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1、Optical Transport Network&Optical Transport Module,Digital Wrapper,Maarten VissersConsulting Member of Technical StaffLucent Technologiesemail:,April 2002,Contents,OTN RationaleOTN Layer NetworksMulti level Connection MonitoringOTM SignalsMaintenance SignalsMapping Client SignalsMultiplexingVirtual
2、ConcatenationOTN Standards,Contents,OTN RationaleOTN Layer NetworksMulti level Connection MonitoringOTM SignalsMaintenance SignalsMapping Client SignalsMultiplexingVirtual ConcatenationOTN Standards,OTN CharacteristicsTransitional ApproachesFinal PhaseO/E/O processing objectivesDigital processing ob
3、jectives,OTN Characteristics,New transport networking layer(carrier grade solution)Next step(after SDH/SONET)to support ever growing data driven needs for bandwidth and emergence of new broadband servicesTerrabit/second per fiber via DWDM lines(transport level)Gigabit/second paths at 2.5 Gb/s,10 Gb/
4、s,40 Gb/s(networking level)Service transparency for SDH/SONET,ETHERNET,ATM,IP,MPLS No change of SDH/SONET!One exception;interpretation of STM-LOF alarm+STM-AIS due to OTN failEnhanced OAM&networking functionality for all servicesShortest physical layer stack for data services(IP OTN Fiber),OTN Chara
5、cteristics,Gigabit level bandwidth granularity required to scale and manage multi-Terabit networksWavelength level switching maximizes nodal switching capacity,the gating factor for reconfigurable network capacityAvoids very large numbers of fine granularity pipes that stress network planning,admini
6、stration,survivability,and management,Transitional Approaches-Assessment,Extended SDH(attempt at creating a new layer using SDH elements)Bandwidth multiplication by means of TDM more Gigabit/s on fiber(4x)Proprietary approaches attempting to carry lower rate STM-N including all overhead as a“service
7、”within a higher rate STM-M(MN)strongly limited:SDH multiplexing hierarchy not designed to carry the STM-N(i.e.“itself”)as a serviceNo timing transparency90%of STM-N/OC-N overhead bytes not passed through No STM-N/OC-N independent monitoring Multiple proprietary implementations created in industryno
8、 interworking,Transitional Approaches-Assessment,Pre-OTN WDM(simple transport-working-solution)Bandwidth multiplication by means of WDM Terabit/s on fiber(100 x)Client signal(e.g.STM-N,GbE)direct on wavelengthsimple transport,no monitoring or client specific non-intrusive monitoringper client type a
9、 monitor is neededadditional client type implies additional monitor to be addedalarm suppression signal(e.g.AIS)specific per client typeadditional client type implies additional alarm suppression signal to be addedPoint-to-point application that can transport STM-N/OC-N as a service,Final Phase,OTN(
10、networking solution)Management enabler of WDM network by means of addition of:Overhead to and multi-signalsnon-associated or out-of-channel overhead;e.g.preventing alarm stormsOptical Channel(OCh)layerSTM-N,IP,ATM and Ethernet signals mapped(wrapped)into OCh frame(OCh Data Unit(ODUk)First transmissi
11、on technology in which each stakeholder gets its own(ODUk)connection monitoringIn addition ODUk supports/provides:STM-N independent monitoring,becoming a service signal itself,shortest physical layer stack for data services,TDM muxing,STM-N inverse multiplexing,client independent protection switchin
12、g,plesiochronous timing(no sync network required),O/E/O Objectives,Minimise O/E/O processing in OTNO/E/O processing at edges of administrative/vendor(sub)domainsSpan engineeringO/E/O processing at edges of protected or switched domainSpan engineering(short/long route effects)Signal Fail&Signal Degra
