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1、名词性从句,Noun Clauses,Warm-up,The structure of the sentence Lily,my sister,is a good girl,and she likes music.Conclude:A noun can be a subject,object,predictive and apposition of a sentence.,S,A,V,V,S,O,P,引导名词性从句的连接词,可分为三类：1.连词 that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分）只起连接作用that引导名词性从句时，无意义,有时可省,引导一般陈述句。whether,if等引
2、导名词性从句时，有意义,表“是否”,引导一般疑问句.,2.连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.不仅起到连接一个句子的作用，同时也充当从句的主.宾.表.定语成分。3.连接副词：when,where,how,why做状语。,名词性从句的引导词：,连接词：that、if、whether,无意义,2.连接代词：who、whom、whose、what、which,3.连接副词：when、where、why、how,“是否”,作主/宾/表/定,主语从句,Subject Clause,有时候为了平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，或者是为了强调，常用it来
3、做形式主语，把that引导的主语从句放到后面。,1.It is/was+adj.+that 从句注：It is/was necessary/vital/important/natural+that从句中的谓语常用（should）do(常考点),在下列句型中常使用that引导主语从句,2.It is/was+-ed+that从句注：It is/was suggested/ordered/demanded+that 从句中谓语常用（should）do.（因为其动词都是表示“建议，命令，要求，主张等”）,3.It+特殊动词+that从句1）It seems that.,2）It happens th
4、at.(碰巧）It happens that we all like physics,so we always have much to talk with each other.碰巧我们都喜欢物理，所以我们常相互有许多话谈。It doesnt happen that.=It happens.not.（碰巧不）It happened that he was not in yesterday.=It didnt happen that he was in yesterday.碰巧他昨天不在家。,3）It occurred to sb.that.(某人突然想到）It never occurred
5、to sb.that.（某人从来没有想到）,4）It turned out that.（结果是）It turned out that my answer was wrong.=My answer turned out(to be)wrong.,5）How does/did it come about that.?（是怎么回事？）I want to know how it comes about that you often come late.我想知道你常迟到是怎么回事。,4.Its said/reported/consideredthat从句（据说/据报道/据认为）a.据说他是个好医生。It
6、 is said that he is a good doctor.He is said to be a good doctor.,b.据说他们正在国外踢球。It is said that they are playing football in a foreign country.They are said to be playing football in a foreign country.c.据认为那本书翻译成了英语。It is considered that the book has been put into English.The book is considered to ha
7、ve been put into English.,以上句子的考点在绿色部分的变体：主要考句中动词不定式的形式（一般式、进行式和完成式等）,如果是一般性的就用一般式，正在进行就用进行式、已经完成就用完成式。,复合句中做宾语的句子叫宾语从句。,Object Clause宾语从句,宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、形容词等的宾语）,注意,动词find(发现、觉得），feel（感觉、觉得），consider（认为）、think（认为），make（使得），believe（相信）等后面有宾语补足语时，it作形式宾语，that从句放在后面。,a.We find it hard that w
8、e must finish the work in three days.我们发现我们必须在三天内完成工作难。b.Please make it clear to everyone that they are innocent.必须让人人都清楚他们是清白的。,2.动词+介词短语后面跟宾语从句时必须说成：动词+介词+it+that从句常见短语有：see to(确保，保证),insist on(坚持),depend on rely on，count on(指望)请确保你作文写得好。Please see to it that your composition is well written.,3.介词
9、后面一般不能跟that从句，但是in that（由于/因为/在于）except/but/besides that(除之外）是例外He works hard in that he wants to go to a good college.他刻苦学习因为他想上一所好大学。He stood there still except that his lip moved.他除了嘴唇在动，一动不动地站在那里。,4.宾语从句中否定的转移：当主句的主语是第一人称，谓语是think,believe,suppose等表示“意念，信念，揣测”的动词时，宾语从句的否定要提到主句上来，反义疑问句则要根据宾语从句的主谓进
10、行变化。,5.宾语从句中的时态：当主句的谓语是一般现在时的时候，宾语从句的谓语用各种所需要的时态。当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时态时,宾语从句的谓语动词必须用过去时态的某一种形式。但是：即使主句的谓语是一般过去时，宾语从句如果是表示客观真理性的，格言，谚语类时，其谓语动词仍然要用一般现在时。,引导宾语从句的连词主要有:,1.that 在以下情况不省略：由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that 不省略.Make,find,feel,consider等这些词的后面用it作形式宾语时，that不省略。介词后that不可省,if/whether,that,疑问词,特殊情况,当wh
