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1、ANNUAL REPORT ON THE BUSINESS ANGEL MARKET IN THE,UNITED KINGDOM:2008/09,Colin M Mason,(University of Strathclyde),Richard T Harrison,(Queens University Belfast),June 2010,URN 10/994,i,iii,iii,v,v,68,CONTENTSAuthor contact detailsAuthor biographiesAcknowledgementsDisclaimer,GlossaryExecutive Summary
2、,vivii,1234567,IntroductionSection A:The UK Business Angel Market in 2008/09Angel Networks the visible marketAngel Network Investment ActivityAngel SurveyAngel Market DynamicsMarket Scale EstimatesSummaryReferencesStatistical AppendicesSection B:Special TopicDemographics of Enterprise Investment Sch
3、eme,Venture Capital Trustsand Community Investment Tax Relief,by Alexander Chislett,HMRC:KAIEnterprise and Property Team,ii,1824343945505356,AUTHOR CONTACT DETAILS,Professor Colin Mason.Hunter Centre for Entrepreneurship,University of Strathclyde,LivingstoneTower,26 Richmond Street,Glasgow G1 1XH.Te
4、l:0141 548 4259/3482.Email:colin.masonstrath.ac.uk,Professor Richard T Harrison.Queens University Management School,Queens University Belfast,25University Square,Belfast BT7 1NN,Northern Ireland.T:028 9097 3621/5025 Email:r.harrisonqub.ac.uk,AUTHOR BIOGRAPHIES,Colin Mason is Professor of Entrepreneu
5、rship,Hunter Centre for Entrepreneurship,University ofStrathclyde,Glasgow.He previously worked at the University of Southampton.His research andteaching are in the area of entrepreneurship and regional development.His specific research isconcerned with venture capital and regional development and wi
6、th the availability of venture capital forentrepreneurial businesses.He has written extensively on business angel investing and has been closelyinvolved with government and private sector initiatives to promote informal venture capital,both in theUK and elsewhere.From 1993 to 2001 he produced an ann
7、ual report on business angel investmentactivity on behalf of BVCA and then NBAN which was based on the data provided by business angelnetworks on the investments that they had facilitated.He has been a member of the EuropeanCommission Expert Groups on Benchmarking Business Angels and Public Support
8、for Risk Capital toStimulate Private Investment in Innovation Oriented Research and is an honorary member of the BritishBusiness Angels Association.He is Consulting Editor of the International Small Business Journal(Sage).,Richard Harrison is Professor in Management and Director,Queens University Ma
9、nagement School,Queens University of Belfast.He has previously held chairs at the Universities of Ulster,Aberdeen andEdinburgh.His major research interests lie in entrepreneurship and economic development,andspecifically in the area of access to early stage risk capital:he is a leading authority int
10、ernationally onbusiness angel finance and early stage venture capital,and has worked with DTI/Small Business Service,HM Treasury,British Business Angels Association,Scottish Enterprise,European Business AngelNetwork,LINC Scotland and agencies in Sweden,Finland,EU,OECD,Canada(inter alia)on research a
11、ndpolicy in the early stage capital market.He has been co-author of an annual report on the regional earlystage risk capital market in Scotland since 2001,which is the most consistent and comprehensiveanalysis of business angel and early-stage VC investment at regional level.,They are joint co-edito
12、rs of the journal Venture Capital:An International Journal of EntrepreneurialFinance(published by Taylor and Francis Ltd),now in its 12th year of publication.,Together they have unrivalled knowledge of the business angel market through a 20 year record ofresearch and engagement with policy-makers an
13、d practitioners both in the UK and elsewhere.They arethe leading UK-based researchers on angel finance and their work has exerted a significant influence onother research both in the UK and elsewhere.They pioneered the study of business angels in the UK.Their subsequent research has provided signifi
14、cant understanding of the operation of the angel market(e.g.investment returns;angel investment decision-making;the angel-venture capital interface)andinfluenced both policy and practice(e.g.CGT taper,investment readiness).They undertook a previous,iii,study on behalf of the Small Business Investmen
15、t Task Force which identified ways in which angelinvestment activity could be measured and made recommendations on the most appropriateapproaches for the UK to follow.This report has arisen directly out of this prior work.,iv,ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS,We are extremely grateful to Mike Young(BIS Access to Fin
16、ance Expert Group),Helene Keller(EnterpriseDirectorate,Department for Business,Innovation and Skills)and the members of the Steering Group-Emmanouil(Manos)Schizas(ACCA),Alexander Chislett,Phillip Rice(both HMRC),Jenny Tooth(BBAA),Scott Sage(BVCA)and David Grahame(LINC Scotland)for their perceptive c
17、omment and critique ofearlier drafts of this report.The final report is significantly better as a result.However,we remainresponsible for any remaining errors.We are also grateful to Guy Willmington of BBAA for providing uswith the data and to the Access to Finance Expert Group for their valuable fe
