantages of cloud
35、 computingmultiple users can collaborate easily on documents and projectsDevice independence.You are no longer tethered to a single computer or network.Changes to computers,applications and documents follow you through the cloud.Move to a portable device,and your applications and documents are still
36、 available.,27,Disadvantages of Cloud Computing,Requires a constant Internet connection:Cloud computing is impossible if you cannot connect to the Internet.Since you use the Internet to connect to both your applications and documents,if you do not have an Internet connection you cannot access anythi
37、ng,even your own documents.A dead Internet connection means no work and in areas where Internet connections are few or inherently unreliable,this could be a deal-breaker.,28,Disadvantages of Cloud Computing,Does not work well with low-speed connections:Similarly,a low-speed Internet connection,such
38、as that found with dial-up services,makes cloud computing painful at best and often impossible.Web-based applications require a lot of bandwidth to download,as do large documents.Features might be limited:This situation is bound to change,but today many web-based applications simply are not as full-
39、featured as their desktop-based applications.For example,you can do a lot more with Microsoft PowerPoint than with Google Presentations web-based offering,29,Disadvantages of Cloud Computing,Can be slow:Even with a fast connection,web-based applications can sometimes be slower than accessing a simil
40、ar software program on your desktop PC.Everything about the program,from the interface to the current document,has to be sent back and forth from your computer to the computers in the cloud.If the cloud servers happen to be backed up at that moment,or if the Internet is having a slow day,you would n
41、ot get the instantaneous access you might expect from desktop applications.,30,The Future,Many of the activities loosely grouped together under cloud computing have already been happening and centralised computing activity is not a new phenomenaGrid Computing was the last research-led centralised approachHowever there are concerns that the mainstream adoption of cloud computing could cause many problems for usersMany new open source systems appearing that you can install and run on your local clustershould be able to run a variety of applications on these systems,31,Q&A,Thanks!,
