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1、 毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译学院 (系)： 机械工程学院 专 业： 机械工程及自动化 姓 名： 学 号： (用外文写)外文出处： Manufacturing Engineering and Technology-Machining 附 件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。 指导教师评语：此翻译文章简单介绍Komatsu先进的液压系统，并详细介绍了先进的液压传动装置，并对计算机控制的自动变速系统进行了详细的描述，翻译用词比较准确，文笔也较为通顺，为在以后工作中接触英文资料打下了基础。 签名： 年 月 日附件1：外文资料翻译译文Komatsu先进的液压系统操作舒适，生产能力大人性化设计的驾
2、驶室既宽敞又实用。宽大的有色玻璃窗给操作员极大的视线。带扶手五挡调节座椅，短行程手摇杆，上位开启前窗和带杠杆的驾驶用的脚踏板，所有这些都起到有助于操作员最大限度地提高产量的作用。操作噪声低这完全是因为有先进的OLSS液压系统以及封闭式发动机室和具有橡胶支垫的发动机。所有这一切都有助于降低驾驶室的噪声。手控操作杆使得施工设备的操作轻而易举。安装在扶手上的手控操作杆最大行程仅为65mm(2.6in),KOMATSU比例压力控制操作系统能减少准确控制施工设备所需的操作强度。回转制动装置即使推土机停泊在坡路上也能自动防止液压漂移。操作员不再需要在施工设备作业的过程中用手握住制动装置。此外，回转控制装备
3、还配置有封闭式滑阀，以便顺利的启动和停止。行驶/驾驶控制装置脚踏板控制装置配有可拆卸的控制杆。两者可根据实际运用和操作员的偏爱加以选择使用。支垫机构在臂缸悬臂首端、铲斗缸和底部卸料缸中，能消减液压缸伸展和收缩引起的震动，从而增加操作的舒适性，延长部件的寿命。燃耗最低两种模式选择系统，挖掘效率高模式选择开关可选定泵驱动功率的两种模式：S（标准模式）或（轻负荷模式）。当需要大功率挖掘时，选择标准模式；当挖掘机用来运送轻材料或平地时，选择轻负载模式。结果，缩短了周期时间，增加了产量，减少了燃耗。三种模式选择系统H（重负荷）、S（标准负荷）和L（轻负荷）三种模式可选择提供，以便获得最匹配的选择。使用重
4、负荷模式时，由于微型计算机能根据发动机的速冻准确的控制泵的排量，故发动机输出功率被有效地转换成液压动力。最匹配的模式选择功能增加了操作的效率。自动减速系统（可供选择）当施工设备和驾驶控制设备处在无功状态时，会自动降低发动机的速度。为何在等待卸料时还要浪费燃料呢？在短时延迟后，微调控因此不会受影响，电磁阀会自动降低发动机的速度，给你节约燃料。Komatsu OLSS系统在运行过程中将液压损失减少到最低程度。这种液压辅助系统能减少三种液压损失。1. 减少空载损失：当控制杆处于空档位时，负控制阀会控制不必要的油料流动，从而液压泵排出的油量被减少到最低程度。2. 减少精确控制的损失：当需要进行平整、起
5、重、对中或给翻斗车装料这样的精确操作时，通常会浪费大量的油量，从而进一步节约燃料。3. 减少卸荷的损失：当施工设备遇到坚硬的障碍物时，通过排放液压油来保护设备免受损害。在这种情况下，OLSS系统会检测到此状况，断开阀会根据未使用的油量调节液压泵的排油量，从而极大的减少液压损失和噪声。动作流畅有力独立的回转回路配合合并臂的使用，管路能保证铲斗的动作流畅，周期时间短。这三种泵系统配有独立的回转泵，能是回转泵和合并臂或悬臂的管路共同工作且不损失速度。这一特点在平地、修坡或其他需要频繁的悬臂动作的场合中尤其可贵。（图29说明臂独立操作时的油流）圆弧或水平挖掘开关（供选择）消除了复杂的控制杆动作。三档开
6、关使操作员能够在圆弧挖掘和水平挖掘之间进行选择。在水平挖掘时，将开关调至第三档位并可开启铲斗角度补偿功能，防止溢漏。直线行驶阀自动联锁左右液压管路，即使在施工设备同时运行时，也能使推土机总是直线行驶。两速行驶使机器在极端崎岖的路面条件下火爬坡时具有极大的牵引力。宽大的作业范围和更大的车底盘保证稳定作业和最佳的施工性能。PCI600施工范围宽，挖掘力量大，是包括矿山、采石场等大型工地上的理想挖掘机。通过运用长履带、宽轨距和理想的重量平衡设计，车底盘结构稳实，使挖掘机具有极佳的稳定性和巨大的挖掘力量。Komatsu SA6D149柴油发动机保证燃料消耗低 发动机总功率大，可达808马力（604KW
7、），使得繁重的挖掘和装载变得轻而易举。采用直喷式燃油系统，极大的提高了燃烧效率。此外，采用了减少重量的设计原则和减少活动部件之间的摩擦的方法，进一步提高了节省燃料的效果。涡轮增压器和后置冷却器使得SAD140即使在高海拔的工地也能保持良好的性能。Komatsu公司质量就是标准电子监控系统显示盘不停地件事所有运行系统。如果万一发生故障，操作员立刻就能知道哪个系统出现了故障，从而节省因寻找问题而损失的宝贵时间。另外，仪表始终检测着运行时间、发动机水位和油位。最大的车底盘组件在同类产品中寿命更长。Komatsu大型推土机使用了这种底盘。此外，履带马达保护罩作为标准部件用于马达不受障碍物的损害的。全方
8、位超标准加固所有铲斗面都用110kg/mm2(156.500PSI)高抗拉强度钢板加固。悬臂和臂也采用箱型断面设计的高抗拉强度钢板。其他部位都是使用精心挑选的组件，如给主泵进油端加压用的耐用叶片泵，耐高压的液压组件，使用脉冲惰性气体钨极保护焊接的液压管道接缝，简洁的液压管路。其效果十分显著：耐用性和可靠性远远高于标准。Kawasaki 动力装载机CUMMINS（康明斯）发动机经工程考验坚固耐用这种四冲程六缸水冷涡轮增压直喷式发动机的设计始终最好的性能和最好的效率。在各种发动机转速条件下，始终都能保持最高的转矩，同时通过高效地燃料燃油空气混合气，可产生450马力（有效地）功率，以满足同类装载机的
9、各种施工要求。配有大燃料箱（620ltr），能长时间工作而无需加油。计算机控制的自动变速系统不需要令人烦恼的换挡了！一旦你用方向和速度控制杆选择好方向和“自动”位置时，计算机控制系统就会自动选择最佳的转速（前进：二、三、四挡；后退：二、三挡），让你集中精力工作。可靠的脚踏制动闸双路液压驱动的全封式侵油多盘制动闸保证转载机制动万无一失，因此只要轻踩踏板，就能灵敏的制动四个车轮。由于使用耐磨的内衬，故延长了制动闸盘的寿命。坚固的车梁、悬臂和铲斗缸托架全箱形断面车梁经加固处理后能承受动力系统组件的重量，而铲臂和铲斗缸托架则用优质的侯钢板制成，能承受震动和转载时的载荷冲击力。检查和维护更简便一按即可打
10、开散热器格栅为了方便清洗，散热器格栅能从顶部完全打开，故在发生阻塞并需要及时的清洗的工地上尤其有使用价值。发动机室开启幅度更大发动机侧盖开启的幅度更大，使得从地面检查和维护发动机和相关部件时十分容易。双结构空气净化器双元件空气净化器能过滤外来的污染空气，能给发动机提供清洁的空气。发动机停机时积累的灰尘会自动清除。发动机换油更简洁发动机换油塞布置在发动机外室，便与打开，不污染工作人员。封闭式装载机铰链销轴所有铰链销轴全部密封封入润滑脂，故不用经常维护就能得到可靠的保养。金属密封环会延长连接销和衬套的使用寿命。坐在坚固的耐用的机车里操作人员会感到舒适，以最佳的状态工作多挡可调的操作人员座椅115Z
11、IV 提供多种舒适的功能。带扶手有靠背的座椅可充分调节高度、位置、倾斜度；经精心设计，座椅的位置，视线角度，方向盘踏板和操作杆之间达到完美的平衡。座椅座套内的填芯经设计能进一步减小震动。噪音更低通过CUMMINS发动机额外多余的动力、大型排气消声器，发动机侧盖和后护栏内的隔音聚氨酯橡胶内衬以及操作室地板上的消震橡胶垫，可将操作室里的噪音减少到最低程度，同时始终保持最理想的气候条件。便利的设施和扶手上述这一切都将确保操作人员在长时间驾驶过程中始终感到舒适，不仅如此，在操作人员伸手可及的地方还布置有很多设施，如饮料杯架，托盘，储藏箱等。操作人员座椅右侧的扶手十分舒服，可前后滑动，上下调节，减少了悬
