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1、2012年考研英语语法专项突破训练及解析,Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age.For these children _to their full adult potential,their education must be adapted to those differences.A.to develop B.to be developedC.developingD.will develop,A For these children to develop
2、to their full adult potential在句中做目的状语，these children 是to develop 的逻辑主语，这种主谓关系在目的状语中一般是不能用分词表示的。B中不定式被动式与句意相悖;for不是连词，故不能选D，否则语句不通。,Space exploration promises to open up many new territories for human settlement,as well as _the harvest of mineral resources.leads to to lead to leading to lead to,Cas w
3、ell as 在语法功能上相当于介词，所以在句中要接动名词leading to。,Someday,solar power collected by satellites _ the earth or fission power(裂变能)manufactured by mankind may give us all the energy we need for an expanding civilization.circled to circlecirclingcircles,C句子的主语为solar power or fission power，谓语是may give,collected by
4、 satellite circling the earth是后置定语修饰solar power，其中circling the earth 又是现在分词短语修饰satellite，“环绕地球的卫星”，相当于the satellite which circles the earth。其他选择项均不符合句子语法结构要求。,In this experiment,they are wakened several times during the night,and asked to report what they _.A.had just been dreaming B.are just dreami
5、ngC.have just been dreaming D.had just dreamt,C句中已给出频次状语several times，说明要用完成时态，同时句子的时态定位是现在时they are wakened，显然不能用过去完成时，所以选C。,Her terror was so great _ somewhere to escape,she would have run for her life.only if that there had only beenC.that had there only been D.if there were only,C这是一个sothat结构表示结
6、果状语的句型，A、D 可以排除。在that从句中又有条件从句，而且应该是虚拟语气结构，B中没有表示条件的连词，是错误的。C虽然也没有连词if，但采用了倒装结构，可以将if省略，又是had done，表示与过去事实相反的假设，时态、结构完全正确，因此是惟一正确的选择。,Some women _ a good salary in a job instead of staying home,but they decided not to work for the sake of the family.must make should have madeC.would make D.could hav
7、e made,D这是一个含蓄虚拟句，意为“有些妇女完全可以不呆在家里，干一份工作挣得可观的工资，可是她们决定不工作，为的是照顾家庭”，所以选D。should have made意思是“本应该做而实际上没做”，与原句意不够贴切。,A light with no more power than _ by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.A.as is produced B.that producedC.that is pro
8、duced D.produced,B相当于A light with no more power than the power that is produced by。that代替power，表示相比较的事物，而D中没有比较对象，故不对;as表示原级比较，不与than用在一起，故A也不正确;C中缺少that的先行词，也是错误的。,For most people the sea was remote,and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the se
9、a,there was little reason to ask many questions about it,let alone_ what lay beneath the surface.A.asking B.ask C.to ask D.be asked,Clet alone，“更不用说”，在用法上相当于并列连词，因此要求填入与前面一样的结构，此处是不定式。,Even if they are on sale,these _refrigerators are equal in price to,if not more expensive than,at the other store.A
10、.anyone B.the others C.that D.the ones,D句子要求填一个能够代替these refrigerators 的代词，故排除A、C。the others一般与另一部分相对而言，在此句中不对，所以选the ones。,The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as _ its soil and the water of its lakes,rivers and oceans.A.are B.is C.do D.has,A句子后半句是倒装句，主语是复数its soil and the water of its lak
11、es,rivers and oceans，因为较长，所以后置，故选A。,From now on,when anyone in our ranks who has done some useful work dies,soldier or cook,we should have a funeral ceremony and a memorial meeting in his honor.A.no matter he is B.whether he has beenC.be he D.whether be he,C此句含有让步状语从句whetheror“不管是还是”，采用倒装后省略连词，用原形动词
12、，所以只能选C。,In 1921 Einstein won the Nobel Prize,and was honored in Germany until the rise of Nazism he was driven from Germany because he was a Jew.A.then B.and C.when D.before,Cwhen引导时间从句：“纳粹上台的时候,他被赶出德国”then不是连词,用在句中不符合句法要求;如果选B,应为and then;before填入句中句意不通。,Physics is the present-day equivalent of use
