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1、Base on the paper: How to read a paper- S. KeshavResearchers must read papers for several reasons: to re-view them for a conference or a class, to keep current in their field, or for a literature survey of a new field. A typical researcher will likely spend hundreds of hours every year reading paper
2、s.1. The First PassInstead of starting at the beginning and plowing your way to the end. Each pass accomplishes specic goals and builds upon the previous pass:1)The first pass gives you a general idea about the paper. 2)The second pass lets you grasp the papers content, but not its details. 3)The th
3、ird pass helps you understand the paper in depth.So,when get a paper,firstly,this first pass should take about five to ten minutes and consists of the following steps:1. Carefully read the title, abstract, and introduction.2. Read the section and sub-section headings, but ignoreeverything else3. Gla
4、nce at the mathematical content (if any) to determine the underlying theoretical foundations.4. Read the conclusions5. Glance over the references, mentally ticking of the ones youve already read.At the end of the first pass, you should be able to answerthe five Cs:1. Category: What type of paper is
5、this? A measurement paper? An analysis of an existing system? A description of a research prototype?（学术论文？会议论文？综述论文？介绍某种新算法论文？）2. Context: Which other papers is it related to? Which theoretical bases were used to analyze the problem?（论文要解决的问题是什么；基本的数学理论或者模型是什么）3. Correctness: Do the assumptions appe
6、ar to be valid?4. Contributions: What are the papers main contributions?5. Clarity: Is the paper well written?(判断的标准是研究的领域时候前沿，是否有人做过类似工作；文中的方法是否很详细；文中的思路是否很清晰等.)2. The Scond PassIn the second pass, read the paper with greater care, but ignore details such as proofs. It helps to jot down the key poi
7、nts, or to make comments in the margins, as you read. “ note down terms you didnt understand, or questions you may want to ask the author.Else,Look carefully at the figures, diagrams and other illustrations in the paper. Pay special attention to graphs. (Are the axes properly labeled? Are results sh
8、own with error bars, so that conclusions are statistically significant? )The second pass should take up to an hour for an experienced reader. After this pass, you should be able to grasp the content of the paper. You should be able to summarize the main thrust of the paper, with supporting evidence,
9、 to someone else.In addition, Remember to mark relevant unread references for further reading (this is a good way to learn more about the background of the paper，and this program easily be ignored).Sometimes you wont understand a paper even at the end of the second pass. This may be because the subj
10、ect matter is new to you, with unfamiliar terminology and acronyms. Or it could just be that its late at night and youre tired. You can now choose to: (a) set the paper aside, hoping you dont need to understand the material to be successful in your career, (b) return to the paper later, perhaps afte
11、r reading background material or (c) persevere and go on to the third pass.3. The Third PassThe key to the third pass is to attempt to virtually re-implement the paper: that is,making the same assumptions as the authors, re-create the work. By comparing this re-creation with the actual paper,you can
12、 easily identify not only a papers innovations, but also its hidden failings and assumptions.This pass requires great attention to detail. You shouldidentify and challenge every assumption in every statement. Moreover, you should think about how you yourself would present a particular idea. （如果是自己会怎
13、么设计方法？）.This comparison of the actual with the virtual lends a sharp insight into the proof and presentation techniques in the paper and you can very likely add this to your repertoire of tools. During this pass, you should also jot down ideas for future work.This pass can take many hours for beginn
14、ers and morethan an hour or two even for an experienced reader. At theend of this pass, you should be able to reconstruct the entirestructure of the paper from memory, as well as be able toidentify its strong and weak points. In particular, you shouldbe able to pinpoint implicit assumptions, missing
15、 citationsto relevant work, and potential issues with experimental oranalytical techniques.(Thats mean you should find out what work the author have done and what can be improved.)基本的疑问总结：1、论文主要解决的问题是什么？ 2、这个问题重要吗？为什么？ 我为什么要读这篇文献？ 是否有人做过？ 3、A 通过图表，你会得到什么结论？ B 图表说明什么问题？能否说明该问题 自己要得到这张图会用什么方法？ 作者用的是什么
16、方法？ C 你能够重新画出这张图，用自己的语言表达吗？ 4、作者采用什么方法来解决这个问题？假设是什么？理论依据是什么？ 待添加的隐藏文字内容3这些方法是否符合论证命题的需要？ 通过这个方法，你觉得大概能得到怎样的结果？ 是否有能得到更好结果的方法或更加简单的方法？ 他为什么这样设计试验？是怎么想到的？有什么创新？你为什么没有想到？ 5、A 这些设计能否满足需要？为什么？这种方法有什么缺陷或进一步需要阐明的地方? 结 果分析统计方法有什么缺陷 B 这些试验是如何组织起来的，之间的逻辑关系是什么？每项试验都有什么意义？哪些是 必要的？哪些是不必要的？ C 如果是我得到这样的结果，我会得到什么结论
17、？ 6、A 文章的结论是什么？和你想的差异在哪里？ B 结论可靠性如何？对原来的结论有什么支持或变化？ 你如何评价？ C 讨论中是如何从已知的知识得到结论的 6、自己会怎么设计方法来解决？ 7、A 试验结果是否支持文章的结论 问题、设计、方法和讨论的逻辑关系是什么，作者是如何达到目的的？有哪些哲学思想和技巧？ B 还有哪些不确定采用的是推测的地方？为什么不确定？我能否进一步确定？ C 文章是如何描述结果、如何解析图表趋势，论据如何组合，如何表达自己的观点？ 8、和同类文献，有什么共同点和不同点？ 9、和以前的文献，作者思路上有什么变化，下一步是什么？我能否有进一步改进或者加入？ 10、别人还有哪些地方没做？要是我接着此方向继续做，哪些是在我所在工作条件下可以做的，哪些必须要做，哪些别人肯定比我做得更好更快？
