《职称英语辅导语法.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《职称英语辅导语法.ppt（30页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、2013年职称英语辅导-语法,英语句子结构,主谓宾、主系表、定状补主从句，疑问句，倒装句、祈使句There is a table and 4 chairs in the room.Its four oclock.It took me 4 hrs to go to Tianjin.,1.名词,1.1名词的单复数(主谓一致)1 关联结构Both and,andNot only but also,either or,neither nor,or2介词性短语Together with,along with,as well as,rather than,except,but,including,plus
2、,in addition toFollowed by,accompanied with3带有数量的名词作主语Five hundred miles _ far.Some books,some water,some book,some 5 miles4主语从句,1.名词,1.2名词的格1物主代词2有生命的：s3无生命的：of+n.,2.代词,2.1关系代词与定语从句先行词为：物人句子物、人时间名词地点名词the reason,关系代词、副词为：which,thatwho,whom,that,which whose(作定语)whenwherewhy,2.代词,2.1.2 as作为关系代词As作为关系
3、代词表示“正如”。As you know,As we expected,2.代词,2.1.3 what作为关系代词What 作为关系代词，表示：the thing(s)thatI dont know what you mean.,2.代词,2.2 不定代词：each every,neither nor either,little(less,least)a little few a few,many(more,most)much,some any,both neither,all none,no one another other the other otherssomeone,anyone,s
4、omething,anything,nothing,nobody,everybody,everything,such,3.数词,3.1基数词与序数词序数词要有theThe first,the second,the third,the fourth3.2倍数表达法Twice as much as Twice the priceReduced by 5%,4.动词,4.1动词时态4.1.1一般现在时：V（单数第三人称）,do(does)一般过去时：V-ed did将来时：will V（原形）,will do现在完成时：have V-ed,have done进行时:be V-ing,be doing
5、,4.动词,4.2动词语态(被动语态)1.构成：be+过去分词（+by+施动者）get+过去分词（系表结构）2.常用句式1）It is said(reported,believed,supposed,considered,claimed)that It is said that Mary cried at the meeting.Mary is said to have cried at the meeting.2）Keep sb.Informed of sth.get sth.Unchanged make sb.Understood go unnoticed,4.动词,4.3情态动词情态动词
6、有哪些：can,may,must,could,mightwill,shall,would,shouldought toneed，darewould rather,would sooner,would(just)as soon,had rather,had better,had sooner,may(just)as well,4.动词,4.4动词不定式1构成形式To do,to be doing,to have done,to be done,to have been done2意义（一般式的意义）具体的、一次性动作将要发生的动作,4.动词,3.用法It is difficult for us
7、to learn English well.We find it difficult to learn English well.I have no reason to refuse the invitation.In order to arrive on time,we set off early.We arrived at the station only to find the train left.To be honest,to begin with,to tell the truth等独立结构,4.动词,4.5动名词1构成形式doing,being done,having done,
8、having been done2意义(一般式)经常性、反复性动作名词化的动词 earnings,findings,surroundings,4.动词,4.6分词1.构成1）现在分词doing,being done,having done,having been done2）过去分词Done2意义（一般式的意义）1）现在分词：主动进行2）过去分词：被动完成,4.动词,3.用法Having seen the movie twice,Mary didnt want to go.Built in 1980,the bridge is very old now.If time permitting,w
9、e will continue to the next chapter.With the tree grown tall,we get more shade.,5.比较级、最高级,5.1常用结构1）同级比较结构as asTom is as tall as I.not so asTom is not so tall as I.He was not so much angry as disappointed.just so asA is to B as X is to YFood is to men as oil is to machine.,5.比较级、最高级,2）比较级比较结构adj./adv
10、.+er than Tom is taller than Jack.Tom works harder than I.The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.Nothing says more love than rose.the more the more The more the better.The more he talked,the less I understood.3）最高级 the+adj./adv.+est+范围Of all the students,Beth works hardest.,5.比较级、最高级
11、,5.2限定词、形容词修饰顺序 1very只能修饰adj./adv.原级2far,still,too,much,a lot 修饰比较级、最高级3a bit,a little,less4that，adv.Is your problem that complicated?你的问题那样复杂吗?,6.介词,1)among between2)but except besides except for but for in addition to except that,but that,in that3)within without with4)against5)beyond behind under6
12、)during when7)since for now that8)across along9)at in on+time at in on+place,7.从句与连词,连词是连接主从句的1)even if even though2)if only if suppose that supposing that provided that providing that3)in case in case of4)as if as though5)either or neither nor not only but also as well as not but or6)not until not
13、beforeWe did not start until he came.7)as ever as usual as before8)as long as so long as as far as9)unless10)so that so that such that11)once every time the moment instantly immediately directly,8.副词,therefore，consequently otherwise hardly certainly however no matter how(however)wherever whatever,9.
14、名词性从句,1种类主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句2用法that后为完整的陈述语序句whether or not(if)（原句一定为一般疑问句）I wonder whether Mary will come or not.疑问词（连词、副词、代词）（原句为特殊疑问句）What you say is correct.3特殊情况说明主语从句一般用it作形式主语It is said that Mary cried at the meeting.宾语从句常常可以省略thatWe are happy you came.同位语从句常见名词the fact that,the idea that,th
15、e evidence that,the truth that,the sign that,the proof that,10.状语从句,10.1时间状语从句when可以表示“就在那时，突然”I was watching TV when the door-bell rang.while当时候；而（表比照）；尽管It was lovely while it lasted.The soles are leather,while the uppers are canvas.While the grandparents love the children,they are strict with the
16、m.10.2原因状语从句because since as for,now that,in that,seeing that,10.3让步状语从句as if,as though,even if,even though,although,though,as(用法)10.4比较状语从句,11.语序（倒装语序）,1）地点状语开首：全倒装Here comes the bus.On the wall hangs a picture.Here you are.2）否定词，或者否定意义的词开首Nowhere,NothingNowhere is he to be seen.任何地方都见不着他。Nothing d
17、oes she look like her sister.她一点也不像她姐妹。On no account,Under no circumstances,In no caseNever,Seldom,Few,LittleNever had he been there before.他以前从未到过那里。Hardly(when),Scarcely,Rarely,BarelyHardly had he arrived when she started complaining.他刚一到,她就开始抱怨起来。,11.语序（倒装语序）,Nor,Neither,So开首He cannot find anyone
18、 now,nor does he expect to find anyone in the future;She likes dogs;so does he.Only开首Only after we finish the work can we start the dinner.,12.强调句,It is（强调除谓语、人之外的成分）that It was after Mary came that we started.It is(sb.)who It was Mary who came late.do+V.(强调谓语)Mary did come late again.,句子成分与词性关系总结,主语：名词、代词、数词、it名词短语、动词不定式、动名词短语主语从句谓语：谓语动词（时态、语态、语气、情态、主谓一致）宾语：名词、代词、数词、it名词短语、动词不定式、动名词短语宾语从句系动词：包括半系动词表语：名词、代词、形容词、副词介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词表语从句,句子成分与词性关系总结,定语形容词、副词、名词、动名词、分词、物主代词介词短语、动词不定式、分词短语定语从句状语副词介词短语、动词不定式、分词短语状语从句补语名词、形容词、副词介词短语、动词不定式、分词短语插入语前后逗号隔开,