13、d to be called natural philosophy from which most of present-day science arose.A.that B.all C.which D.what,D句中要求一个能够引导of介词宾语从句的连接词,所以只有what具有这个功能。,the population of working age increased by 1 million between 1981 and 1986,today it is barely growing.A.Whereas B.Even if C.After D.Now that,A前后两个句子是对比关系
14、:increased和barely growing,而even if表示让步“即使”;after表示时间;now that表示原因,故只有whereas正确。,His features were agreeable;his body,slight of build,had something of athletic outline.A.somehowB.as C.though D.somewhat,Cthough 表示让步,意为“虽然”，全句的意思是:“他的长相挺好,身体虽然瘦小,但有点儿运动员的样子。”somehow“不知怎么”、“不知什么原因”。as 可以引导让步从句,但句子结构要倒装,不
15、用于省略句,因此在此处不合适。somewhat“有几分”、“有点儿”,没有让步意味。,By the first decade of the 21st century,international commercial traffic vastly beyond todays levels.A.will be expected to extend B.will have been expected to extendC.is expected to be extendedD.is expected to have extended,D句子讲的是“人们期待到21世纪前10年时,国际性商业航空交通远远
16、超过当今水平”,人们现在就期待,而不是将来期待,所以A、B是错误的;另外,表示到将来某一时刻为止已经完成的动作或出现的状态,应用将来完成时,按句意,是指extend这一动作的完成,所以应该在不定式上体现出来。根据上述分析,选D符合句意要求。,We advocate the economic,cultural and religious traditions of all national minorities.A.to respect B.to be respectedC.respecting D.having respected,C动词advocate后接动名词而不接不定式做宾语。D虽然是动
17、名词,但用其完成式在语义上讲不通。,There are two horses at the ends of a rope with all their might in opposite directions.A.pulling B.pull C.pulled D.to pull,Apulling是现在分词在句中做horses的定语,相当于which pull。,Today the Tennessee Valley is one of the richest areas in the world.But if things as they were it would now be a dese
18、rt.A.had left B.were left C.had been left D.had been leaving,Chad been left表示与过去事实相反的假设“如果情况还像以前那样”。,After twenty years abroad,William came back only how his hometown was damaged in an earthquake.A.to find out B.finding outC.to have found outD.to be finding out,A不定式to find out做结果状语,有意想不到的含义。不定式表示结果时
19、,用其一般式即可。,Relaxation,_ fresh air,pure water and clean food,is essential to a sound mind and healthy body.A.much less than B.no less thanC.no more than D.any less than,Bno less than“与同样(重要)”。全句意为:“放松休息,就像新鲜空气、纯净水、清洁的食品一样,是健康的身心所不可缺少的。”,It is far better to do well a bit of work which is well _ a large
20、 fortune.A.worthy to be done than have B.worth doing than to haveC.worthwhile to do than have D.worthy of doing than have,Bto have a large fortune与to do well a bit of work是并列不定式。另外，worth,worthy,worthwhile在用法上的区别是:(1)worth是介词,后接动名词或名词，形成介词短语。接动名词时,与主语是动宾关系，其形式是主动的，意义是被动的。如:The book is worth reading.(
21、2)worthy是形容词,置于be动词后或名词后面,做后位修饰语,其结构是:be worthy of doing sth.,sth.is worthy to be done。(3)worthwhile是形容词，要与形式主语it并用：It is worthwhile to read the book.worth和worthy都不能用于这种结构。,Understanding the cultural habit of another nation,especially_ containing as many different subcultures as the United States,is
22、 a complex task.A.oneB.the one C.that D.such,Aone 指代前面提到的具有泛指含义的可数名词单数,在该句中指代another nation,句中属于泛指，可见B是错误的。such指代前面讲过的整个情况，多用作主语。that 指物时常用来指代不可数名词,指代可数名词时具有特指含义。,Whether or not the next plan will yield any positive results _ to be seen.A.remain B.remains C.is remained D.have remained,Bwhether 引导名词性
23、从句做主语,谓语动词应为单数。另外，remain一般不用被动式,所以B为正确选项。,If ever again_ happens an accident like this,we will have only ourselves to blame.A.it B.so C.there D.that,C这是there be句型的异化形式，即there be 句型中还可以用be以外的不及物动词，如live,stand,exist,come,remain等。,The students were much encouraged _ a chance to talk with the Americans
24、in English.A.to get B.gotten C.to have got D.having got,C句中不定式表示原因:“学生有机会用英语与美国人交谈，很受鼓舞。”所以应用不定式完成式。如果句子用的是一般现在时are,那么选A是对的。,When a person is in a happy frame of mind,he may agree on the thing that he wont tolerate _ when he is not in the right frame of mind.A.doing B.to do C.done D.to be done,Atole
