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1、外文翻译原文Computer programming data structure is an important theoretical basis for the design, it is not only the core curriculum of computer disciplines, and has become a popular elective course other Polytechnic professional, so studied this course well and studied computer are closely related.一、the
2、concept of data structureComputer data structure is the foundation of science and technology professional classes, is the essential core curriculum. All computer system software and application software to use various types of data structures. Therefore, if we want to make better use of computers to
3、 solve practical problems, only to several computer programming languages are difficult to cope with the many complex issues. To the effective use of computers, give full play to computer performance, but also must learn and master relevant knowledge of data structure. A solid foundation of data str
4、ucture for learning other computer professional courses, such as operating systems, translation theory, database management systems, software engineering, artificial intelligence, etc. are very useful.二、why should learn from data structure？In the early development of computers, the use of computer d
5、esigned primarily to deal with terms. When we use the computer to solve a specific problem, the following general needs through several steps : the first is a specific problem of appropriate abstract mathematical models, and then design or choose a mathematical model of the algorithm,the final proce
6、dures for debugging, testing, until they have the ultimate answer. Since then the object is INTEGER, REAL, BOOLEAN, the procedures of the main designers of energy is focused on programming skills, without attention to the data structure. With the expansion of computer applications and development of
7、 software and hardware, the issue of non-terms increasing importance. According to statistics, Now dealing with the issue of non-occupancy of more than 90% of the machine time. Such issues involve more complex data structure, the relationships between data elements generally can not be described by
8、mathematical formula. Therefore, the key to solving such problems is no longer mathematical analysis and calculations, but to devise appropriate data structure, can effectively address the problem. Description of the terms of such non-mathematical model is not a mathematical equation, but such as ta
9、bles, trees, such as map data structure. Therefore, it can be said that data structure courses primarily designed to study the issue of non-value calculation procedures as a computer operations and the relationship between objects and their operating disciplines. The purpose of the study is to under
10、stand the structure of data for computer processing of the identity object to the practical problems involved in dealing with that subject at the computer out and deal with them. At the same time, through training algorithms to improve the thinking ability of students through procedures designed to
11、promote student skills integrated applications and professional qualities.三、the concepts and terminologySystematic study of knowledge in the data structure before some of the basic concepts and terminology to give a precise meaning. Data (Data) is the information carrier, it could be computer identi
12、fication, storage and processing. It is the computer processing of raw materials, a variety of data processing applications. Computer science, computer processing is the so-called data objects, which can be numerical data can be non - numerical data. Numerical data are integer, the actual number or
13、plural, mainly for engineering computing, scientific computing and commercial processing; Non - numerical data, including characters, text, graphics, images, voice and so on.Data elements (Data Element) is the basic unit of data. In different conditions, data elements can be called elements, nodes,
14、the peak, recording. For example, students information retrieval system table information, a record high, 8 Queens issue of a state tree, teaching programming issues such as a peak, known as a data element. Sometimes, a data from a number of data elements (Data Item), for example, the student inform
15、ation management system students each data element table is a student record. It includes students of the school, name, sex, nationality, date of birth, performance data items. These data items can be divided into two types : one called early such as student gender, origin, etc., these data were no
16、longer divided in data processing, the smallest units; Another called portfolio, the performance of students who, it can be divided into mathematics, physics, chemistry and other smaller items. Normally, in addressing the question of the practical application of each student is recorded as a basic u
17、nit for a visit and treatment.Data objects (Data Object) or data element type (Data Element Class) is the nature of the data elements with the same pool. In a specific issue, the data elements have the same nature (not necessarily equal value elements), belonging to the same data objects (data eleme
18、nt type), the data element is an example of such data elements. For example, traffic information systems in the transportation network, is a culmination of all the data elements category, peak a and B each represent an urban middle is the data elements of the two types of examples of the value of th
19、eir data elements a and B respectively. Data structure (Data Structure) refers to the mutual relationship that exists between one or more data elements together. In any case, between data elements will not be isolated in between them exist in one way or another, such as the relationship between the
20、data element structure. According to the data elements of the relationship between different characteristics, usually have the following four basic categories of the structure : 1 assembly structures. In the assembly structure, the relationship between data elements is belonging to the same pool. As
21、sembly elements relations is a very loose structure. 2 linear structures. The structure of the data elements exist between one-to-one relationship. 3 tree structure. The structure of the data elements exist between hierarchical relationship. 4graphics structure. The structure of the data elements of
22、 the relationship that existed between Duoduiduo, graphics structure also known as network structure.C+Builder programming experience一、Database programmingAnd the use of Delphi, Borland C+Builder BDE (Borland Database Engine) database interface, in particular its use BDE Administrator unified manage