13、de condition determinationIf more than 1 optical transparent subnetwork is includedO/E/O processing at intermediate pointsSpan engineering(long line sections)Losses in optical fabricsO/E&E/O processing around electrical fabric,Digital Processing Objectives,Digital processing at locations where O/E/O
14、 is already performedFault and degradation detectionService Level Agreement(SLA)verificationSignal Fail&Signal Degrade condition determination for protection and restoration(e.g.if high accuracy is required),Contents,OTN RationaleOTN Layer NetworksMulti level Connection MonitoringOTM SignalsMaintena
15、nce SignalsMapping Client SignalsMultiplexingVirtual ConcatenationOTN Standards,Layer NetworksClient SignalsOptical Channel StructureContainment RelationshipsExample of Layer Network TrailsOTN InterfacesStandardised and Proprietary Stacks,OTN Layer Networks&Client Signals,Three new layer networks:on
16、e Gbit/s path layerOChtwo section layersOMSnOTSnsingle channel section layer:OPS0Client signals:IP/MPLSATMEthernetSTM-N,Optical Multiplex Section(OMSn)layer network,Optical Channel Structure,Optical Channel layer network consists of 3+1 structures:Digital:OCh Data Unit(ODUk)OCh Payload Unit(OPUk,k=1
17、,2,3)OCh Transport Unit(OTUk,OTUkV)Analogue:OCh,OTN Containment Relationships,OTN Layer Network Trails,Example of OTSn,OMSn,OCh,OTUk,ODUk,OPS0 trailsTransport of STM-N signal via OTM-0,OTM-n and STM-N lines,DXC,3R,3R,3R,Client,Client,3R,DXC,OTM-0,OTM-n,STM-N,ODXC,OCADM,LT,R,R,LT,LT Line Terminal w/o
18、ptical channel multiplexing,OCADM Optical Channel Add/Drop Multiplexer,ODXC ODU Cross-Connect,3R O/E/O w/Reamplification,Reshaping&Retiming and monitoring,R Repeater,OTN Interfaces,User to Network Interface(UNI)Network Node Interface(NNI)Inter Domain Interface(IrDI)Intra Domain Interface(IaDI)betwee
19、n equipment of different vendors(IrVI)within subnetwork of one vendor(IaVI),Network Operator B,Vendor X,Vendor Y,Network,Operator,C,USER,A,Standardised&Proprietary stacks,Proprietary elements:OTM-n.m optical parametersnumber of wavelengthsbit rates of wavelengthssupervisory channelOTUkVFECframe form
20、atODUk mapping,Contents,OTN RationaleOTN Layer NetworksMulti level Connection MonitoringOTM SignalsMaintenance SignalsMapping Client SignalsMultiplexingVirtual ConcatenationOTN Standards,ApplicationNestingOverlapping,Multi-level Connection Monitoring:Applications,NO A,NO B,NO C,USR1,USR2,ClientSigna
21、l,ClientSignal,QoS of client signal transport is monitored by User,QoS of provided leased circuit is monitored by Service Provider,QoS of provided leased circuit is monitored by Network Operator,QoS provided by leased circuit is monitored by User,Status of working protection connection is monitored
22、for SF and SD switch conditions,ODUk switched circuit:UNI-UNI CM to initiate connection re-establishment,Multi-level Connection Monitoring:Nesting,Multi-level Connection Monitoring:Nesting and Overlapping,Contents,OTN RationaleOTN Layer NetworksMulti level Connection MonitoringOTM SignalsMaintenance
23、 SignalsMapping Client SignalsMultiplexingVirtual ConcatenationOTN Standards,OTM Interface SignalsOTM-16r.mOTM-0.mOTM-n.mOTM Signals versus OTN I/FOTM Overhead SignalFrame FormatsOTUk,ODUkOverheadOTUk,ODUkOTUkVOverhead versus OTN I/F,OTM-16r.m Signal(m=1,2,3,12,23,123),Up to 16 wavelengths carrying
24、traffic,with fixed 200 GHz grid independent of bit rate(2G5,10G,40G)Optical parameters according to ITU-T Recommendation G.959.1Bit rate and format of the associated overhead according to ITU-T Recommendation G.709No Optical Supervisory Channel(OSC)non-associated overhead not required;i.e.3R points
25、at each end,no repeaters,OTM-0.m Signal(m=1,2,3),Single channel signal(colourless:1310 or 1550 nm)Optical parameters according to ITU-T Recommendation G.959.1Bit rate and format of the associated overhead according to ITU-T Recommendation G.709No Optical Supervisory Channel(OSC)non-associated overhe