25、rate要求动名词做宾语,只能选A。,Recently many schools have faced what could be called the crisis of comprehension or,in simple terms,the phenomenon of students with phonic and grammar skills still _ unable to understand what they read.A.areB.to be C.being D.have been,C动名词being 做students 的逻辑谓语,相当于students being u
26、nable to understand what they read。整个动名词短语做of的宾语，所以只能选C。,I_ the train but I overslept that morning.A.could catchB.might catchC.must have caught D.could have caught,D这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句，前半部分假设，后半部分真实，因此应选could have caught，意为“我本来能赶上火车的，可是那天早上我睡过头了”。区别这类含蓄虚拟条件句的关键词是but。,It is very kind of you to do the washing
27、-up,but you _ it.A.mustnt have done B.wouldnt have doneC.mightnt have done D.didnt have to do,Ddidnt have to do it“不用非得洗(碗)”，符合句意。,If you have been generous to a person for a period of time,it is most likely that the person will take advantage of your generosity and trade on your“weakness”become app
28、reciative of your kindness.A.but not B.let alone C.rather than D.instead of,Crather than 表示对比，在意思上前后形成对照：take advantage of your generosityrather than become appreciative of your kindness意为“利用你的慷慨，而不是理解你的好意”。另外，rather than在结构上起并列作用，使take advantage与become appreciative平行。,A poet must not write for the
29、ages past,but for in which he lives and those which are to follow.A.one B.those C.the one D.that,Cthe one替代the age，还原为：but must write for the age in which he lives and the ages which are to follow。,There is a delicate balance of nature many square miles of ocean and vegetation and clean air are need
30、ed to maintain only a relatively few human beings.A.where B.in which C.when D.how,Bin which在定语从句中做状语，相当于in the balance of nature(many square miles of)。,There are cases new factories are being put up and beautiful old trees are going to be cut down for a new factory.A.which B.where C.that D.when,Ctha
31、t引导case的同位语从句，其他连接词都不合适。,Somebody in the next room must be ill,a doctor has just come out.A.because B.for C.in that D.as,Bfor连接一个原因分句，对前面的推测做原因上的解释。请考生记住：无论从逻辑推理还是从语法规则上看，只要前面是表示推测的句子，后面大都用for连接后一句，而不用其他连词。,He would always ignore the fact of such a contradiction in his inner thought.A.there to be B.
32、there being C.it being D.there having been,Bthere being 做介词of 的宾语，如果是介词for，则用there to be。,A convenient way is to set the food on a piece of aluminum oil,to the air for half an hour,and then cover it with a dish.A.let it stay open B.let it stayed openC.letting it stay open D.letting it stay opened,C分
33、词短语做伴随状语，形容词open在分词短语中做补语，表示状态，不用过去分词，所以D不正确。,They us willingly but that they happened to be short of hands,too.A.would help B.would have helpedC.were going to help D.must have helped,B此句是含蓄虚拟语气句，暗含的假设条件为：if they hadnt happened to be short of hands。故应选B。,Research findings show that we spend about tw
34、o hours dreaming every night,no matter what we during the day.A.should have done B.would have doneC.may have done D.must have done,Cmay have done“(不管我们白天)可能做了些什么”，符合句意。should have done“本该做(但实际未做)”;would have done表示与过去相反的假设;must have done是对已发生的情况作肯定推测。,If you are to catch a train,it is always better
35、to be comfortably early than even a fraction of a minute late.A.too B.very C.much D.rather,A句中too late相当于too late to catch the train，所以选其他词不合适。,The studies show that the driver who has consumed an amount of alcohol within the limit is likely to have an automobile accident than the driver who does no
36、t take any alcohol.A.not so B.not much C.no less D.no more,Dno morethan“不比更”。此句意为：“研究表明，喝了酒但不过量的司机可能出车祸，不喝酒的司机也同样可能出车祸。”,If someone is dying of cancer and begging to be put out of his or her misery,and someone gives that person a deadly dose of morphine,that seems merciful criminal.A.nevertheless B.
