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1、Lecture 8 English Letters,书信是应用文主要考试题型,包括自荐信、邀请信、投诉信、感谢信、介绍信、说明书、推荐信、求职信、祝贺信等。如2001年6月（写一封信给一位校友，对度假安排提出建议）以及2002年1月（要求就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信）。书信写作格式非常重要，格式不正确往往是很多考生失分的主要原因。,一封正式的英文书信通常包括下面几个组成部分：信头(Heading)、信内地址(Inside Address)、称呼(Salutation)、正文(Body)、结束语(Complimentary Close)、签名(Signature)、附件(Enclosure)、
2、副本转送(Carbon Copies)、再启(Postscript)等。,英文书信的组成部分,一般包括写信人的地址和写信日期。一些正式信函的信头还包括写信人或单位的电话号码、传真和邮政编码等。西方国家中有些信头甚至还有单位负责人的姓名、职务和职称。信头的目的是使收信人一看便知道书信来自何处，何时发出，便于复信和查阅。写信头时，先写发信人的地址，然后写其他项目和发信日期。具体次序是：第一行写门牌号和街名；第二行写区名、市、省、国家名；国家名前加上邮政编码，国家名称后面可以加上电话号码，最后一行写发信日期。,信头,Foreign Languages DepartmentCollege of For
3、eign LanguagesBeijing UniversityBeijing,100044Peoples Republic of ChinaTel:86-010-51688719Aug.20,2009(美式),579 Qianwangang Road Huangdao,Qingdao,Shandong Peoples Republic of China 20 Aug.,2009(英式),并列式,斜列式,信内地址即收信人的姓名和地址，它要写在信纸的左上角，低于写信人地址和发信日期一两行写。其书写顺序是，先写收信人姓名、头衔和单位名称，占一二行，然后写地址，可占二至四行。,信内地址,Mr.Wil
4、liam Wood81 Fifth StreetWashington D.C.10038U.S.A.,Mr.William Wood 81 Fifth Street Washington D.C.10038 U.S.A.,并列式,斜列式,Junior Class 1Dept.of EducationShandong UniversityNo.579 Qianwan RoadQingdao,266000Apr.6,2008,信头寄信人的地址和日期,Zhiyuan Middle School,No.579 Qianwan RoadQingdao,266000,信内地址收信人地址,Dear Mr.W
5、ang,称呼,Learning from Mr.Zhou,a teacher in,正文每段开头右缩进约五个字母,Sincerely yours,Li Wei,结束语及签名正文下一、二行处,Encl:Personal Resume,关于称呼,不认识的人：Dear Sir/Madam认识但不熟悉的人：Dear Mr./Mrs./Ms./Dr./Prof.Smith朋友：Dear Mary,关于结束语,写给机关、团体或不认识的人：Yours truly,Truly yours,Yours faithfully,Yours sincerely写给长者或上级：Yours respectfully,Re
6、spectfully yours,Yours obediently 朋友或亲戚：Yours,Ever yours,Yours ever,Yours affectionately,Lovingly yours,(Much)Love,With Love,Your devoted friend,信件常用称呼和落款用法,附件信件若有附件，应在左下角注明Encl.或Enc.。若多个附件，则应写Encls.副本转送信件若有副本转送，应在左下角注明CC.再启再启部分用来补充正文中遗漏的话，一般应尽量少用，正式的文件中更应避免使用。如果有可用P.S.补叙,并列式/齐头式/正排式 这种格式的要领：每个要素都从左
7、边开始排列，每一行都不向右缩进，因而 整封信的左边成一垂直线，右边参差不齐，单倍行距，段与段之间要空一行。这种格式在商务英语信函中是目前最为流行的英文书信格式。,Your NameAdressPhoneDateRe:To what this letter refersCERTIFIED MAILPERSONALRecipients NameCompany NameAddressAttention Recipients NameDear*,BodySincerely,SignitureEncl:cc:,信封的写法,Wang HaiboDepartment of EnvironmentHefei
8、University of TechnologyHefei,230009Anhui,China,寄信人姓名地址,寄件人姓名地址,Dr.William Jones,收件人姓名,University of PittsburghPittsburgh 15213,收件人地址,英文书信的基本原则 英文书信的书写可概括为7个C原则：Completeness（完整）,Clarity（清楚）,Concreteness（具体）,Conciseness（简明）,Correctness（正确）,Courtesy（谦恭）,Consideration（谅解）。,1.完整 一封完整的书信，有助于建立和表达友善关系，可以避
9、免由于疏漏所导致的诉讼；一封书信写得是否完整，建议用5个W来检验。例如在定货信中，必须明确说明：（1）需要什么商品（What you want）；（2）何时需要（When you need the goods）；（3）货物发到何地何人收（to Whom and Where the goods to be sent）；（4）如何付款（How payment will be made）；（5）为什么（Why）；如拒绝对方的要求，或对对方提出要求时应说明理由,2.清楚 清楚是指写信者必须将所需传递的信息表达清楚，以免对方产生误解。例如：原句：I am writing to apply for adm
10、ission to your university.改为：I am writing to apply for admission to the graduate school of your university in the spring of 2009.,3.具体 书信中的具体原则指信要写得具体明确。特别是答复对方要求的信，一定要具体，如对电报、电传的日期、号码等要交代清楚。例如：原句：We wish to confirm our telegram yesterday.改为：We confirm our telegram of March 18.,4.简洁 书信应行文流畅、言简意赅，避免冗
11、长。例如：原句：We wish to acknowledge receipt of your letter改为：We apprciate your letter,5.正确 英文书信中，除了避免语法、拼写、标点错误外，所引用的史料、数据等也应准确无误。,6.谦恭 语言要有礼且谦虚，及时回信也是礼貌的表现。,7.谅解 写信时要处处从对方的角度考虑有什么需求，而不是从自身出发，语气上更尊重对方。例如：原句：We wont be able to sent you our latest catelog this month.改为：We will sent you our latest catelog n
12、ext monty.,特殊信函（1）投诉信,开头段：说明与收信人的相关性，并标明写作意图。主体段：写明投诉的原因，要展开说明。可以说具体理由，也可以说问题的具体体现方式。此外，提出你对如何改进或解决问题的建议，清楚地表明你希望问题如何得到解决。结尾段：表达你希望上述问题得到迅速解决的强烈愿望，并对有关人员作出的努力表示感谢，希望尽快得到满意的答复。,特殊信函（1）投诉信,Dear*,_.Now I am writing to complain about _._.But I am completely disappointed at what I experienced there.First