18、edback on a presentation ofthe key findings.Mike Young deserves particular mention for his tireless advocacy for the need forbetter data on angel investment activity,both at the Bank of England where he was responsible for theBanks annual Finance for Small Firms report and more recently as Deputy Ch
19、air of the Access to FinanceExpert Group.,DISCLAIMER,The views expressed within this Report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those ofthe Department of Business,Innovation and Skills,HM Revenue&Customs and other Stakeholders,v,BERR,BIS,EIS,VC,GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS,ACCABANBB
20、ABBAABVCAEBANEIBERDFEUGEMGVAHMRCHMTJEREMIENBANRDAVCT,Association of Chartered Certified AccountantsBusiness Angel NetworkBritish Bankers AssociationBritish Business Angels Association(Department for)Business,Enterprise and Regulatory Reform(Department for)Business,Innovation and SkillsBritish Ventur
21、e Capital AssociationEuropean Business Angel NetworkEuropean Investment BankEnterprise Investment SchemeEuropean Regional Development FundEuropean UnionGlobal Entrepreneurship MonitorGross Value AddedHer Majestys Revenue and CustomsHer Majestys TreasuryJoint European Resources for Micro to medium En
22、terprisesNational Business Angel NetworkRegional Development AgencyVenture capital(or venture capitalists)Venture Capital Trust,vi,EXECUTIVE SUMMARY,1.INTRODUCTION,Business angels have been recognized as an important source of finance for entrepreneurial businessesfor nearly 20 years in the UK and f
23、or even longer in the USA.Government in the UK has supportedbusiness angels both directly and indirectly in various ways,notably supporting business angel networksto enable entrepreneurs to more easily find investors and vice versa;tax incentives through theEnterprise Investment Scheme(EIS);and co-i
24、nvestment schemes.Trends in the supply of SME finance inthe UK clearly imply that business angels have become even more significant over the past decade.,Despite the importance of business angels as a source of finance for entrepreneurial businesses thereare no statistics which accurately measure th
25、e size of the business angel market,profile angelinvestments and monitor annual investment trends.This creates a huge void in small firm financingstatistics particularly when contrasted with the detailed information available on other forms of SMEfinance(e.g.bank lending,venture capital investments)
26、.,Since the mid-1990s these considerations have prompted various organisations,most notably the Bankof England,to call for more robust data on business angel investment activity.Government recognisedthis and in 2006 BERR commissioned a review of data sources and methodologies that could develop arob
27、ust time series on business angel investment activity in the UK.,This report is the direct outcome of that Developing Time Series Data report.It is intended to be the firstin an annual series of reports on the business angel market and has been commissioned by theDepartment for Business,Innovation a
28、nd Skills(BIS)on behalf of a consortium comprising HM Treasury,HM Revenue and Customs(HMRC),British Business Angels Association(BBAA),British Venture CapitalAssociation(BVCA),LINC Scotland and Association of Chartered Certified Accountants(ACCA).Itcomprises two sections.The first section comprises a
29、n independent analysis and commentary onbusiness angel investment activity in 2008/09 in the visible market and an estimate of the overall scaleof angel investment activity.The second section comprises a study by HMRC of the demographiccharacteristics of investors claiming tax reliefs under the Ente
30、rprise Investment Scheme,Venture CapitalTrusts and Community Investment Tax Relief through Self-Assessment.,SECTION A:THE UK BUSINESS ANGEL MARKET IN 2008/09,2.ANGEL NETWORKS THE VISIBLE MARKET,Most business angels(and most of their investment activity)are invisible and so virtually impossible toide
31、ntify and track over time.Our ability to discern investment activity on a systematic comparativelongitudinal basis is therefore restricted to the visible market-angel networks and other portals(such asbusiness angel syndicates)through which angel investment is channelled.The analysis reported in thi
32、sChapter is based on responses from 20 of the 24 networks that are members of the British BusinessAngels Association.In 2008/09 a total of 233 businesses raised a total of 44.9m from investorsregistered with these networks.A total of 590 investors participated in these investments.The average(mean)i
33、nvestment was 192,634 and involved 2.5 investors.Investors associated with LINC Scotlandinvested 17.9m in 74 deals.Thus,in the UK as a whole 62.8m was invested by angel investorsregistered with BBAA members or with LINC Scotland in 2008/09.,vii,The current population of BBAA networks comprises a mix