37、otherwiseC.or else D.rather than,Drather than起并列作用，使merciful与criminal形成平行结构，表示对比。,When we arrived,he found the aged and the sick at home.A.none but B.none other thanC.nothing but D.no other than,Anone but相当于no one but“只有”，通常接表示人的词;nothing but接表示物的词;none other than和no other than两者的意思都是“(不是别的)正是”，与本题全
38、句意思不。,I hope all the precautions against air pollution,are suggested by the local government,will be seriously considered here.A.as B.while C.after D.since,Aas在句中是关系代词，引导非限定性定语从句，其先行词是precautions，其他几个选项都不是关系代词，所以是错误的。,Most of is on American television are programs designed to appeal to people who go
39、 into the supermarkets and buy the products that are advertised on TV.A.which B.that C.whatever D.what,Dwhat是关系代词，引导名词性从句，同时又在从句中充当一个成分，如在本句中做从句的主语，整个名词性从句做介词of的宾语;which只能引导形容词性从句;that引导名词性从句时，只是连词;whatever用在句中不通。,To understand the situation completely requires more thought than thus far.A.has given
40、 B.was given C.being given D.has been given,D时间状语thus far“到目前为止”，与现在完成时连用，据此排除B、C。比较从句完整的结构应该是than the thought which has been given thus far，可以把than 看做关系代词在从句中做主语，也可以把主语看做是省略了。,Of great significance the nation-wide movement is the Kampuchean people in their heroic struggle against the aggression of
41、the Vietnamese.A.to support B.for supportingC.supportingD.of supporting,A题句由于主语较长，采用了倒装结构，可还原为：the nation-wide movement to support the Kampuchean people in their heroic struggle against the aggression of the Vietnamese is of great significance。movement要求不定式做定语，其他选项均不符合语法规则。,Many farmers came to the
42、city,jobs and for all the other legendary opportunities of life in the city.A.looking for B.to look forC.having looked forD.looked for,Alooking for分词短语做came的伴随状语，如果选to look for做目的状语的话，不该有逗号。,It is requested that an applicant whose undergraduate work is done at another institution two copies of under
43、graduate transcripts and degrees directly to the dean of the graduate school.A.must send B.sendC.are to send D.need send,B动词request要求其主语从句、宾语从句或同位语从句中谓语动词用(should+)原形表示虚拟。该句中that引导的是主语从句。,You her in her office last Friday;shes been out of town for two weeks.A.neednt have seenB.might have seenC.must
44、have seen D.cant have seen,Dcant have done 表示对已发生的情况作否定推测“一定不是/没”，根据句意只能选D。,After people have learned that magnets attract things,centuries passed _ they took note of the fact that magnets sometimes also repel things.A.before B.until C.after D.since,Abefore应该理解成“(几百年过去了,人们)才”;如果用after应该是after centur
45、ies passed they took note of the fact;如果用until,应该是they didnt take note of the fact thatuntil centuries passed。,He is off to Paris again tomorrow.He tells me that,with this journey,he _ there and back twenty times.A.will be B.will have beenC.will go D.will have gone,B此句意为：“他明天去巴黎,加上这次,他就去了二十次了。”根据句意,
46、应用将来完成时态。句中有back一词,故D不合适。,Many ways have been found_small and simple machine to process large and complicated machine parts.A.by using B.to use C.using D.used,Bto use,不定式短语做way的定语,只是因为定语太长,故将谓语前移,使句子避免头重脚轻。by using表示方式,做状语用;using为动名词,不能做way 的定语,way要求不定式做定语;used,无论从语法结构上还是从意义上都讲不通。,I walked down the
47、corridor,my footsteps_frighteningly through the empty deserted building.A.echoing B.echoed C.to echo D.having echoed,A分词短语做伴随状语,my footsteps与echo的关系是主动的,因此用现在分词。另外,分词做伴随状语表示与谓语动词的动作同时发生,所以用其一般式。,Apart from personal preferences,social context also affectsboth directly and indirectlythe media and the
48、media content to which you become exposed.For example,other members of the family often select media content that you _,and you become exposed to it.A.would not have selected B.should not have selectedC.must not select D.cannot have selected,A本句意为:“除了个人喜好外,社会环境也会直接或间接地影响你使用的媒体和媒体的内容。例如,家庭的其他成员常常选择的媒体内容你就未必选,可是你也得使用。”句中暗含了“如果是你,你就不会选”的意思,所以用虚拟语气合适。should not have selected表示“本不应该选”;must not select表示“一定不要选”;cannot have selected表示“一定不能选”,过于绝对。只有would not have selected 符合句意。,