12、臂和和铲斗的繁忙操作过程中的疲劳。操作控制便利当然，方向和换挡操作杆、油门踏板、刹车踏板、铲斗和悬臂控制杆、手柄式方向盘以及选择开关和按钮，都是按照人类工程学原理设计的，操作起来得心应手。方向和换挡控制，一杆两用利用驾驶盘左侧的一根操作杆，使在变向和换挡时一蹴而就。只需要拉动控制杆就可以选择方向：向里拉就后退，向外推就前进，同时转动杆就能选择所需要的前进或后退的速度。附件2：外文原文Komatsu Advanced Hydraulic SystemOperator Comfort for Maximum ProductivityHuman engineered cab is both room
13、y and efficient. The large area of tinted glass allows the operator excellent visibility. Five-way seat with arm rest, short stroke wrist-control lever，pull-up front window and travel pedals with levers work together to help you operator maximize productionWrist control levers for easy work equipmen
14、t operation. The armrest-mounted wrist control levers have a maximum stroke of only 65mm and Komatsus Proportional pressure Control System reduces operating effort for precise control of work equipment.Swing holding brake automatically prevents hydraulic drift of the machine even when its parked on
15、a slope. The operator is no longer required to physically maintain a braking device during work equipment operation. Also, the swing control is equipped with a closed center spool valve for smooth starts and stops.Travel/steering controls are foot pedals with detachable lever controls. Either can be
16、 used depending on an application and 0pator preference.Cushion mechanism in the arm cylinder and head end of boom, bucket cylinders and bottom dump cylinder absorbs operating shocks from cylinder extension and retraction, increasing both operating comfort and component life (Fig.26)Minimized Fuel C
17、onsumptionTwo-mode selection system for high excavation efficiency the mode selection switch detem1ines pump driving horsepower in either two staves (standard) or L (Light -duty) mode. When powerful excavation is required, select the S mod. Choose the L mode when the excavator is engaged in loading
18、light materials or leveling work (Fig. 27). As a result, cycle time is shortened for increased production and reduced fuel consumption.Three mode selection system H (Heavy-duty), S (Standard) and L (Light-duty) is optionally available to obtain best matched selection. On the H mode, since the microc
19、omputer precisely controls oil discharge volume from pumps in response to engine speed, engin1e output power is effectively converted into hydraulic power. The best-matched mode selection enhances operating efficiency.Auto decelerator system (option) autocratically reduces engine speed when work equ
20、ipment and travel controls are in neutral. Why waste fuel waiting on the dump truck? Following a short time delay, so fine control work will not be affected; a solenoid valve automatically slows the engine and saves you fuel.Komatsu OLSS System minimizes hydraulic loss during operation. This hydraul
21、ic sub-system function to reduce three types of hydraulic loss. Reduction of neutral loss:When control levers are positioned in neutral, unnecessary oil flow is profited by the Negative Control valve so the amount of oil discharged from the hydraulic pumps is reduced to a minimum. Reduction of relie
22、f loss:When the work equipment hits a hard obstacle, oil is Fig.28 Komatsu OLSS system drained to protect it from damage. In such a case ，the OLSS senses and the status and the cut-off valve regulates oil output from the pumps in response to the amount of unused oil, resulting1 in greatly reduced hy
