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1、Service Oriented ArchitectureSOA Workshop Starter KitSOA 101 Definitions and Key Concepts,Last Updated:July,2006,2,Copyright 2006 Accenture All Rights Reserved.,SOA Workshop Starter Kit SOA 101,3,Copyright 2006 Accenture All Rights Reserved.,Contents,SOA Key ConceptsSOA DefinitionsWeb Services and W
2、eb Services StandardsEnterprise Service Bus(ESB)Business Process Management(BPM)Business ServicesData RepresentationMessaging and RoutingData Exchange ProtocolsNetwork&Transport ProtocolsSecurity,4,Copyright 2006 Accenture All Rights Reserved.,What is a Service Oriented Architecture?,A Service-Orien
3、ted Architecture(SOA)is an architecture that creates reusable enterprise level services that are accessible through pervasive vendor neutral web-based standards.,SOA is not that different in concept than re-usable APIs that have been used for years.The biggest differences are:,SOA leverages accepted
4、 internet standards and protocols which makes services much easier to share across different platformsServices tend to be“large grained”they perform large chunks of functionalityExample:MapQuest is a large grained web service that is invoked by many retail web sites for directions to their stores,5,
5、Copyright 2006 Accenture All Rights Reserved.,Service Oriented Architecture concept,Service Oriented Architecture is an approach to distributed computing that thinks of software resources as services available on the network.SOA encompasses both a design and development technology as well as an appr
6、oach to addressing business problems.,Common business-level services are deployed and reused across the enterpriseProcess orchestration is used to assemble business services into a business process,Accenture defines a Service-Oriented Architecture(SOA)as an architecture that defines how separate bus
7、iness functions implemented by autonomous systems interoperate to execute a business process.,Services are developed once,reuse is enforced,and costly“code proliferation”is reducedFuture applications“plug-in”to existing services using standard technology;integration and connectivity efforts are redu
8、ced.,6,Copyright 2006 Accenture All Rights Reserved.,What is an SOA More Details,A Service Oriented Architecture includes the following:Collection of ServicesAn set of capabilities(common services)that can be accessed across the enterprise(and externally if desired).Example Functional Services inclu
9、de:Enrollment,Biographic Watchlist Check,Crossing History Recording,etc.Example Technical Services include:Error Handling,Message Translation,Audit Logging,Encryption,etc.Internet ServicesMapQuest,Google,FedEx package tracking,etc.Standard Web-based ProtocolsVendor neutral communication and messagin
10、g standards.Technical Infrastructure(Plumbing)Technical components that allow disparate systems to publish and access common services.The hardware and systems software required to deliver these services across the enterprise,An example representation of an SOA transformation,7,Copyright 2006 Accentu
11、re All Rights Reserved.,Key Components of an SOA,Standards DrivenCommunicationWeb Services XML,SOAP,UDDIAllows standardizedpoint-to-point communicationbetween systems throughwidely accepted open standards.,ESBEnterprise Service BusAllows a network of disparate systems to interact as one unified ente
12、rprise systemby resolving differences insystem HW,SW,networks,and location.,BPOBusiness Process OrchestrationAllows automated integrationof separate services tocreate integrated enterprise level business processes.,BAMBusiness Activity MonitoringProvides End-to-End processperformance monitoring Real
13、-time insight and controlof business.,8,Copyright 2006 Accenture All Rights Reserved.,SOA Benefits,Key benefits of a Service Oriented Architecture include:Facilitates creation of reusable“enterprise utilities”that can eliminate redundant(and often conflicting)capabilities across systemsIncreases qua
14、lity and consistency of resultsExisting functionality can be“published”as a service and more easily accessed by othersAllows“best of breed”functionality to be more easily leveraged across multiple systems and applicationsEnables migration from difficult and expensive to maintain point-to-point inter
15、facesServices help“shield”applications from changes in underlying systems and data.Provides an integrated view of data.Data is accessed through common services irrespective of where physical data is stored.Data rationalization and consolidation is also made easier once an SOA has been implementedThe
16、 use of vendor neutral standards and location neutral architecture provides increased flexibility in how solutions are architected and the ability to avoid vendor lock-inVendor products are becoming increasing SOA based.Adopting SOA positions for greater interoperability between vendor products(and
17、existing systems).,9,Copyright 2006 Accenture All Rights Reserved.,Contents,SOA Key ConceptsSOA DefinitionsWeb Services and Web Services StandardsEnterprise Service Bus(ESB)Business Process Management(BPM)Business ServicesData RepresentationMessaging and RoutingData Exchange ProtocolsNetwork&Transpo