13、ly,_.Moreover,_.Worse of all,_.I believe _.It is not properly settled,I would complain to the Consumers Association.At the same time,I sincerely hope that _.I would be glad to see _ and I look forward to a day when _.,句型：I am writing to you to complain about To improve this situation,it is advisable
14、 to take the following measure.For one thing.For another,I do hope that the problems will be solved as soon as possible.,特殊信函（2）求职信,开头段：说明信息来源，并说明写作意图。主体段：介绍相关工作经历、学习经历及个人本性，以表明你可以胜任这个职位。结尾段：表示强烈的期盼，并希望尽快得到答复。,特殊信函（2）求职信,Dear Sir or Madam,I wish to apply for the position for _ that you advertised in
15、 _.I am a student _,and I feel that my qualifications and work experience make me a suitable candidate for the job,_.I have a fair mastery of _.As for experience,_.Therefore,I am confident that _.Incidentally,could you please inform me of _?I hope _.I can be reached at _.Thank you for considering my
16、 application again.I am looking forward to your reply and eventually,meeting you.,句型：I have read your advertisement in(刊物名)of(时间)for a secretary,and should be grateful if you consider me as a candidate for the position.I shall be pleased to furnish you with any further information concerning my educ
17、ation and work experience.,特殊信函（3）询问信,开头段：说明写作意图，说明写这封信的目的是寻求什么样的信息或帮助。主体段：询问具体问题，强调所需信息的重要性。结尾段：表达获取信息的强烈期盼，提供联系方法以供收信人与你联系。并对有关人员表示感谢。,特殊信函（3）询问信,Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing in the hope that_.I am a student majoring for _,who_.I am longing to join a club or community because _.Furthermore,_.In
18、my spare time,_.Specifically,I would like to _.If possible,I would like to _.I would be much obliged to you if _.And I am looking forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.,句型：I would like to inquire about some information onI shall be grateful if you could have details concerningI a
19、m looking forward to a favorable reply at your earliest convenience.,道歉信句型,I must apologize to you forPlease accept my sincere apology for once more.,感谢信句型,I am thankful to your for your unselfish assistance duringMy appreciation to you for your generous help is beyond my words.I wish I could repay
20、it someday.,邀请信句型,I am pleased to invite your to participate in to be held formtoinI am looking forward to your reply,and eventually seeing you.,求学信句型,I wish to apply to admission to your department as a postgraduate student.It would be appreciative of you if you could send me some relevant informat
21、ion at your earliest convenience.,推荐信句型,I am very glad to recommend to you a student of mine,Mr./Miss,to be an ideal candidate for If any further information about him/her is required,please let me know.,A Request for Studying Abroad,Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing in the hope that I may obtain an op
22、portunity to pursue my study in mathematics toward master degree in your university.My name is Wang Fri,an undergraduate student of the Department of Science,Shandong University.Next year in the summer,I will graduate and get my BS degree,I chose Princeton University because it is one of the most ou
23、tstanding universities in the world,especially in the field of mathematics.Under the instructions of first-class professors and in an intense academic atmosphere,I can get access to a lot of profound knowledge and bring my potential into full play.I believe my solid academic background will meet you
24、r general entrance requirements for graduate study.,I will appreciate it very much if you could send me the Graduate Application Forms,the Application Form for Scholarships,a detailed introduction to the School of Science,and other relevant information.I am looking forward to hearing from you soon.S
25、incerely yours,Wang Fei,写作实践,Directions:For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter requesting for help.Your composition should be no less than 120 words and be based on the following context in Chinese.,你的一位朋友小王将去旧金山。你写信给住在旧金山的另一位朋友Peter，希望他能抽出一些时间招待一下小王。在信中，介绍小王的情况（他将在一月七号到达，停留一周左右。他的职业，性格，爱好等）。,