23、draulic loss and noise.Smooth Powerful OperationIndependent swing circuit combined with the use of merged arm circuits provide smooth bucket movements and fast cyc1e time. This three pump system with an independent swing pump allows compound operation of the swing and arm and/or boom circuit without
24、 sacrificing speed. This feature is especially valuable in leveling， slope finishing or other application where frequent arm action is required.Circu1ar arc or level digging switch (option) eliminates complex lever movements. A three way switch allows the operator to choose between circular arc or l
25、evel digging. The third switch position activates the bucket angle compensation during level digging to prevent spillage.Straight travel valve automatically interlocks the left and right hydraulic circuits allowing the machine to always travel straight, even when simultaneously operating the work eq
26、uipment.Smooth swing action is assured with a control-valve-operated swing system. Swing stops and starts are smooth and firm.Two speed travel allows the machine to achieve extra pulling power on extremely rough ground conditions or uphill travel applications.Wide working range and larger undercarri
27、age assure stable operation for maximum working performance. With its wide working range and great digging for，the PC1600 is one of the ideal excavators at large-scale jobsites inc1uding mining yards, quarries and others. Its undercarriage are sturdily built by employing long track, wide track gauge
28、 and ideal weight balance design, enabling it to obtain excellent machine stability and tremendous digging force.Komatsu SA6D140 diesel engine assures low fuel consumption. It delivers an ample 808 HP (604 KW) of total power, making easy work out of heavy-duty digging and loading. And it adopts a di
29、rect-injection fuel system for great1y improved combustion efficiency. In addition, the lightweight design and reduced friction between moving parts further boost fuel economy. The turbocharger and aftercooler allow the SA6Dl40 to maintain high performance even on high-altitude jobsitesAt Komatsu th
30、e Qua1ity is StandardElectronic monitoring system is a display panel that continuously monitors all operating systems. If a malfunction should occur ，the operator is immediately warned which system is experiencing trouble, saving valuable time lost searching for the problem. Also, gauges const1y mon
31、itor service hours, engine water temperature and fuel level.Above-standard reinforcement throughout. All bucket facets are reinforced with thick, 110kg/mm2 (156, 500 PSI) high-tensile-strength steel plate the boom and arm also have box-section designs of high-tensile-strength steel plate. Many other
32、 carefully chosen cornponents are employed throughout such as the sturdy impeller pump for pressurizing the main pump suction side, high pressure resistant hydraulic components, pulse T. 1. G. welded hydraulic piping joints and simple hydraulic piping. The result is Obvious: durability and reliabili
33、ty far above the standard.Kawasaki Power LoaderJob-proven, rugged Cummins engineThis four-cycle, six-cylinder, water-cooled, turbocharged direct-injection engine has been designed for maximum performance and efficiency. It develops a consistently high torque across a wide range of engine rpms while
34、utilizing efficient fuel-air mixture combustion, delivering 450 HP (gross) to meet all loader operating demands of its c1ass. A large fuel tank (620 ltr.) enables long operating hours without refilling.Computer-controlled automatic transmissionNo more annoying gear shifts! Once you select the direct
