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1、WELCOME TO OUR CLASS,Request on learning English,基本要求：,上课：1.早读课大声朗读单词或课文；2.课前备好学习用品，如课本、词语手册、笔记本、练习册3.回答问题声音响亮，其余人认真倾听，不随意打岔；4.养成预习的好习惯，小卡片记录，重点词句划线；5.认真听讲，勤做笔记，尽量将与课文相关的笔记记录在课本上；作业：英文一律用黑笔，错处用红笔1.默写本：专门用作单词（90,80）默写或课文段落默写；2.综合本：抄写单词（单词、词性、音标、意义，一行至多两个单词），及其他；4.笔记本：课内笔记（较为系统的语法、零碎知识点、易错易混知识点及其他）；课外
2、笔记（每周放学后记录生活中发现的英语，至少三条）；5.改错本：记录练习、考试中的错误，需反复查阅；6.独立完成作业，可互相请教；按时完成；差错及时订正并录入改错本；,忘掉进入高中之前的英语成绩,基本要求：,其他：1.桌上无水杯，课内不吃任何食物；2.不随意发出响动，尤其不能转笔；3.课前整理好讲台及黑板,值日生负责；4.课桌排列整齐，地面无明显垃圾；,1.每人准备一套小卡片，课前预习时将重要内容（单词、词组等）记录在小卡片上；课堂上主动回答问题或参与活动者在下课后将小卡片上交，次日发还；期中、期末各统计一次参与程度，活跃度最高的前五名抽签依次选取奖品；2.每次单元考及期中、期末考试前三名的同学
3、可选择在接下去的一周内任意免检查两项作业，由课代表统计（抄写、默写、背诵、笔记等，练习册、练习卷除外）；每学期至多可免检查三周；,奖励制度：,良好的环境令人身心愉悦,Advice on learning English,学习理念:study theory,学习习惯:good learning habits,passive learning,active learning,1、学会使用工具书的习惯。2、预习的习惯。3、阅读与摘抄的习惯。4、背诵英语课文和范文的习惯5、每周做一点学法探讨,enjoy losing face,renew,记忆妙法,1.语音记忆法要想单词不写错，语音一关还得过；读音规
4、律掌握好，拼写自然少差错。2.“五到”记忆法记单词要“五到”，眼嘴手脑齐开炮；读写背默各几遍，词形词义自然现。3.循环记忆法记过单词莫靠边，几天之后再看看；似忘非忘又温习，反反复复印心间。4.分组记忆法单词多了别心烦，分片分组来攻占；五个一组先吃掉，几组连成一大片。,记忆妙法,5.理解记忆法结合词组句子记，有情有景有意义；重点段落须背诵，理解深刻有乐趣。6.构词记忆法构词法，要学习，前缀、后缀有规律；转换常把此类变，合成本是二合一。7.分类记忆法分类归纳便于记，同类词汇放一起；bike/plane和jeep,归到交通工具里。8.阅读记忆法课外读物有情趣，单词复现便于记；只要坚持常阅读，一举几得
5、大有益！,学习英语理顺几个概念,主谓关系与动宾关系主动关系与被动关系动作的执行者与承受着逻辑主语与真正的主语逻辑宾语与真正的宾语,Senior High Basic Grammar,取得英语语法成功的基石,句子成分,Parts of Speach,判断下列句子中划线单词的词性。,1.Mary dances well.2.His father is reading.3.Tom is looking for his watch.4.He often plays violin after school.5.Mr.Green works in a university.6.The teacher ta
6、ught us an English song.7.I have bought this pen for two years.8.Nothing can live without water.9.You may keep this dictionary for two weeks.10.You cant agree with me.,adv.,pron.,n.,prep.,V.,n.,num.,prep.,情态动词,pron.,一个词的词性决定它在句子中充当了什么成份.,Sentence elements,谓语(v),定语(Attr),主语(s),宾语(Oi,Od),状语(Ad),补语(Cs,
7、Co),主语,谓语,Vt,Link verb,Vi,宾语,表语,Revision,表语(),What make up a sentence?,主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语的概念。1、主语：是一个句子所要说明的人和事物，是一句的主体。如 I study English中的 I。作主语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和主语从句。2、谓语：它是说明主语的动作或状态的，如 I study English中的 study.作谓语的有：及物动词或及物动词短语。,3、宾语：它是表示及物动词或及物动词短语所作用的对象的，如 I study English 中的English和He
8、makes full use of his spare time to study中的his spare time.介词后的名词或代词，叫做介词的宾语，如He went away with no words中的no words.作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和宾语从句。,一、句子的成分,4、表语：它是放在连系动词之后表示主语的身份或特征的，如 That sounds a good idea中的a good idea.作表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、表地点或方位的副词、不定式、动名词、分词和表语从句。5、定语：它是限定名词或代词用的，作定语的有：名词、形容词、数词、
9、介词短语、不定式、分词、动名词和定语从句，若是词则多作前置定语，若是短语或定语从句则只能作后置定语。如the polluted river中的polluted和the river polluted by chemicals中的polluted by chemicals.,6、状语：它是修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句用的。如I like it very much中的very 修饰much,而much 又修饰like。作状语的有：副词（短语）、介词短语、不定式、分词（短语）、名词短语和状语从句。状语说明时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随情况等。其位置多位于句首或句尾，但表频率
10、或程度的副词应位于句中be动词、情态动词和助动词之后，实义动词之前。地点和时间应按先小后大的顺序。,7、补足语：补充说明句中的主语或者宾语的，作补足语的有：名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式和分词（短语）。如I find it interesting中的interesting.,8、同位语：把一个名词（短语）、代词或从句放在另一名词或代词后，用以说明前者的性质或情况，这样的名词或代词叫同位语。如We Chinese people love peace中的Chinese people是主语We的同位语.,一、主语,主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于_。,1.Lucy likes
11、 her new bike.2.We work hard.3.To learn a foreign language is not easy.4.Playing football after school is great fun.,句首,Lucy,We,3.To learn a foreign language,Playing football after school,subject,一、主语 主语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.The sun rises in the east.（）2.He likes dancing.（）3.Two will be enough.()4.Seeing is