26、ad not required;i.e.3R points at each end,no repeaters,OTM-n.m Signal(m=1,2,3,12,23,123),Up to n wavelengths carrying traffic,with a grid dependent on bit rate1 out-of-band Optical Supervisory Channel(OSC)transporting the OTM Overhead Signal(OOS)OTM Overhead Signal transports OTS,OMS,OCh(non-associa
27、ted)overhead and General management communications,OTM Signals versus OTN Interfaces,OTM Overhead Signal(OOS)Non-associated overhead,OOS functions subject to standardizationOOS bit rate&format not standardized,OCh OH extensions may be expected in future to support e.g.OCh protection(e.g.OCh SPring),
28、OTUk and ODUk frame formats(k=1,2,3),OTUk bit rate:255/(239-k)*STM-N,ODUk bit rate:239/(239-k)*STM-N,OTUk and ODUk Overhead(k=1,2,3)Associated overhead,OTUkV(k=1,2,3),Frame format is vendor specificForward Error Correction code is vendor specificMinimum overhead set to support is:Trail Trace Identif
29、ierError Detection Code(e.g.BIP)Backward Defect IndicatorBackward Error Indicator(Backward)Incoming Alignment ErrorOther overhead is vendor specificODUk mapping into OTUkV is vendor specific,Overhead versus OTN Interfaces,OTM Interface Ports on IP Router,ATM Switch,Ethernet Switch and SDH equipment
30、should support the following minimum set of overheadOPUk Client SpecificOPUk Payload Structure Identifier(PSI)ODUk Path Monitoring(PM)OTUk Section Monitoring(SM)Frame Alignment(FAS,MFAS),Overhead versus OTN Interfaces,Overhead passed through networkOTM UNI to OTM UNIOTM NNI IrDI to OTM NNI IrDI,Over
31、head versus OTN Interfaces,Overhead passed through network from OTM UNI to OTM UNI interfaceOPUk PSI,Client SpecificODUk PM,TCM ACT,TCM1.TCMn,TCM ACT,RESODUk GCC1,GCC2 according contractODUk APS/PCC definition is under study,Overhead versus OTN Interfaces,Overhead passed through network from OTM NNI
32、 IrDI to OTM NNI IrDI interfaceOPUk PSI,Client SpecificODUk PM,TCM ACT,TCM1.TCMm,TCM ACT,FTFL,RESm in TCMm n in TCMn(UNI-UNI)ODUk GCC1,GCC2 according contractODUk APS/PCC definition is under study,Contents,OTN RationaleOTN Layer NetworksMulti level Connection MonitoringOTM SignalsMaintenance Signals
33、Mapping Client SignalsMultiplexingVirtual ConcatenationOTN Standards,Forward Defect Indication(FDI,AIS)Backward Defect&Error Indication(BDI,BEI)Open Connection Indication(OCI)Locked(LCK)Fault Type&Fault Location(FTFL),OTN Maintenance Signals:Alarm Suppression,R,R,R,use of OTN maintenancesignals FDI,
34、AIS and PMI willreduce number of alarms from 500k to 1 per broken fiber,3R,OTN Maintenance Signals:Alarm Suppression(FDI,AIS),AIS/FDI atclientsAIS atODUkAIS atOTUkFDI atOChFDI/PMI atOMSnPMI atOTSn,OTN Maintenance Signals:Alarm Suppression(FDI,AIS),Generated at egress of OMSn,OCh and ODUk Link Connec
35、tions Inserted on detection of Signal FailOMSn-FDI and OCh-FDIis non-associated overheadODUk-AISis special ODUk signal pattern(0 xFF),Generic-AIS STM-AIS,New maintenance signal STM-N levela continuous repeating 2047-bit PN-11(1+x9+x11)sequenceGenerated in OTN tributary portsingress trib:on detection
36、 of STM-N LOS egress trib:on detection of ODUk signal fail type defectTo be detected in SDH line/trib ports in addition to STM-LOF as STM-AIS In existing equipment detected as STM-LOF,OTN Maintenance Signals:Backward Information(BDI,BEI),RDI/REI at Clients BDI/BEI atODUkOTUkNo BI atOChBDI atOTSnOMSn
37、,OTN Maintenance Signals:Open Connection Indication(OCI),Generated in a FabricInserted when output port is not connected to input portOCh-OCIis non-associated overheadODUk-OCIspecial ODUk signal pattern(0 x66),OTN Maintenance Signals:Locked(LCK),Generated in ODUk Tandem Connection endpointInserted w
