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1、外国语学院学生毕业论文题 目An Exotic Flower in The Ruinsto analyze Dilsey in The Sound and the Fury废墟中的一朵奇葩透析喧哗与骚动中的迪儿西 专 业 英 语 班 级 02332 学生姓名 王 婷 嫣 学 号 11 指导教师 方 文 开 2006年4 月29日ContentsAbstract3摘要31. Introduction42. Dilseys role in the novel6 2.1. Creation of this role62.2. Relations with the Compsons7 3. Chara
2、cters of Dilsey in the novel8 3.1. View of family83.2. Proper concept of time 103.3. View of religion124. Conclusion13Bibliography15Acknowledgements16AbstractPeople generally think that The Sound and the Fury is a great novel full of tragedies, which shows Compson familys craze, despair and fury bef
3、ore its dying out. But when we analyze the writing process of this novel, especially the last section that touches upon the key character-Dilsey, we can find out the writing purpose of Faulkner. “People will not only endure but prevait ” is what he really wants to demonstrate. In contrast to Compson
4、 familys selfishness, coldness, cruelty and degeneration, Faulkner highly praises Dilsey, an old black woman servant, who is brave, enthusiastic, kind and loyal. And through describing Dilsey, Faulkner eulogizes the beauty of human nature in ordinary persons.Key words: Faulkner, The Sound and the Fu
5、ry, Dilsey , Value system 摘 要 人们一般都认为喧哗与骚动是一部极具悲观色彩的作品，表现了康普生家族灭亡的疯狂、绝望、喧嚣。但是当我们仔细分析福克纳写作喧哗与骚动的过程，特别是其最后一章的中心人物迪尔西时，我们发现福克纳努力所要表现的是“人类不但会生存下去，而且将蓬勃发展。” 通过对破落庄园主康普生家庭成员中表现出来的自私、冷酷、仇视和堕落的描写，反衬出老黑人女仆迪尔西的利他主义、热情、仁爱和忠诚的高尚品德，热情讴歌了存在于普通人身上的人性美。关键词: 福克纳；喧哗与骚动；迪尔西；价值体系AN EXOTIC FLOWER IN THE RUINSTO ANALYZE
6、DILSEY IN THE SOUND AND THE FURY1. Introduction On September 25, 1897, William Faulkner was born in New Albary, Mississippi and lived most of his life in nearby Oxford, Mississippi. His family came from the old white upper class with a fairly long tradition. Though the family declined in the 20th ce
7、ntury, it still retained some of the old customs. And he was brought up by a black Manny who told him many stories about slavery. Growing up during the first two decades of the 20th century, he was well aware of the older culture and yet alive to the new forces that were already altering that cultur
8、e. Memories of the devastating war that had put an end to the Old South were still vivid. One could get the first and amounts from confederate veterans and elderly matriarchs who had been brought up in the old ways.While living in New Orleans in the 1920s, Faulkner met Sherwood Anderson who encourag
9、ed him to write and helped him find a publisher. Faulkner was an imaginative writer. With Sherwood Andersons advice and encouragement, he created his mythical Southern, Yoknapatawpha County, in the heart of his native soil and spent most of his life writing about it. He invented its geography, its p
10、eople and its history so precisely that it seemed like a real place to his readers. And almost all his masterpieces belong to the Yoknapatawpha Saga, such as the The Sound and the Fury (1929), As I Lay Dying (1930), Light in August (1932), Absalom, Absalom! (1936), Go Down, Moses (1942). All his lif
11、e Faulkner was a teller of tales, and many of his longer works were organized around short stories. Two of Faulkners major themes were the white mans guilt about slavery, and the rape of the land. Being a Southerner, Faulkner looked at the whole varied history of the South with mixed feelings of int
12、imate affection contempt and controlled detachment.His major concern was always with the general human situation. In his works, he generally showed a black picture of human society, where violence and cruelty were frequently included. His intention was to show the evil, harsh events in contrast to s
13、uch eternal virtues as love, honor, pity, compassion, and self-sacrifice, and thereby expose the faults of society. He felt that it was a writers duty to remind his readers constantly of true values and virtues. In 1950 he received the Nobel Prize Award. Thus year after year, his novels were read wi