12、 believing.（）6.To see is to believe.（）7.When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet.()8.What he needs is a book.（）9.It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（）,名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,疑问词+不定式,从句,It作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语,Practice,当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语
13、置于句首，而将真正的主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。,什么情况下用it作形式主语？,你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你知道怎么翻译下列句子吗？1)It is wrong to tell a lie.()2)It is no use arguing about it.()3)It is uncertain who will come.(),说谎是错误的。,争吵是没用的。,谁要来还不确定。,1.We love China.2.We have finished reading this book.3.He can speak English.4.She seems tired.,
14、二、谓语,谓语：用于说明主语的动作,状态，特征等内容,一般紧跟主语后面。谓语由动词(包括be动词)，动词词组（及其各种语态和时态）构成。例如：,love,have finished,can speak,seems,predicate,情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.,They can speak English well.They are playing over there.,一个词的词性决定它在句子中充当什么成份.,一个基本句子结构只能有一个谓语部分。,三、宾语,宾语：宾语表示动作所施加给的对象或承受者，一般位于_和_后面(动宾和介宾)。,1.We s
15、tudy English.2.Our teacher said that he would go there.3.He is looking at the dog.,双宾语：指人的是间接宾语，指物的是直接宾语。He gave me two books.,及物动词,介词,English,that he would go there.,the dog,object,二、宾语 宾语可以用下面这些东西表示：1.She lived a happy life.()2.I love you.()3.We need two.()4.Do you mind my opening the door?()5.He
16、began to learn English a year ago.()6.He did not know what to say.()7.Did you write down what she said?()8.She felt it her duty to take good care ofthem.(),名词,代词,数词,动名词,不定式,疑问词+不定式,从句,It作形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语,a happy life,you,two,opening the door,to learn English,what to say,what she said,it to take good c
17、are ofthem.,表语：用以说明主语的身份,特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如:be,become,get,grow,turn,smell,feel,look,sound,taste等)之后.,The trees turn green.The flower is beautiful.,四、表语,predicative,1）状态、保持类：be，keep,remain,stay等。He is a teacher.He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。2）感官类：主要有feel,look,smell,sound,taste等。This flower
18、 smells very sweet.He looks tired.,系动词（四类）,is,kept,3）变化类：主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come等。He became mad after that.4）似乎好像结果证明是类，主要有seem,appear,prove,turn out等。He seems(to be)very sad.The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。,三、表语 表语可以用下面这些东西表示：He is a teacher.()My
19、idea is this.()She was the first to arrive.()I feel much better today./I must be off now.()He is out of danger.()The news was exciting./They were excited at the news.()What surprised me most was that he spoke Chinese so well.(),名词,代词,数词,从句,形容词/副词,介词短语,分词,定语：用来修饰_.,This is a red car.The building is t
20、heir teaching building.The woman doctor is my wife.I have something to tell you.The man in front of the gate is Mr.Li.Every student has an English book.,五、定语,名词,翻译成“的”,attribute,四、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示：Its a red car.()They live in the room above.()My brother is a teacher.()We belong to the third world.()
21、Lucys father is a poor worker.()Mother made a birthday cake for me.()The man under the tree is my teacher.()The swimming boy is my brother./The boy swimming in the river is my brother.(),形容词,副词,代词,数词,名词所有格,名词,介词短语,现在分词,四、定语 定语可以用下面这些东西表示：I liked the food cooked by my mother./Retired people have a go
