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1、非谓语动词之分词,指出下列分词在句中充当什么成分1.a running man,a walking boy,developing countries,developed countries,falling leaves,fallen leaves 2.I heard the girl singing in the classroom.I often heard the song sung by her.3.The programme for the weekend looks exciting.I am very excited about it.4.Seeing his mother,the
2、 baby stopped crying.Seen from the space,the earth looks blue.,状,宾补,表,定,语态,时态,分词的时态和语态,doing,being done,having done,having been done,过去分词只有一种形式，即_,done,1.分词作定语1).The building _(正在建的)now is for the teachers.The building _(去年建好了的)last year is for the teachers.The building _(明年将建的)next year is for the
3、teachers.2).I have never seen a more _(感人的)movie.,being built,built,to be built,moving,考点一：分词的功能,3)._(沸腾的水)water;_(烧开过的水)water _(正在下落的叶子)leaves;_(已经落下的叶子)leaves小结：当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用_；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时，用_；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表完成时，用_；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表将来时，用_；不及物动词的现在分词表示_，过去分词表示_。,boiling,boil
4、ed,falling,fallen,doing,being done,done,to be done,正在进行,已经完成,题组训练：Do you know the boy _(lie)under the big tree?Many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth,_(believe)to be flat.The speech which he made _(concern)the football match bored a lot of fans to death.If the building projec
5、t _(complete)by the end of this month is delayed,the construction company will be fined.,lying,believed,concerning,to be completed,2.分词作表语1).This is a most _ story and we all feel _ by it(move).2).He proves to be a _ boy and his parents are both _ with him.(disappoint)3).His _(excite)look on his fac
6、e suggested that he won the game.小结：分词作表语表主语特征或性质相当于形容词，现在分词作表语主语多为_，意思是_；过去分词作表语主语多为_，意思是_。,moving,moved,disappointing,disappointed,excited,物,令人的,人或表情,感到的,3.分词作宾补1).I heard her _(sing)an English song just now.I heard her _(sing)an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.I heard an English
7、song _(sing)by a little girl when I passed by her room yesterday.I often heard the English song _(sing)by the little girl.,sing,singing,being sung,sung,小结1)：现在分词作宾补，表_；过去分词作宾补，表_或_；不定式作宾补表_；表被动且正在进行时，用_作宾补。,主动，正在进行,被动，完成,没有一定的时间性,主动，完成,being done,2).I looked down at my neck and found my necklace _(g
8、o).I was surprised to find my hometown _(change)so much.小结2)：不及物动词的过去分词作宾补，只表_或_。,gone,changed,状态完成,3）I smell something _ in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute?（2007全国卷I）A.burning B.burnt C.being burnt D.to be burntAfter a knock at the door,the child heard his mothers voice _ him.（2007上海卷）A
9、.calling B.called C.being called D.to call,A,A,小结3）：能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词有：“三让、三看、两听、一注意、一发现、一感觉”。三让:_;三看:_;两听:_;一注意:_;一发现:_;一感觉:_。,have,keep,leave,look at,see,watch,hear,listen to,notice,find,feel,题组训练;At the moment I saw him _(cross)the road.I was glad to see the children well _(take)care of.A cook wi
10、ll be immediately fired if he is found _(smoke)in the kitchen.,crossing,taken,smoking,4.分词作状语1.作时间状语-ing短语作时间状语要置于句首。1）When they heard the bad news,they couldnt help crying.=(When)_ the bad news,they couldnt help crying.2)After I had received his letter,I decided to write back.=_ his letter,I decide
11、d to write back.,Hearing,Having received,2.作原因状语-ing短语作原因状语置于句首。1)Because he was so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.=_so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.2)Because(As)he had been to the Great Wall many times,he didnt go last week.=_the Great Wall many times,he didnt go last week.,Being,Having been to,3.作条件
12、状语-ing作条件状语置于句首或句末。如：1)If you work hard,you will succeed.=_,you will succeed.2)If they had been given more attention,the trees could have grown better.=_,the trees could have grown better.,Working hard,Being given more attention,4.作让步状语-ing短语作让步状语，可置于句首或 句末，常与even if,though 连用。如：,Although his father