11、ether后紧跟or/or not时,不用if.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.,2.Whether和if都可以引导宾语从句,在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后如look,seem,prove,be.引导表语从句的连词:,Predictive Clause表语从句,that,whether,疑问词,as if,because,在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词（idea；belief；fact；possibility;hope;truth；problem；news 等）后面，对名词作进一步解释说明.同位语从句常用 that 引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/w
12、hether,Apposition Clause同位语从句,同位语从句、定语从句的区别1.同位语从句进一步说明前面名词的具体内容;定语从句则对其先行词起修饰,限制的作用。2.引导同位语从句的连词没有任何词汇意义,也不在从句中担任成分,但不能省略,而引导定语从句的关系词则代表先行词的词义,在从句中必须担任成分,作宾语时常可省略.,Notes:,1.所有的名词性从句一律用陈述语序。2.只用whether不用if的情况有：从句是一般疑问句作动词的宾语,二者都可用;与不定式搭配；引导主语，表语，同位语从句 介词后 从句中有or或or not;3.that只在动词后宾语从句中可以省略,其他从句一般不可省
13、。介词后名词性从句一般不用that引导,但in,except,but,besides除外,考点一：区别that,what与which考点二：区别whether 与if 考点三：区别 what,whatever,与 no matter what.考点四：it 作形式主语或形式宾语考点五：名词性从句的语序,名词性从句考点归纳:,考点1：连接词：that 与 what 的区别,What he said makes me happy.That a new teacher will come is true.,that 只起连接作用，无意义，在从句中不充当任何成分,且在宾语从句中有时可省。what 既起
14、连接作用,又在从句中作 主语,宾语,表语(且在名词性从句中只有what可作表语）,B:what(什么)/which(表选择,哪一个),1.-Do you know _ Mr Blacks address is?-He may live at No.18 or No.19 of Bridge Street.Im not sure of _.2.I read about it in some book or other,does it matter _ it was?,what,which,which,if/whether,1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2._ we
15、 will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.3.Were worried about _ he is safe.4.I dont know _ he is well or not.5.I dont know _ or not he is well.6.The question is _ he should do it.7.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.8.I dont know _ to
16、go.,if/whether,Whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,whether,_等引导的名词性从句不含有疑问意义，相当于名词后加一个定语从句，而_等引导的名词性从句含有疑问意义。,请你归纳,whoever,whatever,Who,what,考点3.what,whatever,who,whoever,Who will take the position isnt decided.,1._ was said here must be kept secret.2._ we need is more time.3._ has taken
17、 away my bag is unknown.4._ breaks the law will be punished.,Whatever,What,Who,Whoever,Anyone who,practice,1.-I think it is going to be a big problem.-Yes,it could be.-I wonder _we can do about it.A.if B.how C.what D.that2._is no possibility _Bob can win the first prize in the match.A.There;that B.I
18、t;whatC.There;whether D.It;whether,3.A computer can only do _you have instructed it to do.A.how B.after C.what D.when4.Can you tell me _?A.who is that gentleman B.that gentleman is whoC.who that gentleman isD.whom is that gentleman,5.He didnt know which room_.A.they lived B.they lived inC.did they l
19、ive D.did they live in6.To get the job started,_I need is from here.A.only what B.all whatC.all that D.only that,7.In some countries _is called“equality”doesnt really mean equal rights for all people.A.which B.what C.that D.one8.Go and get your coat.Its _you left it.A.there B.whereC.there where D.wh
20、ere there,改错：if-whether 2.whomever-who 3 whomever-who 4.which-that 5.what-that 6.because-that 7.which-what 8.which-that,高考真题：2010 CDBBC BABBB BDCDA2011 BADDD CCDDC CCCDA BA2012 ACBBC DCDCB BDB2013 BCACD DCDDB CC,1、发狂，情不自禁；2、我们私下里说的话；3、独自；4、为自己，独立；5、本质上，亲自；6、就其本身而言；7、独自享有；8、身体正常；9、自娱自乐；10、举止规矩；,11、欺骗
21、自己；12、穿衣；13、玩得快乐；14、苏醒，复活；15、自用；16、躲藏；17、奉献于；18、受伤；19、照镜子；20、沉浸在；,21、放松点，别拘束，别客气；22、使你的话被人理解；23、使你的话被人听到；24、放松；25、心里想；26、就坐；27、自言自语；28、自言自语；29、自学；30、自言自语；,31、自寻烦恼；32、洗澡33、为自己辩解；34、说明自己意图；35、忘我，失态；36、感觉很好；37、表达个人思想；38、缺席；39、适用于；40、沉溺于；,41、致力于；42、热衷于；43、去掉-习惯；44、承担；45、关心，忙于；46、满足；47、说出；48、因-而出名；49、从事于；50、同-订婚；,51、摆脱；52、热衷于；53、从事于；54、反对；55、让自己精通-；56、准备；57、出席；58、以为傲；59、投身于；60、依依不舍地离开；61、保守秘密62自力更生,