22、od time at home.()10.There are two things to be discussed today.（）11.Will you tell us about your teaching plan?（）12.This is the very book that I need.（）,过去分词,不定式,动名词,从句,状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态的特征的成分叫做状语，它可表示时间,地点,速度,方式,程度,手段等内容。,六、状语,Adverbial,John often came to chat with me()As he was ill,he di
23、dnt come to class yesterday.()She is sitting at the desk,doing her homework.()My father worked in this school ten years ago.()Though he is young,he knows a lot.()He came running.(),程度，目的,地点，伴随,地点，时间,让步,方式,原因,五、状语 状语可以用下面这些东西表示：He is often late for class.()We saw that picture at the cinema.()He sat t
24、here smoking.()They returned，tired and hungry.（）They did everything they could to save the boys life.（）Although he is young,he knows a lot.()The box is so heavy that I cant lift it.()8.While my wife was reading the newspaper,I was watching TV.（）9.He was angry because we were late(）,副词，程度,介词短语，地点,分词，
25、伴随,不定式，目的,形容词，状态,让步状语从句,结果状语从句,时间状语从句,原因状语从句,补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。,七、补语,Everyone calls him Jack.（宾补）He is called Jack.（主补）,object complement,同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明The Great Wall,one of the wonders in the world,attracts a large number of foreign friends.,八、同位语,六、宾语补足语：I consider Jim a good
26、 friend.()I always find her happy.()People praised him as a hero.()I had the TV fixed.()I saw him entering the building.()What made you think so?()Do you want me to go?(),形容词,名词,介词短语,过去分词,现在分词,省略掉to的不定式,不定式,1We all study hard at English.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语2Betty likes her new bike very much.A.主语 B.谓语
27、C.宾语 D.表语3My brother is a policeman.A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语4Were you at home last night?A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语5Winter is the coldest season of the year.A 定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语,Practice,6He often walks in the park.A.定语 B.状语 C.宾语 D.表语7Mary asked me to help her yesterday.A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语,8He bought me a nice p
28、resent last week.A.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补9His parents are doctors.A.宾语 B.表语 C.谓语 D.定语10Ill get you some tea now.A.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补,11My mother told us an interesting story last night.A.表语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补12He has read the book twice.A.主语 B.谓语 C.表语 D.宾语,13They seemed unhappy when they heard the
29、 news.A.表语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.定语14Do you have something to eat?A.状语 B.定语 C.宾语 D.宾补15We made him our monitor.A.宾语 B.定语 C.状语 D.宾补,简单句(simple sentence),并列句(compound sentence),复合句(complex sentence),二、句子的种类,英语五种基本句型列式如下：,基本句型一：i（主谓）基本句型二：（主系表）基本句型三：（主谓宾）基本句型四：OiOd（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：（主谓宾宾补）,Point 1 简单句的五种基本类型（five ba
30、sic sentence patterns),He runs.2.People make history.3.He gave me a book.4.We call her Lily.5.Knowledge is power.,主+谓,主+谓+宾,主+谓+间宾+直宾,主+系+表,主+谓+宾+宾补,基本句型一 主谓(S+Vi),基本句型二 主系表(S+V+P),基本句型三 主谓宾(S+Vt+O),基本句型四(+t+Oi+Od),基本句型五(S+Vt+O(宾语)+C（宾补）),指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成份。1.There is going to be a Chinese film tonig
31、ht.()2.She is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.(),主语,谓语,3.Her wish is to become a teacher.()4.He,my brother,managed to finish the work in time.(),表语,同位语,5.We found it important to learn English.(),形式宾语,6.Would you please tell me your name?()7.They noticed a man enter the room.()8.Johnny Carson began h
