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1、,Chapter TwoTopic Sentence,I Parts of a topic sentence,Structurally,the topic sentence is composed of two parts:the topic and the controlling idea.The topic is what a paragraph is about,or what a paragraph discusses;the controlling idea is what the writer intends to communicate about the topic.In ot
2、her word,controlling idea is used to limit the topic.,II What is a good topic sentence?,A good topic sentence is neither too general nor too specific.,Example 1：In Hemingways story“Soldiers Home”，Kreb tells his mother that he wants no part of Gods Kingdom这个句子太具体以至于无东西可写，无法展开段落。Example 2：Let me tell
3、you something about overpopulation这个句子太笼统，作为一个段落的主题太大，难于驾驭。Example 3：Why has the world population been increasing so rapidly in the last decades？这个句子是个较好的主题句，作者用“the reasons for overpopulation in the last decades”，从“原因”（cause）和“时间”（time）两方面限制了主题，能在一个段落内论述。,Exercise:Examine the following topic senten
4、ces,italicize the topic and underline the controlling idea in the following sentences.:,1.When you buy a car,examine carefully the important feature of the model you are considering.2.The adolescent had three psychological problems.3.My grandparents still follow many of their national customs.4.This
5、 term several useful and interesting courses have been offered.,Key,1.When you buy a car,examine carefully the important feature of the model you are considering.2.The adolescent had three psychological problems.3.My grandparents still follow many of their national customs.4.This term several useful
6、 and interesting courses have been offered.,III Functions of topic sentences,Several points to be clear about the functions of topic sentence：1)It tells readers what the paragraph is about.2)It displays the writers viewpoint,and all details in other sentences should be around this viewpoint.3)It tel
7、ls readers what they can anticipate from this paragraph by including the controlling idea.4)Among all the sentences in the paragraph,the topic sentence is the most generalized.,*Look at the following topic sentences and decide what you can expect from each sentence?(Make topic words red,controlling
8、idea blue),Example 1 Blue jeans,now popular around the world,were developed by a German-born Jew named Levi Strauss.(From this paragraph,the reader is supposed to know how blue jeans were developed.),Example 2 Believe it or not,baseball cards are childrens hot items.,（The reader can know from the re
9、mainder of the paragraph why the writer thinks that baseball cards are childrens hot items.）,Example 3 If I had to choose between being educated with questions or being educated with statements,I would definitely choose the questions because they force the mind to think about the“whys”while statemen
10、ts are taken in by the mind without effort,but always with agreement.,（It can be certain that the writer is going to make comparison between“question”teaching and“statement”teaching.）,Example 4 Surrounded by water on three sides and ringed to the northeast by the snow-crowned Coast Mountains,Vancouv
11、er has a floating quality of natural loveliness.,（The reader expects that the writer can introduce the natural beauty in Vencouver in details.）,Example 5 Moving away from home and going to college is an experience that teaches a person how to become independent and do particular tasks on his own.,（T
12、he reader expects to be told how to become independent in college.）,Exercise1:Read each of the topic sentences below and decide the topic and the controlling idea of each of them.You are also supposed to know what the remainer of the paragraph will be about.,No one I know cooks better than my grandm
13、other.Good swimmers face several hazards in the water that nonswimmers never have to face.Large refrigerators offer a wide range of benefits.The meaning of the word“friend depends on the type of relationship between two people.In a fight with a spouse,words become weapons.,Key:,No one I know cooks b
14、etter than my grandmother.(Topic:my grandmother;controlling idea:cooking skills)Good swimmers face several hazards in the water that nonswimmers never have to face.(Topic:swimmers;controlling idea:several hazards)Large refrigerators offer a wide range of benefits.(Topic:large refrigerators;controlli
15、ng idea:benefits)The meaning of the word“friend depends on the type of relationship between two people.(Topic:the meaning of the word“friend”;controlling idea:the type of relationship between two people)In a fight with a spouse,words become weapons.(Topic:fight with a spouse;controlling idea:words a
16、s weapons),Exercise 2:Write a topic sentence that would control a paragraph on each of the following topics:,1.Preparations for traveling away from home2.Advantages of having your own room3.Some landmark of the community in which you live4.The price of long-distance telephone calls5.Registering for
17、college courses,Key,1.Preparations for traveling away from home-Preparations should be made for traveling away from home.2.Advantages of having your own room-Wherever you live,you can benefit from at least two advantages of having your own room.3.Some landmark of the community in which you live-The
18、Flood-Fighting Memorial Tower is a famous landmark in Harbin City.4.The price of long-distance telephone calls-Long-distance telephone calls can be charged according to the time you spend for dialing.5.Registering for college courses-Registering for college courses comprises the following steps.,Ass
19、ignment:Pick out the controlling ideas in these topic sentences.Many different kinds of part-time jobs are available.People try many ways to improve their looks.Students have various reasons for choosing where they want to sit in a classroom.Some holidays are more festive than others.Developing a pl
20、an for organizing a locker is important.Society is trying many different approaches to discourage people from smoking.A young person needs to learn how to become self-reliant.Parents have different ways of giving their children an education.Studying for tests calls for a methodical approach.Certain guidelines help a family to live together happily.,Key:different kindsmany waysvarious reasonsmore festiveplandifferent approachesto learndifferent waysmethodical approach.Certain guidelines,