35、ion and Auto with the directional and speed control lever ,the optimum engine rpms and speed (forward: 2nd and 3rd) are automatically selected by the computer-control system (see figure), leaving you to concentrate on bucket loading operations only.Dependable service brakeBraking is assured withdua1
36、-line hydraulically-actuated, fully-sealed wet multi-disc brakes, so highly responsive dependable braking is deliveredall four wheels with light touch operation. And a wear-resistant lining is used for the discs to prolong the service lifeTough frame and boom and bucket cylinder bracketFull box sect
37、ion main frame has been. Strengthened to support engine and power train Component, while the boom and bucket cylinder brackets are made of quality thick plates to resist shock and loading stresses.Simplified checks and maintenanceOne-touch swing-up radiator, radiator grilleTo facilitate c1earting th
38、e radiator, the radiator grille is fully-opened at the top, particularly useful on sites where clogging occurs and immediate cleaning is needed.Wide-opening engine compartment The engine side covers can be opened wider, making it easy to check the engine and related parts the ground.Simplified engin
39、e oil drainage Engine oil drain plug is located outside the engine compartment for easy access without getting dirty.Double-structure air cleaner The double element air cleaner filters contaminated outside air to supply pure air to the engine. Accumulated dust is automatically removed when the engin
40、e stop.Sealed loader linkage pinsAll pins are fully sealed with grease to provide dependable service minimum maintenance. Metal-seal ring also extend the life of the pins and bushings.A comfortable operator, housed in a rugged machine performs at his peakMulti-adjustable operators seatThe 115ZlV pro
41、vides a wealth of functional comforts. The bucket seat with armrest is filly adjustable for height, position and tilt, and the critical ba1ance between seat location, visual political steering wheel, pedda1s and levers is carefully designed. The padding inside the fabric seat cover is designed to ab
42、sorb extra vibration.Lower noiseNoise inside the operator s compartment is minimized by the extra margin of power in the CUMMlNS engine , a large exhaust muffler, soundproofing urethane rubber lining the engine side cove and rear grille, and vibration absorbing rubber mounting on operators compartme
43、nt floor, maintaining ideal climate conditions at all timesAmenities and arm-restAll the above ensure lasting comfort during long hours at the wheel. Whats more, many extra features such as a drink holder, trays, srage box, etc. are arranged within easy reach of the operator. A comfortable 8liding a
44、nd vertically-adjusted arm-rest on the right side of the operators seat reduces fatigue during busy boom and bucket operations.Easy-access operator controlsNaturally the direction and gearshift lever ,accelerator pedal, brake pedals, bucket and boom control levers, handle-mounted steering wheel and
45、selector switches and buttons are ergonorrtica1ly designed and easy to reach.Single-lever directiona1 and gearshift controlWith a single lever on the steering column, a1l directiona1 and gearshift changes are brought to you insanely; just select the direction by pu1ling the lever toward you for reverse or push it away for forwards and turn the lever to the desired forward or reverse speed:
