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1、,To Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee,Table of Contents,Harper Lees early yearsThe 1930s“Deep South”Harper Lees adult yearsCivil Rights movementWriting To Kill A Mockingbird,Harper Lees Early Years,Born Nelle Harper Lee,spring 1926Grew up in Monroeville,AlabamaYoungest of four children,Monroeville,Al
2、abama Map,Parents,Father:Amasa Coleman LeeMother:Frances Finch LeeFather:practiced law in MonroevilleFather:editor of The Monroe Journal,Childhood,PersonalityChildhood friend,Capote,Harper Lees Family,Position in the communityResponsibility for the communityAlice Lee,Alice Lee,“Alice Lee has been a
3、Rock of Gibraltar for this commission,said Armistead Harper,a 21-year member of the commission.She has guided this board with her wisdom,fairness and intelligence.When we needed proper guidance for Monroeville,we got it from Alice Lee,”Harper said.“Because of her knowledge of the historic background
4、 of Monroeville and her legal background,she could recognize problems we would face and find a fair solution.”,Father and Daughter,“It was my plan for her to become a member of our law firm but it just wasnt meant to be.She went to New York to be a writer.”Amasa Lee,1961,Peck,Single click speaker to
5、 hear audio clip,Harper Lees Adult Years,Attended Huntingdon College Attended the University of Alabama to study law,Worked for student publications Editor of Rammer-Jammer Attended Oxford University,University Years,1950-1957,Worked for Eastern Airlines in NYCPursued writing career full time in NYC
6、Wrote and submitted To Kill a Mockingbird,1957-1959,To Kill A Mockingbird manuscript rejectedResearch assistant for Truman Capotes In Cold Blood,The Writer Emerges!,Published To Kill A MockingbirdReceived Pulitzer Prize for novel,Novel Goes to the Movies,Single click speaker to hear audio clip,Did n
7、ot initially attract producersGregory Peck starred as Atticus Finch,Additional Writing,Wrote essay“LoveIn Other Words”for Vogue Wrote essay“Christmas To Me”for McCallsWrote essay“When Children Discover America”for McCalls,National Council of Arts,Named to the National Council on the Arts in 1966,Joh
8、nson,Honorary Doctorates,University of AlabamaSpring Hill CollegeSewanee:The University of the SouthUniversity of Notre Dame,1930s Statistics,Facts about the 1930s:Population:123,188,000 in 48 states Life Expectancy:Male,58:1;Female,61:6 Average annual salary:$1,368 Unemployment rises to 25%Car Sale
9、s:2,787,400 Food Prices:Milk,14 cents a qt.;Bread,9 cents a loaf Round Steak,42 cents a pound Lynchings:21,Social Order,Wealthy and educatedWorking-class whitesNonworking-class whitesAfrican Americans,Jim Crow Laws,Racial caste systemPerpetuated racism,The Deep South,Social orderJim Crow lawsSouther
10、n towns,The Deep South Map,African American Row Houses,Affluent Whites Homes,Monroeville Demographics:1930,Owner families:1,925Native white1,242Native parentage1,241Foreign or mixed parentage1Foreign-born white3Negro677Tenant families:3,927Native white1,609Native parentage1,604Foreign or mixed paren
11、tage5Foreign-born white3Negro2,311Tenure unknown459Farm families4,426Non-farm families1,885,Monroeville Demographics:1930,On March 25,1931,a freight train was stopped in Paint Rock,AlabamaNine young African American men arrested Two white women accused men of raping them on the train,Scottsboro Tria
12、l,The Scottsboro Trial v.Tom Robinsons Trial,Scottsboro:1930s eventNorthern AlabamaThe poor white status of accusers was important,Robinson:1930s eventSouthern Alabama The poor white status of Mayella was important,The Scottsboro Trial v.Tom Robinsons Trial,Scottsboro:James E.Horton,judge,over-turne
13、d the guilty jury verdict All-white juryThe jury ignored evidence that the women suffered no injuries,for example,Robinson:Atticus,lawyer,defends the African-American man All poor,white juryThe jury ignores evidence that Tom has a useless left arm,for example,Horton,Atticus and Tom,Civil Rights Move
14、ment,Influenced Harper Lee,Influence on Harper Lee,The Law and Jim CrowCivil Rights MovementEvents in Alabama,Bus boycottMontgomery,AL,Martin Luther Kingsrise to leadership,Autherine Lucytries to attendgraduate schoolUniv.of Alabama,Timeline of Events,1954:Brown v.Topeka,Kansas Board of Education ca
15、se1955:Young African American brutally murdered by whites1955:Rosa Parks and the Montgomery bus boycott,Parks,Brown v.Board Video,Single click screen to view video,Timeline of Events,1956:Autherine Lucy first African American admitted to University of Alabama 1956:Autherine Lucy forced to flee Unive
16、rsity of Alabama campus Universitys Board of Trustees barred her from campus 1957:Federal troops sent to Little Rock,Arkansas to protect nine African American students enter first integrated school,Letter from a Birmingham Jail,“An unjust law is a code that a majority inflicts on a minority that is
17、not binding on itself.This is difference made legal.On the other hand,a just law is a code that a majority compels a minority to follow that it is willing to follow itself.This is sameness made legal.”Martin Luther King,1963,Single click speaker to hear audio clip,Writing To Kill A Mockingbird,Theme