18、rt ProtocolsSecurity,10,Copyright 2006 Accenture All Rights Reserved.,Key Web Service Standards,11,Copyright 2006 Accenture All Rights Reserved.,Additional Web Service Standards,JMS Java Messaging Service Language specific message transport standard(widely used in SOA implementations)BEEP Block Exte
19、nsible Exchange Protocol Protocol used to wrap SOAP messages to maintain connection between two parties of the transaction and ensure QoS features.WS-Inspection-Protocol for inspecting enterprise for available services(like UDDI but data is retrieved rather then published)WS-Reliable Messaging Stand
20、ard/Approach for ensuring reliable and guaranteed delivery of SOAP messages.Wraps SOAP message in non-http transport protocol.WS-Policy Standard protocol for defining security policy in Web Service calls.WS-Security is a SOAP extension that provides message integrity,message confidentiality,and sing
21、le message authentication.These mechanisms can be used to accommodate a wide variety of security models and encryption technologies.WS-Trust is an extension to WS-Security that enables the issuance,exchange and validation of security tokens and the issuance and dissemination of credentials within di
22、fferent trust domains.SAML Security Assertion Markup Language XML-based security assertion mechanism can be used across trust domains.WS-Coordination Parent standard to the WS-AutomaticTransaction and WS-Business Activity standards.Used together these standards are used to describe and provide trans
23、actional unit and rollback capabilities.WS-Manageability Standards for Web Service Management(especially in Federated Environments).Currently not widely used.,12,Copyright 2006 Accenture All Rights Reserved.,Enterprise Service Bus(ESB),An Enterprise Service Bus is an architectural approach for imple
24、menting a lightweight integration backbone within an SOA,with emphasis on Web Services Support(e.g.,XML,SOAP,WSDL).,Implementing an Enterprise Service Bus requires an integrated set of middleware services that support the following architecture styles:Use of granular re-usable services with well-def
25、ined,published and standards-compliant interfaces Use of a messaging paradigm,where applications send messages through the ESB to receiving applications Use of events,where applications generate and consume messages independently of one another Transformation of message formats between consumer and
26、provider Routing of requests to the correct service provider Conversion of transport protocols between service consumers and service providers,Key components on an ESB include:Enterprise-class messaging infrastructure Message transformation Intelligent routing Mediation(a layer that sits between ser
27、vice consumers and providers),13,Copyright 2006 Accenture All Rights Reserved.,ESB Benefits Whats new,ESB addresses the challenge in assembling,deploying,managing distributed SOAsTraditional Systems rely on a tight semantic coupling between apps,if one goes down everything follows.ESB does notESB pr
28、ovides distributed processing,standards based integration,enterprise class backbonePhysical connections are abstracted(ease of redeployment)Destination IndependenceMay include content-based routing and filtering,An ESB provides the same basic functionality as an EAI broker-connectivity,application a
29、dapters,routing of messages based on rules,and data transformation engine-in a highly distributed fashion*,(*)Dave Chappel:ESB Myth Busters:10 Enterprise Service Bus Myths Debunked,14,Copyright 2006 Accenture All Rights Reserved.,Additional Details,For additional details regarding an Enterprise Serv
30、ice Bus,refer to the SOA Workshop ESB POV document contained within this starter kit,15,Copyright 2006 Accenture All Rights Reserved.,Business Process Management(BPM)Definition,“A business process is the complete and dynamically coordinated set of collaborative and transactional activities that deli
31、ver value to customers”Business Process Management(BPM)defines,enables and manages the exchanges of business information on a basis of a process view that incorporates employees,customers,partners,applications and databasesBusiness Process Management is a set of services,tools and methodologies that
32、 provide for the explicit analysis,design,execution and monitoring and administration of automated business processes,including support for human-and application-level interaction,Definitions adapted from:“Business Process Management The 3rd Wave”:By Howard Smith and Peter Fingar.Darcy Fowkes,Resear
33、ch Practice Director,Aberdeen Group Gartner:“Business Process Management Preliminary Market Size and Forecast”,16,Copyright 2006 Accenture All Rights Reserved.,Implement a Framework to Develop,Execute and Monitor End to End Business Processes,Shifting the focus of IT implementations from data and pa