34、 of long-established and more recentlyestablished organisations:42%of networks were established prior to 1999.They are typically fundedthrough a combination of fees and sponsorship,with most having a range of different revenue sources.The majority of networks derive income from entrepreneurs,angels
35、and success fees.Networksundertake a wide range of activities to facilitate investment activity,notably company presentationevents at which entrepreneurs pitch for money.Most also produce newsletters or informationbulletins,run investment clubs or other types of meetings which enable angels to netwo
36、rk with oneanother,and have a database of contacts.More than half run training and capacity events for investors,hold investor forums and fairs and support investor syndicates.,The 20 networks which provided information reported a total of more than 5,500 registered businessangels.Only 3%of network
37、members were women.The distribution of registered angels was highlyskewed,with four networks all large,national,commercially oriented networks,each with over 500members-accounting for 67%of the total.The median network had 123 investors.Turnover of angelswas quite significant,with 1,700 angels(31%)j
38、oining during the year and 473(9%)leaving.,The networks received a total of 8,685 business plans during the year.Here again the distribution wasskewed,with four networks accounting for 66%of the total.The median was 220.A total of 824companies were presented to investors,equivalent to 1 in 10 of bus
39、iness plans received.There were233 companies which raised investment through these networks,comprising 28%of those companiespresented to investors but just 2.8%of all the business plans that they received.In the majority ofnetworks,the average amount raised from angels registered with the network(ex
40、cluding investmentfrom co-investors)was under 200k,confirming that these networks continue to mobilise risk capital inthat part of the market most often thought to suffer from an equity gap problem.There is littlecorrelation between those networks attracting the most business plans and those doing t
41、he most deals.,3.ANGEL NETWORK INVESTMENT ACTIVITY,This Chapter is based on deal-specific information from 20 members of the BBAA covering a total of 225(out of 233)individual investments made by their registered investors in 2008/09.Aggregated data inthe same tabular formats was provided by LINC Sc
42、otland for 74 investments.,The markets in Scotland and the remainder of the UK are organised differently so the data are presentedseparately.The networks which provided information to BBAA operate on the basis of introducinginvestors to entrepreneurs seeking finance,for example through presentation
43、events,newsletters,databases,etc,and then step back from the process to let investors find investment opportunities thatinterest them and then try to negotiate a deal with the entrepreneur.LINC Scotland is mainly supportingorganised angel groups rather than individual angels and so the investments t
44、hat they report are almostexclusively made by angels investing as members of angel groups.,Particularly in the organised and visible part of the market,angels often invest alongside other investors,such as banks,venture capital funds and,increasingly,co-investment funds.Hence,it is important todiffe
45、rentiate between the amounts invested by business angels registered with the networks and theoverall deal size.Overall deal sizes range from less than 25,000 to over 1m.Deals made through LINCScotland are larger.,viii,Angels who have invested through BBAA networks were the sole investors in 58%of th
46、ese deals.In theremainder of the deals the share of total investment contributed by angels ranges from less than 10%toover 75%.The picture is very different in Scotland where only 8%of deals solely involved angels.In theremainder,angels accounted for between 25%and 75%of the total deal.,It follows f
47、rom the extent of co-investing that the amounts invested by angels are smaller than overalldeal sizes.In deals made through BBAA networks,angels invested less than 200,000 in two-thirds ofcases,and invested less than 100,000 in half of all cases.At the other extreme,just 8%of businessesraised more t
48、han 500,000 from business angels.Here again there were contrasts with Scotland,wherethere were relatively fewer angel investments over 500k and slightly more in the 50k to 200k range.,However,this exaggerates the amount invested by individual angels in a single investment.This isbecause angels regis
49、tered with the same network sometimes invest together in the same deal.Justunder two-thirds of the investments made through the networks involved more than one angel investor,and that one in five of all investments involved five or more angel investors.Information on theamounts invested by individua
50、l angels is not available.,Over half of the companies raising finance from BBAA network investors were doing so for the first time,with a further 23%having previously raised one round of finance from network investors.At the otherextreme,6%of companies had raised at least five previous rounds of fin
