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1、Unit 3 Tomorrows world,Grammar and usage,be+past participle,The passive voice,be,+done,am/is/are,am/is/are+being,shall/will+be,have/has+been,be,+done,was/were,would+be,had been,was/were+being,Change the following sentences into the passive voice:,1.All of us like her.,2.We are discussing the questio
2、n.,3.We have put off the meeting.,4.I will develop my picture next week.,She is liked by all of us.,The question is being discussed.,The meeting has been put off.,My picture will be developed next week.,被动语态的各种句型：,1。单宾语结构。,Our English teacher often uses a tape-recorder in teaching English.,A tape-re
3、corder is often used(by our English teacher)in teaching English.,The villagers gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.,The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the villagers.,A warm welcome was given to the foreign guests by the villagers.,2。双宾语结构。,3.复合宾语结构。,They heard someone singing in the
4、next room.,object,Object complement,Someone was heard singing in the next room.,在主动语态中，有些使役动词和感观动词后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。但在被动语态中，要改为带to的不定式作主语补足语。如：make,let,have,see,hear,watch,notice,observe,listen to,look at等。,They saw the boy fall from the tree.,The boy was seen to fall from the tree.,4。短语动词结构。相当于及物动词的
5、短语动词也可以有被动语态。如：look after,give up,take care of,pay attention to,make use of,put off,wake up,put out，hand in 等。,The children must be taken care of.,The big fire has been put out.,保留介词,take care of,pay attention to,set fire to,make use of,take hold of 等词组内含有名词的词组，有两种变化：其一，将其看作一个词，将其后的连带成份作为述说的对象：The p
6、atient must be taken good care of.或者将该词组内部的名词作为述说对象：Good care must be taken of the patient.在这种情况下多数采用上一句英文的说法。请变化下面句子：,1.You should pay more attention to your reading.2.Someone had set fire to the house.3.We must make full use of these natural resources.4.You can take notice of the key words when re
7、ading.,It is said that It is reported thatIt is hoped that It is well known that It is believed that It is proved thatIt is thought that,3.在一些固定句型中常用被动语态。如：,Subject+passive verb+to infinitive,有些情况下动词的主动形式也可以表示被动意义。,一、表示“开始”；“结束”类的动词。常见的这类动词有begin,start,open,close,end,finish,stop等。例如：,School begins i
8、n September.The stores in this area open later at weekends than at weekdays.,二、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的动词。常见的这类动词有write,read,wear,wash,clean,sell,run,cut,break,measure,lock,open等。这些动词常与副词或否定词连用。例如：,This kind of cloth washes well.,This pen writes smoothly.,This hall measures 100 metres long and 60 metres w
9、ide.,The machine runs well.,The door wont lock.,三、表示主语状态特征的连系动词：look,feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,appear等。例如：,Do you like the material?Yes,it _ very soft.A.is feeling B.felt C.feels D.is felt,C,Your idea sounds reasonable.What he said proved to be correct.,四、动名词主动形式表示被动意义,1.在need,require,want(需要)等动词
10、后接动名词表示被动意义，相当于不定式的被动式。例如：,Youve come just in time to help us.Fine,what requires doing?(=Fine,what requires to be done?)This sentence needs _.A.an improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved,C,2.be worth 后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。,His suggestion is not worth considering.,五、动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义,1.作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词或代
11、词有逻辑上的动宾关系，且句子的主语或间接宾语与该不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系时。,Please give me something to eat.I have a lot of work to do today.,(间接宾语me是to eat的逻辑主语),(主语I是to do的逻辑主语),2.在形容词后作状语用的不定式，与句中主语构成动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。,(to work our与主语有动宾关系),(to deal with与主
12、语有动宾关系),This problem is difficult to work out.That man is difficult to deal with.,被动语态与系表结构：,被动语态表示动作，句子主语是该动作的承受者，过去分词表示动作；而系表结构表示状态，说明主语的特点或所处的状态。,The long novel was written by Mr.Luxun in the 1920s.,The long novel is well written,isnt it?,The glass was broken by his little son yesterday.,Look,the
13、 glass is broken!Who broke it?,被动语态,被动语态,系表结构,系表结构,Feedback:,Choose the best answers:,-Is Bob still performing?-Im afraid not.He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official.to have left B.to leaveC.to have been left D.to be left,2.-Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to N
14、ew York?-I agree,but the problem is _ he has refused to.will not be sent;that not be sent;thatC.should not be sent;what D.should not send;what,3.Millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.A.has been caused B.had been causedC.will be caused D.wi
15、ll have been caused4.Much attention should _ the rapid increase in the number of cars on the roads,which may_ traffic jams and more accidents.A.pay to;result in B.be paid;result fromC.be paid to;result in D.be paid;result from,5.She is very shy and she is not used to _ in front of others.A.praise B.
16、praisingC.being praised D.be praised6.-What did the students think of the speech made by the lecturer yesterday?-To tell you the truth,the students were all _ with the _speech.A.boring;boring B.boring;boredC.bored;bored D.bored;boring,7.My sister _ a good chance to go abroad for further education.A.
17、offered B.was offeringC.has offered D.was offered8.Today many young people enjoy chatting on the net,but their sentences _.never read B.are never readC.werent read D.didnt read,9.Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution,but sky is still not clear.A.is used B.are usedC.Have used D.has been used10.-George and Lucy got married last week.Did you go to their wedding?-No.I _.Did they have a big wedding?Was not invited B.have not been invitedC.hadnt been invited D.didnt invite,