14、th excitement by thousands of people all over the worldBy universal content of critics and common readers, William Faulkner now is recognized as one of the greatest American novelist of the 20th century. His large body of writings is open to interpretations on different levels, and among his many wo
15、rks, The Sound and the Fury has gradually become one of the most widely read novel in the English language, and one of the prescribed “classic” in the universities. Scholars and readers in the world have shown an ever-increasing interest in it and it has received more eremitical attention than any o
16、ther Faulkners writings. The Sound and the Fury tells the decline and degeneration of one of the Southern aristocratic families, the Compsons. Mr. Compson has a vague notion of family honor-something he passes on to Quentin-but is mired in his alcoholism and maintains a fatalistic belief that he can
17、not control the events that befall his family. Mrs. Compson is lazy and self-pitying, and remaining emotionally distant from her children. Quentins obsession with old Southern morality renders him paralyzed and unable to move past his familys sins. Caddy tramples on the Southern notion of feminine p
18、urity and indulges in promiscuity, as does her daughter. Jason wastes his cleverness on self-pity and greed, striving constantly for personal gain but with no higher aspirations. Benjy commits no real sins, but the Compsonss declines physically manifested through his retardation and his inability to
19、 differentiate between morality and immorality.The Compsons corruption of Southern values results in a household that is completely devoid of love, the force that once held the family together. Both parents are distant and ineffective. Caddy is the only child who shows an ability to love, is eventua
20、lly disowned. Though Quentin loves Caddy, his love is neurotic, obsessive, and overprotective. None of the men experience any true romantic love, and are thus unable to marry and carry on the family name.At the conclusion of the novel, Dilsey is the only loving member of the household, the only char
21、acter who maintains her values without the corrupting influence of self-absorption. She thus comes to represent a hope for the renewal of traditional Southern Values in an uncorrupted and positive form. The novel ends with Dilsey as the torchbearer for these values, and as such, the only hope for th
22、e preservation of the Compson legacy. Faulkner implies that the problem is not necessarily the values of the old South, but the fact that these values were corrupted by families such as the Compsons and must be recaptured for any Southern greatness to return. 2. Dilseys role in the novel2.1. Creatio
23、n of this roleRealizing the cruelty of the Southern tradition and the dangers of the violent, hostile Southern male world, Faulkner showed great on the Southern woman for their miserable fate in the Southern society and believed in their abilities to survive and prevail. As a matter of fact, he crea
24、ted many great Southern women in his fiction. Dilsey is one of the most striking figures in Faulkners fiction. Dilsey often reminder Faulkner of Caroline Barr, a black Mammy in Faulkners family, who was “the kind of woman whose maternal feeling and needs never die out, and immediately became a secon
25、d mother to Faulkners brothers.” (Joseph Blotner 1974:76)To Faulkner, Dilsey was another Caroline Barr in the Compson family. In many cases, he expressed his admirations and praises for her. In the interview with Synthia Drenier in 1955, he said, “Dilsey is one of my favorite characters because she
26、is brave, courageous, generous, gentle, honest, generous than me” (James B Meriwether 1968: 224); in the same year in the interview in Japan, he said: “ Dilsey, who had taken care of a family who were decaying, going to pieces before her eyes. She held the whole thing together with no hope of reward
27、, except she was doing the best she could because she loved that poor, otherwise helpless, idiot child.” (James B Meriwether 1968: 126)2.2. Relations with the CompsonsThere is unselfish love in Dilseys heart, and Faulkner associates her with Christ in her section which takes place on Easter Sunday.
