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1、Thinking as a Hobby,Sir William Gerald Golding(19 September 1911 19 June 1993)was a British novelist,poet,playwright and Nobel Prize for Literature laureate,best known for his novel Lord of the Flies.,He was also awarded the Booker Prize for literature in 1980 for his novel Rites of Passage,the firs
2、t book of the trilogy To the Ends of the Earth.In 2008,The Times ranked Golding third on their list of The 50 greatest British writers since 1945.,Lord of the Flies(1954),The novel was one of the great novels of the Fifties,yet in no obvious sense was it a Fifties novel;one reviewer would find in Go
3、lding a sullen distaste for the contemporary.The novel was an ironic rewriting of the Victorian boys book tradition.The original story was R.M.Ballantynes The Coral Island(1858),the story of a highly resourceful group of British boys,led by Ralph Rover,who are shipwrecked on an isolated Pacific isla
4、nd,whose lives are threatened by savages but are rescued by a missionary.,Background,A good liberal arts education must include good training in logical and critical thinking.You should play with ideas the way you play with balls.Three grades:,Grade-three thinking:was no thinking at all,but a combin
5、ation of ignorance,prejudice and hypocrisy.Most people belong to this category(according to the author).Grade-two thinking:People can detect the contradictions of grade-three thinkers beliefs.They can see their ignorance,prejudice,hypocrisy and lack of logic,which gives them great delight and satisf
6、ies their ego.,Grade-two thinking had nothing constructive to offer.It destroys without the power to create.Therefore the satisfaction it brings the thinker is limited and does not last.Grade-one thinking:People who set out to find the truth and get it.,TEXT ORGANIZATION,P1-p15 Prelude/IntroductionP
7、16-p24 Grade Three ThinkingP25-p29 Grade Two ThinkingP30-p35 Grade One Thinking,statuette,Statue，sculpture-ette意为：1）小的东西（small）例词：cigarette 2）假的东西（imitation）例词：leatherette 3）女性（female）例词：usherette,后缀 suffix,后缀是一种重要的构词法，通过后缀我们常常可以判断出一个词的词性。下面分四大类分别讲解一些常见后缀及其含义：,常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下：,一、名词后缀,常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下
8、：,二、动词后缀,1-ify意为：转为，变为（to turn into，to make or become）例词：beautify，diversify，simplify 2-ize；-en意为：使，变得（to make or become；to make into）例词：modernize，popularize，legalize，ripen，widen，heighten，threaten 3-ate意为：增加，使（give or add，make or become）例词：originate，hydrogenate，validate，differentiate,三、形容词后缀,四、副词后缀,n
9、othing but(p2):nothing except;only,His parents care nothing but his scores at school.One was a lady wearing nothing but a bath towel.,VenusIn Roman mythology,Venus was the goddess of love and beauty.【罗马神话】维纳斯：爱情和形体美的女神 In other cultures,she has a more sinister role particularly in Mayan mythology.金星
10、 According to International Astronomical Union in 2006 in Prague,Czechoslovakia,how many planets are in the solar system?,The eight planets now recognized by the IAU are:Mercury,Venus,Earth,Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus,and Neptune.Pluto was re-classified as a dwarf planet 根据2006年08月24日国际天文学联合会大会的决议：冥王
11、星被视为是太阳系的“矮行星”，不再被视为大行星。太阳系中有七颗卫星比冥王星大（月球、木卫一、木卫二、木卫三、木卫四、土卫六和海卫一）。,be in a position to do sth.:to be able to do sth.because you have the ability,power or money,你是过来人，你可以,Translate:,Translate:,A naked man,muscular gentleman,who sat,looking down,with his chin on his fist and his elbow on his knee.Rod
12、ins thinker,生活中不是没有美，而是缺少发现美的眼睛。罗丹,Auguste Rodin:a French sculptor.His most famous works:The KissThe thinker,delinquent adj.failing to perform a duty,juvenile delinquentdelinquent childrenthe problem of juvenile delinquency,if anything(P4):on the contrary,Your suggestion did not encourage him.It,if
13、anything,discouraged him.He is not known for his generosity.He is,if anything,quite miserly.,penal position：,penalty：n.处罚,罚款13 crimes that have been exempted from the death penalty are mainly economic and non-violent crimes.,adj.刑事的;刑法上的应受处罚的,writhe:,to cause to twist or contort,Translate,what the G
14、IF depicts,the cat writhes violently scratch my skin.,contemplate,contemplated the problem from all sides;contemplated the mystery of God.从各方面慎重考虑这个问题；思考关于上帝的奥秘contemplate marriage;forced by the accident to contemplate retirement.打算结婚；因意外因素而被迫打算撤退,lecture,curtain lecture(妻对夫的)枕边训话,私下训斥give readsb.a
15、lecture责备某人,训诫某人lecture at sb.口严词教训某人,训斥某人lecture to sb.给某人讲课lecture on sth 讲授，就论述,remorse,remorse for a crime 悔罪in a fit of remorse 在一阵悔恨之中without remorse毫不后悔地;无情地;不间断地,confront,I wish to confront my accuser in a court of law.The customers are confronted with a bewildering amount of choice.We must
16、confront the future with optimism,dismiss,The teacher dismissed the class five minutes earlier.老师提前5分钟下课了。He was dismissed from school.他被开除学籍。dismiss fear from ones mind消除心里的恐惧,vt.使退去;让离开;打发走将.免职;解雇;开除(学生、工人等)；不考虑;摒弃；遣散;解散,graze,This field will graze 30 head of cattle.这块地可供30头牛吃草,v.放牧,吃草,擦伤,擦过,set s
17、b/sth doing,Her last remark set me thinking a lot.the heady news of triumph.振奋人心的获胜消息,heady,confer v.(p25),1）give or grantThe president of this university will confer bachelor degree on you after you complete your four-year study here.2）consult or discussHe conferred with his lawyer on/about the inv
18、estment project.,She called on you as well as I She called on you as well as me,flag,To decline in vigor or strength:变弱，疲乏：精力或力量上减弱：My appetite flags in the hot weather.热天我的胃口不好To decline in interest:失去兴趣：The conversation flagged.谈话变得索然无味,for(ones)money,According to ones opinion,choice,or preference
19、:依照某人的意见、选择或偏好：For my money,its not worth the trouble.在我看来，不值得这样费力,give sb the third degree：,to question sb for a long time and in a thorough way；to use threat or violence to get information from sb 盘问,拷问I got home after midnight and Dad gave me the third degree,libertine,One who acts without moral
20、restraint;a dissolute person.放荡不羁的人：行动没有道德约束的人；放荡的人One who defies established religious precepts;a freethinker.我行我素的人：反对已建立的宗教诫律的人；自由思想者,make for,to cause or lead to,few and far between,in the flesh,？,aspire,vi.追求,有抱负,有雄心,立志,热望 渴求,渴望(to,after)aspire after truth 追求真理aspire after knowledge立志求知识aspire to fame 追求名誉或地位aspire to become an author 热望成为作家aspire after wealth 渴望发财,at the best of times,adv.在最有利的情况下,