13、 worked from morning till night,he didnt get enough food.=_ from morning till night,his father didnt get enough food.,Though working,_(尽管被告知了很多遍),the naughty boy made the same mistake.,Having been told many times,5.作伴随状语置于句首或句末。如：They sang and laughed;they came into the classroom.=They came into the
14、 classroom,_.,singing and laughing,When working in the factory,he was an advanced worker.=When he worked in the factory,he was an advanced worker.,注意：1.-ing短语与when,while,though,until,if等连词连用时，相当于这些连词引导的一个从句。如：,2.动词-ing形式在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。如：,听到这个消息，她的眼泪哗哗流下来,_,tears ran down her face.,_,she cri
15、ed out sadly.,When she heard the news,Hearing the news,Being fine,we will have the sports meeting next week.It being fine,we will have the sports meeting next week.,天气好的话，我们下周举行运动会。,1).Hearing the bad news,they couldnt help crying.表（）_,they couldnt help crying.Seen from the space,the earth looks blu
16、e.=_,the earth looks blue.,When they heard the bad news,When it is seen from the space,时间,2).Being so angry,he couldnt go to sleep.表（）=_,he couldnt go to sleep.Deeply moved by the story,the children began to cry.=_,the children began to cry.,原因,Because he was so angry,As they were deeply moved by th
17、e story,3).Working hard,you will succeed.表（）=_,you will succeed.Given another chance,I will do it better.=_,I will do it better.,条件,If you work hard,If I am given another chance,4).Though working from morning till night,his father didnt get enough food.表（）=_,his father didnt get enough food.Beaten b
18、y the enemy,he refused to let out the secret.=_,he refused to let out the secret.,让步,Though his father worked from morning till night,Although he was beaten by the enemy,5).They came into the classroom,singing and laughing.表（）=They came into the classroom,_.She walked out of the house,followed by he
19、r little daughter.=She walked out of the house,_.,伴随,and they sang and laughed,and was followed by her little daughter,6).The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay.表（）=The bus was held up by the snowstorm,_.小结：分词作状语相当于一个对应的_，可以表时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与_一致。,结果,so it caused the
20、delay,状语从句,句子的主语,_(repair),the road cant be taken._(hear)the encouraging news,she couldnt help dancing._(not receive)his reply,she decided to write another letter._(warn)many times,he didnt dare to go out alone at night._(keep)in refrigerator,vegetables will remain fresh.,考点二:分词作状语形式的选择,Being repair
21、ed,Hearing,Not having received,Having been warned,Kept,小结：分词的五种形式作状语，用法各不相同。与句中主语构成主谓关系，且与句中谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生时，用_；与句中主语构成主谓关系，且先于谓语动作发生时，用_；与句中主语构成动宾关系，没有一定的时间性，用_；与句中主语构成动宾关系，且与谓语动作同时发生，用_；与句中主语构成动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生，用_。,doing,having done,done,being done,having been done,题组训练_ many times,she still cant remem
22、ber it.A.Had told B.Having been told C.Having told D.Being told_ full preparations,we decided to put off the meeting till next week.We did not make B.Having not made C.We had not made D.Not having made,B,D,Written in a hurry,_.Peter made many mistakes in the paper B.there are many mistakes in the pa
23、perC.we found some mistakes in the paper D.the paper is full of mistakes,D,Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year,_ a recorder US$57.65 a barrel on April 4.（2005山东卷）A.have reached B.reaching C.to reach D.to be reaching_the programme,they have to stay there for another two we
24、eks.(2004广东卷)A.Not completing B.Not completed C.Not having completed D.Having not completed,B,C,必背短语:Generally speaking 一般说来Frankly speaking 坦白地说Judging from/by 根据来判断Considering/takinginto consideration 考虑到 Supposing 假使,如果Seeing 考虑到 Providing 如果Saving 除了,除非 Assuming 假使 Admitting 虽说,即使 Given 如果Provid
25、ed that 如果Compared to/with 与相比,考点三：独立成分作状语,题组训练_(judge)from previous experience,he will be late._(judge)by the local official,this group ranked first._(take)his health into consideration,he has to be sent to hospital at once.His health _(take)into consideration,he has to be sent to hospital at once.