28、She epitomizes Christian and has a sustaining power in both the Compson family and her own family. She doesnt merely sever as a servant who only holds the relationship of being employed and employing. Through her hard work and important role in the Compson family over the years, she has established
29、her power or right to solve the troubles in the family. When the Compson family stand outside Miss Quentins locked room, and Jason gropes for the key to gain entry, shouting to his mother, “Give me the key, you old fool”, Dilsey at this moment, calmly tries to reassure both Mrs. Compson and Miss. Qu
30、entin, “Now, now she said, What kin happer? I right here, I aint gwine let him hurt her, Quentin, she said, raising her voice, Dont you be skeered honey, Ise right here” (William Faulkner 1929:250) There can be seen her courage and power in the family. In her ministering to the sadistic Jason and hi
31、s unhappy niece and a neurasthenic mother, Dilsey embodies the Christian virtues-the ability to give love as well as labor and shows great sympathy to the family. She tries her best to keep the family going on, but in vain. Although the Compson family disintegrates at the end of the novel, Dilseys r
32、ole of the sustaining force of a broken and corrupted family should not be overlooked. No one doubts that the family had gone to its end much earlier if she were not in the family. By virtue of her love and faith, she is able to not only help the children, but also stand above the fallen ruins of th
33、e family.Though she accepts being a nigger, the self-sacrificing mammy as her natural function and expresses no criticisms of social inequality or racial discrimination, she demonstrates her position in the racial discriminative South through her sacrifice and endurance. Dilley is close to nature an
34、d the instinctual life and she is determined to do what she should do and never complain and lose hope. Faulkner once said” We must take the trouble and sin with us as we go, and we must cure that trouble and sins as we go.”(Robert A Jelliff 1956:77)3. Characters of Dilsey in the novel 3.1. View of
35、familyGenerally speaking, a mother should be the center of her family and play a much more important role at home. Most important of all, she should be the source of love for her husband and her children. Yet, Mrs. Compson is the exact reverse of everything a mother should be. For her, social status
36、 is everything. Her major preoccupation in life is to convince everybody around her that she is in every respect a Southern lady. She withholds any real love from her husband and her children.Dilsey is a mother to the Compson children as well as her own, She is responsible for all the food, cooking
37、and cleaning, even in her illness. She gives to the Compson family whatever sense of order it still possesses. As we know, Mr. Compson is a weak, sentimental alcoholic who toys with the emotions and needs of his children, and even if he feels sympathy and compassion, he fails to know it effectively.
38、 And Mrs. Compson is such an incompetent mother. Living in such a family, the Compson children naturally seek love from Dilsey who commits herself to the immediate things, and she makes her greatest effort to fill the vacancies left in the lives of the children around her by their loveless parents.
39、She is the only person other than Caddy who can quieten Benjy simply by telling him to hush. She is not intimidated by the cruel Jason, (William she dares to criticize Jason, “Yous a cold man, Jason, if man you is.” (William Faulkner 1929:187) And she is able to cope with Mrs. Compsons intolerable t
40、reatment of her. She defends Caddy and her unfortunate daughter. She uses her body to protect Miss Quentin by receiving the blows Jason would serve upon Quentin.In Mrs. Compsons opinion, the birth of an idiot son could not have happened to a Bassomb; this is Gods way of punishing her for having marr
41、ied, beneath her station. She often complains that “I thought that Benjamin was punishment enough for any sins I have committed I thought he was my punishment for putting aside my pride and marrying a man who held himself above me.” (William Faulkner 1929:96) And Mrs. Compson shows little love to Be
42、njamin, she is bored with his noise, and she always says: “please hush, were trying to get you out as fast as we can. I dont want you to get sick.” (William Faulkner 1929:34) But what really distresses her is that Benjys sickness would create problems when she entertained Christmas guests.Dilsey, on
43、 the other hand, is an enormous source of warmth in the novel. She takes good care of the Compson children, and her generous heart goes out to the two most vulnerable. On Benjys thirty-three years old birthday, Dilsey bought a cake for him while his mother had already forgotten about it. Dilsey is t
44、he only one left who can understand Benjys needs. When she sends Luster out with Benjy in the surrey, she wants Luster to go the exact same way that T.P. always went, Luster cant understand Benjys needs, but Dilsey knows that Benjys mind is simple and needs things in their ordered places.As to Miss
45、Quentin, Caddys illegitimate child, every day she was teased, scolded, or even beaten by her uncle who made her feel desperate towards life. And Dilsey used her body to protect Miss Quentin by receiving the beating Jason would serve upon Quentin “what are you going to do?” Dilsey said, “Jason, You,
46、Jason! Aint you ashamed of yourself”, “ I aint gwine let him. Dont you worry, honey”,“Hit me, den,” she said, “ ef nothin else but hittin somebody wont do you. Hit me!” (William Faulkner 1929:167)In addition, Dilsey has a life of her own. She is a good mother to her three children and encourages the
47、m to work hard and to behave properly3.2. Proper concept of timeDilsey is aware of time, and considers it to be the “correct way”. She is neither obsessed with time, as Jason and Quentin are, nor is she insensible of it, as Benjy is. Whereas Jason tends to think of time only as something concrete, s
48、omething to be used, and Quentin tends to think of time as an abstraction, Dilsey thinks of time in both senses.Her first reference to time is an interesting one, because it involves the lying of a clock, something which both Quentins and Jasons sections contains. And in certain respects the clock is startlingly similar to Quentins broken watch. But Dilsey takes the clocks incorre
