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1、北美洲,2017年12月 黄 靖,一、位置和范围,二、地形,1、主要地形区,指出图中字母代表的地理事物的名称。,A阿拉斯加半岛B拉布拉多半岛C佛罗里达半岛D格陵兰岛E纽芬兰岛F巴芬岛G哈德孙湾H墨西哥湾I白令海峡J丹麦海峡K加利福尼亚湾,J,K,2、地势,西部高山区,东部高原山地,中部平原,？山,？山,？山,？山脉,？河,南北纵列，三大地形区,西部高山区,东部高原山地,中部平原,60oW,120oW,1、地势。东西高，中间低，纵列分布，致使南北气流畅通无阻。冬季极地冷气团可长驱南下，骤然降温。夏季来自墨西哥湾的热带暖气团可自由北上，天气闷热多雨。中部平原在冷暖气团争逐交锋、交替控制之下，形成气
2、温、降水季节变化剧烈、大陆性较强的温带大陆性气候。,北美洲的地形地势会对其气候产生的影响？,2.海岸山脉紧逼着太平洋沿岸，迎风坡地形雨丰沛。但是，海岸山脉阻挡了太平洋上的暖湿西风向东深入，限制了山脉以西的温带海洋性气候和地中海式气候向东延伸，使上述二种气候呈南北向带状分布于沿海地区。山间高原盆地由于地形闭塞，海洋水汽难以进入，因此，气候干旱，呈现出荒漠的景象。,美国地形,3、东部高原山地：低矮，对大西洋湿润气流阻挡作用不显著。西北坡面迎冬季西北风，常造成大雪；东南坡面对大西洋水汽产生抬升作用，造成地形雨。,年降水量,三、气候,(1)密西西比河(2)圣劳伦斯河(3)科罗拉多河,四、河流和湖泊,红
3、色岩层形成：炎热干燥的气候,科罗拉多大峡谷：世界自然遗产,从谷底到顶部分布着从寒武纪到新生代各个时期的岩层，层次清晰，色调各异，并且含有各个地质年代的代表性生物化石，又被称为“活的地质史教科书”。,形成：,a.早期，地壳稳定，泥沙沉积形成沉积岩；b.后来，地壳运动导致岩层垂直上升；c.岩石松软，河流下切侵蚀形成峡谷，岩层露出,桌子山,形成：,河流对地表的差异侵蚀。松软的岩石被侵蚀成峡谷，坚硬的岩石保留了下来，形成桌状山。,五大湖,密歇根湖,苏必利尔湖,休伦湖,伊利湖,安大略湖,世界最大的淡水湖群,成因：冰川作用 苏必利尔湖：世界最大的淡水湖,尼亚加拉瀑布,五大湖之间有运河相通，并经圣劳伦斯河S
4、aint Lawrence River与大西洋相连,五大湖水面高低不同，由西向东逐级降低，伊利湖与安大略湖之间有将近100米的落差，并有一个断层陡岸，从而形成了世界著名的尼亚加拉瀑布。,五大湖剖面示意图,尼亚加拉大瀑布分为南北两段，北端呈半环状，名马蹄瀑布，属加拿大；南端称亚美利加瀑布，属美国。美、加两国均在瀑布之上修建了大型水电站。,尼亚加拉瀑布风光,构造湖：地面断裂沉陷积水成湖。贝加尔湖、死海、东非裂谷湖群、鄱阳湖、滇池等。冰蚀湖：由冰川挖蚀成的洼坑和冰碛物堵塞积水而成的一类湖泊。如北美五大湖、北欧和瑞士的湖泊、青藏高原湖泊群等。,大盐湖,五、资源,矿产资源丰富：石油、天然气、煤、铁、有色
5、金属森林资源渔业资源水力资源,1.关于北美气候的正确分析是北美三面临海，气候湿润，海洋性显著 西部高大的山脉，阻挡着大西洋水汽的进入，使北美降水稀少 中部大平原南北贯通，有利于冷、暖气流经过，造成夏季温差大北美的降水由东部沿海向内陆逐渐减少A、B、C、D、,C,例题与变式,右图为世界某大陆地形剖面图，回答相关题目：,2下列地理事物位于该大陆上的是 A.维多利亚湖 B.大自流盆地 C.科罗拉多大峡谷 D.潘帕斯草原,C,右图为世界某大陆地形剖面图，回答36题：,3该大陆上分布面积最广的植被是A.亚寒带针叶林 B.热带雨林 C.温带落叶阔叶林 D.亚热带常绿阔叶林,A,右图为世界某大陆地形剖面图，
6、回答36题：,4图中数码代表的地理现象的叙述，正确的是 A.地是温带海洋性气候 B.地有丰富的煤炭资源 C.平原主要的经济作物是棉花 D.地有色金属矿产资源丰富,C,右图为世界某大陆地形剖面图，回答36题：,5.下列地理现象叙述正确的是A处所在地形区易出现寒潮、飓风等灾 害性天气B处是大陆板块与大陆板块碰撞形成的C处受寒流影响，形成热带荒漠带D处北部铁矿储量丰富,A,图为世界某区域示意图 完成下列问题。,(1)圣劳伦斯河是世界上水位最稳定的河流之一，说明其原因。比较、河段水文特征的差异。,流域内降水的季节变化小，五大湖的调节作用明显。河段较河段流速快、流量小，冰期短。,(2)简述“雪带”(降雪
7、量明显多于周边地区)分布的特点，并解释原因。,分布在湖的东、南岸。五大湖地区冬季多西风和西北风；冷空气经过湖面时，增温增湿；经过湖面后，暖空气上升，水汽凝结形成降雪，出现雪带。,读北美0等温线分布图，回答下列问题。,（1）此图是 季的气温分布示意图，等温线发生弯曲的根本原因是,（2）请从高到低排列O、P、Q三地气温顺序：,冬,海陆热力性质影响,OQP,（3）请分析O、P、Q三地气温差异的原因：,O地受西风影响，且受阿拉斯加暖流影响，所以气温最高。Q地受高纬寒冷气流影响；但受墨西哥湾暖流影响，气温较P高。P地容易受高纬寒冷空气南下影响，气温最低。,六、人口和民族,七、农业和工业,目录,CONTE
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