32、is career in his twenties.(),间接宾语、直接宾语,宾语补足语,主语,I bought a beautiful bird.The dog jumped through the window.He is saving up to buy a mobile phone.简单句的主语、宾语可以加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展，及物动词或不及物动词也可以与其它短语（如状语）连用进行扩展，定语和状语是句子的修饰成分A bright little boy with rosy cheeks put three bottles of milk quietly on my doorstep
33、 before seven oclock.,Look at some other examples,定语,状语,状语,Point2 Compound sentence(并列句)并列句是有两个或两个以上的相互关联而又独立的简单句,由并列连词或;连接而成.,用分号：We fished all day;we didnt catch a thing.,用分号，后跟一个连接副词：We fished all day;however,we didnt catch a thing.,用并列连词（如and、but、so、or等）We fished all day,but(we)didnt catch a thi
34、ng.,常用并列连词coordinating conjunctions,平行并列连词:转折并列连词：因果并列连词:选择并列连词:,and,bothand,not onlybut also,neithernor,and then,but,however,while,yet,for,so,or,eitheror,neither nor,Exercise:请用合适的并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句。,He was tired,so he went to bed.,1.He was tired.He went to bed.,2.The child hid behind his mothers sk
35、irt.He was afraid of the dog.,3.He made a promise.He didnt keep it.,He made a promise,but he didnt keep it.,The child hid behind his mothers skirt,for he was afraid of the dog.,Point3 Complex sentence(复合句),复合句是由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所构成的句子。复合句在简单句的基础上，通过从属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而构成。从属连词所引导的从句起名词、形容词、副词的作用。复合句主要
36、包含以下类型从句：,名词性从句,形容词性从句,副词性从句,定语从句,状语从句,复杂句不“复杂”,复合句=简单句+从属连词+简单句,I dont know him.,He has finished his work,that he has finished his work.whether he has finished his work.,who he is travelling with in Washington.when he is leaving for Washington.why he is leaving for Washington.how he is leaving for
37、Washington.which country he is leaving for.,宾语,宾语从句,the people in the room.,That surprised,What he saidwhat he did,主语,That he didnt know the answer,定语,who were sitting in the room.whose sons were at war.,That,is a desk.,表 语,what he needs.why he was late.because he was ill.how he succeeded.,The fact
38、surprised all of us.,He,my brother,is a student.,同位语,抽象名词,The fact surprised all of us.,They ask me a question.The work was worth doing.,They ask me the question,He worked,时间状语,where his father worked,in that factory,where I lived,when he lived there,指出下列各从句的类型,I believe that everything is going on
39、well.She was reading a novel when I came in.She is the girl who sings best in my class.,宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,将各组句子连接为一个含有状语从句的复合句。,He didnt come yesterday.He was ill.(原因),He didnt come yesterday because he was ill.,Ill give the letter to him.I see him.（时间）,Ill give the letter to him when I see him.Ill giv
40、e the letter to him as soon as I see him.Ill give the letter to him the moment I see him.,It is such a big box.Nobody can move it.（结果）,It is such a big box that nobody can move it.,Well go to the great wall.Its fine tomorrow.(条件),Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow.,We should not go there
41、 all the time.The place is quite pleasant.(让步）,Although the place is quite pleasant,we should not go there all the time.,Summary:,句子,简单句(simple)并列句(compound)复合句(complex)(并列复合句),第一层关系为并列句，第二层为复合句,分号，and,but,so,or等连接的句子,Learning English is like building a house.Laying a solid foundation is the first and most important step.In other words,you should read and speak English every day.Memorizing new words and phrases is a must.Like building a house,learning English takes some time because Rome isnt built in a day.So dont be impatient.,Thanks for your listening!,
