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1、Notes on Descriptive Writing,In this unit you will learn:Types of descriptive wordsTwo types of descriptionHow to write a descriptive sentenceOrganizational patterns for paragraphsTips for Writing Description,Notes on Descriptive Writing,Notes on Descriptive Writing,Think of descriptive writing as“w
2、riting that shows rather than tells.”,Types of Descriptive Words,Concrete Words Polysymbolic Words Emotionally-impacted Words Figures of Speech,Concrete Words,Words that stimulate an impression of one of the five senses,Types of Descriptive Words,Words that stimulate multiple impressions of the five
3、 senses,Types of Descriptive Words,Polysymbolic Words,Concrete and/or polysymbolic words that also carry significant emotional value(s),Types of Descriptive Words,Emotionally-impacted Words,Imaginative comparisons,Object A,Types of Descriptive Words,Figures of Speech,Object B,Imaginative comparisons
4、,Object A,Types of Descriptive Words,Figures of Speech,Object B,!,?,Imaginative comparisons,similes metaphors personification anthropomorphism synecdoche,Types of Descriptive Words,Figures of Speech,An indirect comparison using“like”or“as”,Types of Descriptive Words,Similes,A direct comparison sugge
5、sting a complete transformation of Object A into Object B,Types of Descriptive Words,Metaphors,Simple metaphorCollapsed metaphorAbstract metaphorInverted metaphorFunctional metaphor,Types of Descriptive Words,Types of Metaphors,Simple metaphorJohn is a fox.,Types of Descriptive Words,Types of Metaph
6、ors,2.Collapsed metaphorJohn,the fox,Types of Descriptive Words,Types of Metaphors,3.Abstract metaphor_,“fox”,Types of Descriptive Words,Types of Metaphors,4.Inverted metaphorfoxy John,Types of Descriptive Words,Types of Metaphors,5.Functional metaphor“That John!He sure outfoxed me!”,Types of Descri
7、ptive Words,Types of Metaphors,Attributing life-like qualities to inanimate objects/subjects,Types of Descriptive Words,Personification,Attributing specific human-like qualities to inanimate objects/subjects,Types of Descriptive Words,Anthropomorphism,Referencing a part of one object to compare that
8、 object with another,Types of Descriptive Words,Synecdoche,Problems with Figures of Speech,A Sample ParagraphCool water flows through the rocky banks of the creek and into a wide pond.Reeds and cattails surrounding the bank embrace the pond like a mothers enfolding arms reaching out to caress her sl
9、eeping child.Like a beaming proud mothers eye,the sun drenches the scene with its loving warmth.Just beneath the sparkling surface of the water,minnows shoot from rock to rock like silver darts thrust like scattershot by some unseen hand.,Problems with Figures of Speech,A Sample ParagraphCool water
10、flows through the rocky banks of the creek and into a wide pond.Reeds and cattails surrounding the bank embrace the pond like a mothers enfolding arms reaching out to caress her sleeping child.Like a beaming proud mothers eye,the sun drenches the scene with its loving warmth.Just beneath the sparkli
11、ng surface of the water,minnows shoot from rock to rock like silver darts thrust like scattershot by some unseen hand.,Problems with Figures of Speech,A Sample ParagraphCool water flows through the rocky banks of the creek and into a wide pond.Reeds and cattails surround the bank.The sun drenches th
12、e scene with its warmth.Just beneath the sparkling surface of the water,like silver darts,minnows shoot from rock to rock.,Objective Description Subjective Description,Two Types of Description,Two Types of Description,Objective Description,“technical description”,Concrete WordsPolysymbolic Words,Two
13、 Types of Description,Objective Description,“personal description”,Two Types of Description,Subjective Description,Concrete WordsPolysymbolic WordsEmotionally-Impacted WordsFigures of Speech,Two Types of Description,Subjective Description,Writing the Descriptive Sentence,The descriptive sentence is
14、always an abstraction with specific details.The descriptive sentence always focuses on the subject or the predicate.The descriptive sentence supports an objectiveone part of the paragraph or another.,The descriptive sentence is always an abstraction with specific details.,Descriptive sentences never
15、 present all the images;each sentence creates a limited picture.,Writing the Descriptive Sentence,The descriptive sentence always focuses on the subject or the predicate.,Subject-Predicate,Writing the Descriptive Sentence,The descriptive sentence always focuses on the subject or the predicate.,Subje
16、ct Noun Verb Object Nouns,Who?What?Where?When?How?,Writing the Descriptive Sentence,The descriptive sentence supports an objectiveone part of the paragraph or another.,Clarifies the main idea of the topic sentenceClarifies primary developmentClarifies secondary development,Writing the Descriptive Se
17、ntence,A sample descriptive sentence:The blue-grey laptop computer,perched on the parquet-laminated kitchen table,cluttered with books and papers,displays the PowerPoint abstract backgroundsoftly blended graphics that fade into white,punctuated with stiff,black letters.,Writing the Descriptive Sente
18、nce,A better descriptive sentence:On its two back legs,the blue-grey laptop computer perched on the parquet-laminated kitchen table.(subjective description),Writing the Descriptive Sentence,An alternative descriptive sentence:Raised on back legs,the blue-grey laptop computer was set on the parquet-l
19、aminated kitchen table.(objective description),Writing the Descriptive Sentence,Basic Patterns for Organizing Effective Description,Directional Organization Spatial Organization Psychological Organization,Directional Organization,Order of the CompassLinearChronologicalSequential,Basic Patterns for O
20、rganizing Effective Description,Spatial Organization,General to Specific/Specific to GeneralSmall to Large/Large to SmallFront to Back/Back to FrontInside to Outside/Outside to Inside,Basic Patterns for Organizing Effective Description,Psychological Organization,Most important to least importantLeas
21、t important to most importantAssociative(familiarity)Non-associative(random),Basic Patterns for Organizing Effective Description,Facing east,the house rests atop two acres of farmland.The gated drive begins at the highway and winds in a gentle“S”across the grassy front lawn and ends at the garage to
22、 the left of the main house.Behind the house stretches freshly plowed ground,rows ranging from left to right.A line of oaks crowns the crest of the property.,Sample Paragraph#1,Sample Paragraph#2,Resting deeply back in his chair,his feet crossed on the corner of his desk,Dr.Marsh is fast asleep.The
23、few silver-grey strands of hair sweep back from his receding hairline.His lips sealed loosely,his wide chin rests comfortably over his neck.A pair of black reading glasses dangle on the end of his nose.His chest rises and falls as he snores softly in a slow rhythm.His pulpy hands are folded in his l
24、ap over a brown folder of loose pages.,Tips for Descriptive Writing,Focus the descriptive words on the subject or predicate.Dont overwork the detail.Arrange descriptive sentences consistently,following an organizational plan.Keep descriptive detail objective in business communications.Use description along with other developmental patterns.,