26、,Judging,Judged,Taking,taken,独立主格结构,考点四：,独立主格结构是一个独立主格的名词或代词（作为逻辑主语）加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式或介词短语，其作用相当于状语从句，多用来表示行为方式或者伴随情况，有时也用来表示时间、原因和条件。这种结构多用于书面语中。,1表示时间：_(春天来了),the trees turned green._（会议结束了）,we left the room.,Spring coming on,The meeting(being)over,2表示原因：_（是星期天）,the library was closed._（没有车啦）,we h
27、ad to walk home.3表示条件：_（时间允许的话）,well visit the Summer Palace.,It being Sunday,There being no buses,Time permitting,4表示伴随情况或补充说明：The children were making a snowman,_(手通红)with the cold.I have bought a new coat,_（旧的破啦）.,hands red,the old one being worn out,独立主格结构的形式：名词或代词+分词（doingdone)1)._(天气许可的话),well
28、 go sightseeing.2)._(综合考虑),her paper is of greater value than yours.,Weather permitting,All things considered,独立主格结构的形式：名词或代词+不定式_（明天要进行考试）,I couldnt go to the cinema tonight.不定式在独立主格结构中多表示将来的行为，表示“企图”“约定”等，指的是按计划安排要做的事。,The exam to be held tomorrow,名词或代词+形容词副词 1).He entered the room,_(鼻子因为冷而冻得通红).2
29、)._(课程结束啦),we went to play football.,his nose(being)red with cold,Our lessons(being)over,名词或代词+介词短语1).The children came running towards us,_（手里拿着花）.2).Last night I followed him here,and climbed in,_（剑在手）.,with flowers in their hands,sword in hand,=with a sword in my hand,名词或代词+名词He fought against th
30、e robber,_(拐杖是唯一的武器)表示存在时，也可以构成独立主格结构1)._（没有理由害怕）,he returned to his hometown.,a stick his only weapon.,There being no cause for fear,1with+名词（或代词）+现在分词 He fell asleep with the lamp burning.With winter coming on,its time to buy warm clothes.2with+名词（或代词）+过去分词 All the afternoon he worked with the doo
31、r locked.With the work finished,all of us went out for a walk.,介词+复合宾语（介词+宾语+宾补）with(without like)复合结构,3with+名词（或代词）+动词不定式 I cant go out with all these dishes to wash.With so many books to read,I couldnt go out with you,4with+名词（或代词）+介词短语 He walked along with his hat on the back of his head.He simpl
32、y stared at her with that peculiar expression on his face.,5with+名词（或代词）+形容词 The man was sleeping with the window open.The mother doesnt allow her child to talk with his mouth full.6with+名词（或代词）+副词 With John away,weve got more room.,The student listened to his teacher with his head down.With the tea
33、cher there,he cant write.without like+复合宾语 Without a word more spoken,he left the room.The old pine tree still stood there like an umbrella covering the entrance.,二、功能：,1作状语 表示伴随情况、原因、条件、时间或补充说明：The day is bright,with a fresh breeze blowing.With three people away ill,well have to close the office th
34、is afternoon.What a lonely world it would be with you away.2作定语（with相当于having,该结构可改成带有have的定语从句）The new building with its windows facing south is our office.,Some were poor,with not even a raincoat to protect them from the weather.The young man wore a shirt with the neck open,showing his bare chest.
35、,1.The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft,the most recent _at the end of last March.（07山东卷）Ahas been launched Bhaving been launched Cbeing launched Dto be launched 2.Come on,please give me some ideas about the project.Sorry.With so much work _ my mind,I almost break down.（07福建卷）A.
36、filled B.filling C.to fill D.being filled,B,B,3.John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work _,he gladly accepted it.（2007安徽卷）A.finished B.finishing C.having finished D.was finished4.The children went home from the grammar school,their lessons _ for the day.（2007重庆卷）A.finishing B.finished
37、 C.had finished D.were finished,A,B,小结:非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和主句主语一致.但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句中作状语,我们称之为独立主格结构.题组训练The test _(finish),we began our holiday.Weather _(permit),we are going to visit you tomorrow._(be)Sunday,we have no classes._(be)no buses,we had to walk home.,finished,permitting,It being,There being,