34、rtial processes to end to end business processes best allows to meet the external challenges and leverage the internal opportunities.A solid grasp of business processes enables the agile organization.,Faster implementation of new processes resulting in higher reactivity to market forces Possibility
35、to monitor and continuously improve existing business processes resulting in superior efficiency and benefits on companys margins Retaining control over the entire value chain,a key competitive advantage when outsourcing processes,helping to maintain offer/product differentiation Quantify and calcul
36、ate the ROI of IT investments and therefore diminish capital intensiveness of technology investments,17,Copyright 2006 Accenture All Rights Reserved.,Create Liberated Automation of Processes with BPM,BPM products solve the problem of embedded process logic by abstracting the integration and process
37、automation logic into a new layer of software tools.These software products liberate integration and process tasks from the underlying functional IT applications so they can be more effectively changed,managed and optimized,18,Copyright 2006 Accenture All Rights Reserved.,Additional Details,For addi
38、tional details regarding Business Process Management,refer to the SOA Workshop BPM POV document contained within this starter kit,19,Copyright 2006 Accenture All Rights Reserved.,Business Services,Business Services are a function that is well-defined,self-contained,and does not depend on the context
39、 or state of other services.With this definition we can state the following properties of a Service within a SOA:Can be reused in different and unrelated applications because it can be invoked by different clients.Performs exactly one task and has one defined set of inputs and outputs.Has an interfa
40、ce(the specification of its input,output and error-handling behavior)that is not tied to its implementation(the code and data that carry out the function).Has implementation metadata so that the identity and location of the service modules can be dynamically discovered at runtime.Modules can be move
41、d or a new version of the service can be swapped in without affecting any client,as long as the interface does not change.Has interface metadata stored in a repository that is available to various developers at development time.Has interface metadata that is also available at runtime so that interfa
42、ce attributes can be dynamically discovered.An intelligent client program or an adroit end user could generate or adjust a service request at runtime.Some interpretations of the definition require all of the following properties,while other interpretations make some of these(particularly the last th
43、ree)properties optional.,20,Copyright 2006 Accenture All Rights Reserved.,Business Services,The purpose of a service is to provide some functionality on behalf of its owner to another party who is requesting it.The party who is supplying the functionality is the producer.They are the owner of the fu
44、nctionality and therefore the service.The party who is requesting the service is the consumer.They are requesting and consuming the response.The following is a producer and consumer example:A stock quote and stock quote system.If you want a stock quote you go to stock quote system and the system pro
45、vides you with the quote you requesting.You can ask for a different quote and receive that same stock quote providing service with a different quote.In this example,the stock quote system is the producer and you are the consumer.You consume the service that the stock quote system is providing,What a
46、re Service Producers and Consumers?,21,Copyright 2006 Accenture All Rights Reserved.,Business Services,Web services are a popular way of implementing a service.They satisfy all of the mentioned properties of a service and almost all software packages support them.The most common implementation of a
47、Web service today is a SOAP envelope with XML data that travels over http.Web services use XML to tag the data,SOAP to transfer the data,WSDL for describing the services available and UDDI for listing what services are available.,What are Web Services?,22,Copyright 2006 Accenture All Rights Reserved
48、.,Business Services,Web Services Standards,XML:extensible Markup Language is an industry-standard,system-independent way of representing data.For a more detailed definition of XML see section Data RepresentationSOAP:Simple Object Access Protocol is a simple XML based protocol that defines a uniform
49、way of passing XML-encoded data.For a more detailed definition of SOAP see section Data Exchange ProtocolsWSDL:Web Services Definition Language provides a way for service providers to describe the basic format of web service requests over different protocols or encodings.WSDL is used to describe wha
50、t a web service can do,where it resides,how to invoke it and what data to pass it.,UDDI:Universal Description,Discovery and Integration service is a platform-independent framework for describing services,discovering businesses,and integrating business services by using the Internet.In more recent ye