38、hen Administrative State is Lockedto block a user to access the connectionto prevent test patterns within the network entering a user domainODUk-LCKspecial ODUk signal pattern(0 x55),Fault Type&Fault Location(FTFL),Helps Service Provider to automatically locate fault/degradation to specific Network
39、Operator domainNo need to call around any longerSection and Tandem Connection endpoints insert FTFL in forward direction on detection of SF or SD conditionSpecific FTFL function at UNIextracts forward info and sends it in opposite direction as backward infofilters outgoing and incoming FTFL informat
40、ion(security issue)Specific FTFL extraction function reads FTFL forward and backward information at intermediate point along connection,Contents,OTN RationaleOTN Layer NetworksMulti level Connection MonitoringOTM SignalsMaintenance SignalsMapping Client SignalsMultiplexingVirtual ConcatenationOTN St
41、andards,CBR(e.g.STM-N)IP,ETHERNETATMTest SignalsBit stream with/without octet timingBit Rate Agnostic CBR,Mapping STM-N(N=16,64,256),G.709 provides two mappings for STM-N signalsbit synchronousasynchronousG.709 defines interworking between both mappingscommon demapper,andbit synchronous mapping has
42、fixed Justification Control(JC),STM-16,STM-64,STM-256,D:Data,FS:Fixed Stuff,JC:Justification Control,N/PJO:Negative/Positive Justification Opportunity,Mapping IP and Ethernet,G.709 provides an encapsulation for packet based client signals There is no need for SDH or 10G-Ethernet to encapsulate IPA n
43、ew protocol is being defined:Generic Framing Procedurea generic mechanism to carry any packet signal over fixed rate channels(e.g.SDH,SONET and OTNs ODUk)-ITU-T Rec.G.gfp,Bandwidth for GFP stream inODU1:2 488 320 kbit/sODU2:9 995 276 kbit/sODU3:40 150 519 kbit/s,Generic Framing Procedure G.7041,Mapp
44、ing ATM,G.709 provides a mapping for cell based client signals Mapping ATM into ODUk is similar to mapping into SDH,Bandwidth for ATM stream inODU1:2 488 320 kbit/sODU2:9 995 276 kbit/sODU3:40 150 519 kbit/s,Mapping Test Signals,G.709 provides a mapping for test signalsTwo test signals are definedNU
45、LL sequence(all-0s),Mapping Test Signals,Two test signals are defined(continued)2 147 483 647-bit Pseudo Random Binary Sequence(PRBS)1+x28+x31groups of 8 successive PRBS bits are mapped into a data byte,Mapping bit stream without octet timing,G.709 provides a generic mapping for client signals encap
46、sulated into a bit stream,with or without octet timingA regional standards organisation or an industry forum may deploy this mapping for a new client signalIt must also define the OPUk Client Specific(CS)overhead,Bit Rate Agnostic CBR Mapping,New mapping method which maps a CBR signal of any rate(wi
47、thin a range up to OPUk payload capacity)Bit rate is a fixed bit rate with a small tolerance in the ppm range.For inclusion in G.709 version 2Description in G.709 Living ListFurther development in 2001/2002 timeframe,Contents,OTN RationaleOTN Layer NetworksMulti level Connection MonitoringOTM Signal
48、sMaintenance SignalsMapping Client SignalsMultiplexingVirtual ConcatenationOTN Standards,Wavelength Division Multiplex(WDM)Time Division Multiplex(TDM)TDM Tributary SlotsTDM OverheadTDM Mapping,Wavelength Division Multiplex,OTM-16r.m signal16 channelsfixed 200 GHz grid independent of bit rate of OCh
49、 signaldesigned for interworking purposesOTM-n.m signalno predefined number of channelsno predefined gridgrid may depend on bit rate of OCh signale.g.25,50,100 GHz for OTU1,OTU2,OTU3 resp.developments in technology are driving capabilities,Wavelength Division Multiplex-Structure,Time Division Multip
50、lex,TDM muxing in the OTN will be applied for:lower rate service signal transportin long distance line systems and/or sub-networks optimised for single(higher)bit rateincreased throughputin optical fabrics and/or sub-networksreduced administrative complexityin large networkslower cost networksTDM mu