18、sViewpointCharactersMajor Conflicts,Themes,Moral nature of manInnocence to experienceHow children learn moralitySocial inequalityVulnerability of innocent,Boo Video,Single click screen to view video,Point of View,First person narrative through Scout“When he was nearly thirteen,my brother Jem got his
19、 arm badly broken at the elbow.When it healed,and Jems fears of never being able to play football were assuaged,he was seldom self-conscious about his injury.”,Single click speaker to hear audio clip,Town Intro Video,Single click screen to view video,Characters,Working-Class Whites Cunningham Family
20、,Non-Working Whites The Ewell Family,African AmericansTom Robinson,Calpurnia and Others,Middle-Class Whites The Finches,Jean Louise“Scout”Finch-The narrator and protagonist of the story,Arthur“Boo”Radley-A recluse who never sets foot outside his house,Atticus Finch-Scout and Jems father,a lawyer in
21、Maycomb,Bob Ewell-A drunken,mostly unemployed man,Calpurnia-The Finches black cook,Calpurnia is a stern disciplinarian,Jeremy Atticus“Jem”Finch-Scouts brother and constant playmate,Charles Baker“Dill”Harris-Jem and Scouts summer neighbor and friend,Aunt Alexandra-Atticus sister,a strong-willed woman
22、 with a fierce devotion to her family.Alexandra is the perfect Southern lady,Mayella Ewell-Bob Ewells abused,lonely,unhappy daughter,Tom Robinson-The black field hand accused of rape,Major Characters,Link Deas-Tom Robinsons employer,Mr.Dolphus Raymond-A wealthy white man who lives with his black mis
23、tress and mulatto children,Mr.Underwood-The publisher of Maycombs newspaper,Mr.Walter Cunningham-A poor farmer,Mrs.Henry Lafayette Dubose-An elderly,ill-tempered,racist woman who lives near the Finches,Minor Characters,Walter Cunningham-Son of Mr.Walter Cunningham and classmate of Scout,Miss Maudie
24、Atkinson-The Finches neighbor,a sharp-tongued widow,and an old friend of the family,Harper Lee v.Scout Finch,She grew up in the 1930s in a rural Southern Alabama town.Her father,Amasa Lee,is an attorney who served in the state legislature in Alabama.Her older brother and young neighbor(Truman Capote
25、)are playmates.Harper Lee is an avid reader as a child.She is six years old when the Scottsboro trials are widely covered in national,state and local newspapers.,She grew up in the 1930s in a rural Southern Alabama town.Her father,Atticus Finch,is an attorney who served in the state legislature in A
26、labama.Her older brother(Jem)and young neighbor(Dill)are playmates.Scout reads before she enters school and reads the Mobile Register newspaper in first grade.She is eight years old when the trial of Tom Robinson takes place.,Conflicts,Person versus societyPerson versus personPerson versus self,“Wha
27、t did your father see in the window,the crime of rape or the best defense to it?Why dont you tell the truth,child,didnt Bob Ewell beat you up?”Atticus Finch questioning Mayella on the witness stand,Mayella Video,Single click screen to view video,Harper Lees Style,AllusionsIdioms Colloquial Language
28、AutobiographicalSymbolism,Allusions,“nothing to fear but fear itself”,Dracula,John Wesley,Battle of Hastings,Indian-headpenny,“Let the cup pass fromyou”,StonewallJackson,Rosetta stone,Ivanhoe,Andrew Jackson,Willam JenningsBryan,Idioms,“get Miss Maudiesgoat”,“walked on eggs”,“set my teeth permanently
29、 onedge”,“break camp”,“when the chips are down”,“he had seen thelight”,“looked daggers”,“blue in the face”,“into the limelight”,Symbolism,The Mockingbird,Boo Radley,Tom Robinson,Mockingbird Video,Single click screen to view video,Colloquial Language,“Hush your mouth!Dont matter who they are,anybody
30、sets foot in this houses yo compny,and dont you let me catch you remarkin on their ways like you was so high and mighty!”Calpurnia“I scurried to my room and went to bed.Uncle Jack was a prince of a fellow not to let me down.But I never figured out how Atticus knew I was listening,and it was not unti
31、l many years later that I realized he wanted me to hear every word he said.”Scout“It aint honest but its mighty helpful to folks.Secretly,Miss Finch,Im not much of a drinker,but you see they could never,never understand that I live like I do because thats the way I want to live.”Mr.Raymond,35th Anni
32、versary of Novel,“Please spare Mockingbird an Introduction.As a reader I loathe Introductions.To novels I associate Introductions with long-gone authors and works that are brought back into print after decades of Interment“Mockingbird”has never been out of print and I am still alive It still says wh
33、at it has to say;it has managed to survive the years without preamble.”Harper Lee,Single click speaker to hear audio clip,Harper Lee:An Enigma,“But I think we can learn a lot about her by reading To Kill A Mockingbird.To think it is more autobiographical than we realize I suspect that she is Scout,t
34、hat Atticus Finch is her father,and that her dear friend Truman Capote is Dill.That is probably all she wants us to know,and all we need to know.”Judith Handschuh,In Conclusion:Harper Lees Legacy,To Kill a Mockingbird Gives us new appreciation for our childhood experiences Shows us how ones sense of right and wrong is learned Allows us to experience destructiveness of hatred in society,Click Here for Interactive Whiteboards You Can Afford,