23、ment database alias, the database operation has nothing to do with the location of the database documents, thus enabling database development easier operation. But in a database application procedures at the same time we have to release BDE, the database for some simple procedures may BDE than our o
24、wn design procedures big, but as the use of BDE InstallShield, add database alias is likely allocation failure. Therefore, we can use the following methods : still in the design stage procedure using BDE alias management database for debugging, but in procedures substantially (as in the main Chuangt
25、i OnCreate event processing function) to Table components DatabaseName attributes, such as the use of similar phrases as follows : Table1-DatabaseName = ExtractFilePath (Application-ExeName); Or Table1-DatabaseName = ExtractFilePath (Application-ExeName+ DB);Thus, no impact on the debugging phase, w
26、ill be issued if the application procedures Table1 document on the use of databases or their current catalogue DB virus, database procedures can be normal operation. You can even be a database to catalogue the documents in the form of character string Register (installed in the installation process)
27、, then the procedure in the acquisition of substantially from the catalogue of payrolls, Fuzhi DatabaseName attribute to be. Anyway, you do not need to install relatively large BDE forced users.二、the Registry visitAs in the design process we often required 9x/NT Windows Registry information visit, s
28、uch as retrieval of information procedures, preservation of information. Register write a subroutine to visit necessary. When the Register to visit, the library will be directly available without always some duplication operation. The following can be used to access cosmetic Licheng, the character s
29、tring type Jianzhi, and the retrieval of failure to return default value Default.#include int ReadIntFromReg(HKEY Root, AnsiString Key,AnsiString KeyName, int Default) int KeyValue;TRegistry *Registry = new TRegistry();Registry-RootKey = Root;Registry-OpenKey(Key, false);try KeyValue = Registry-Read
30、Integer(KeyName);catch(.) KeyValue = Default;delete Registry;return KeyValue;void SaveIntToReg(HKEY Root, AnsiString Key,AnsiString KeyName, int KeyValue) TRegistry *Registry = new TRegistry();Registry-RootKey = Root;Registry-OpenKey(Key, true);Registry-WriteInteger(KeyName, KeyValue);delete Registr
31、y;char *ReadStringFromReg(HKEY Root, AnsiString Key,AnsiString KeyName, char *Default) AnsiString KeyValue;TRegistry *Registry = new TRegistry();Registry-RootKey = Root;Registry-OpenKey(Key, false);try KeyValue = Registry-ReadString(KeyName);catch(.) KeyValue = (AnsiString)Default;delete Registry;re
32、turn KeyValue.c_str();void SaveStringToReg(HKEY Root, AnsiString Key, AnsiString KeyName, char *KeyValue) TRegistry *Registry = new TRegistry();Registry-RootKey = Root;Registry-OpenKey(Key, true);Registry-WriteString(KeyName, (AnsiString)KeyValue);delete Registry; We may use the following access met
33、hods (to Windows wallpaper documents) :AnsiString WallPaperFileName = ReadStringFromReg(HKEY_CURRENT_USER,Control PanelDesktop, Wallpaper, );三、show / hide icons task column Standard Windows applications generally operating in the mission mandate column on the chart shows, users can directly use the
34、mouse clicking column logo for the mission task cut over, but some applications do not use task column signs, such as the typical Office tools, There are also procedures that can be shown or hidden customization tasks column icon, such as Winamp. We can do the procedure, as long as access Windows Se
35、tWindowLong function can drive, as follows : / hidden task column chart : SetWindowLong (Application-Handle. GWL_EXSTYLE, WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW); / task column shows signs : SetWindowLong (Application-Handle. GWL_EXSTYLE, WS_EX_APPWINDOW);四、the establishment of a simple on windowA complete Windows applic
36、ations typically contain a on the window to show version information. We customized a dialog box as usual on the window of the on free customized window, indicates that more information, even including super links. If only show simple version information, Windows ShellAbout function shelf items have
37、 sufficient, following this line of code can be on Duihuakuang and is Windows standard on the Duihuakuang and procedures may show signs such as the use of resources and systems. ShellAbout (Handle, ( on +Application-Title+ #). C_str () ( n +Application-Title+ V1.0nn + 夏登城 版权所有！). C_str () Applicatio
38、n-Icon-Handle);五、the two methods to choice catalogueIn our applications, allowing users to choose the regular catalogue, such as software manufacturers, users choose catalogue. This involves catalogue option, we may use the following methods for users to choose one of the catalogue : 1, use SHBrowse
39、ForFolder and SHGetPathFromIDList function; Company affirms its function as follows : WINSHELLAPI LPITEMIDLIST WINAPI SHBrowseForFolder(LPBROWSEINFO lpbi); WINSHELLAPI BOOL WINAPI SHGetPathFromIDList(LPCITEMIDLIST pidl, LPSTR pszPath); LPBROWSEINFO和LPITEMIDLIST structure refer Win32 files. This meth
40、od of selecting catalogues available Windows desktop all available inventory, including networks of other computers sharing catalogue neighbors, but not the new catalogue. Li Cheng allows users to choose the following directory, the directory of choice Licheng return at all trails character string.#
41、include char *GetDir(char *DisplayName, HWND Owner) char dirMAX_PATH = ;BROWSEINFO *bi = new BROWSEINFO;bi-hwndOwner = Owner;bi-pidlRoot = NULL;bi-pszDisplayName = NULL;bi-lpszTitle = DisplayName;bi-ulFlags = BIF_RETURNONLYFSDIRS;bi-lpfn = NULL;bi-lParam = NULL;bi-iImage = 0;ITEMIDLIST *il = SHBrows
42、eForFolder(bi);if(il!=NULL) SHGetPathFromIDList(il, dir);delete bi;return dir;We can use the following list to be chosen from : AnsiString at Dir = (AnsiString) GetDir ( Please select catalogue : Handle);2, the use of SelectDirectory function. C+Builder the function SelectDirectory achievable catalo
43、gue of options, which showed that similar open / preserve Duihuakuang, but its advantage is to use / non-use keyboard input catalogue members, and allow the creation of new directories. Its original definition as follows : Extern package bool _fastcall SelectDirectory ( AnsiString &Directory, TSelec
44、tDirOpts Options, 103-116 HelpCtx); Licheng SelectDir allow you to choose the following directory : #include AnsiString SelectDir(AnsiString Dir) if(SelectDirectory(Dir, TSelectDirOpts() sdAllowCreate sdPerformCreate sdPrompt,0)return Dir;elsereturn ;for the following redeployed to the users choice
45、catalogue : AnsiString SelectedDir = SelectDir ( C:My Documents);外文翻译译文数据结构是计算机程序设计的重要理论设计基础，它不仅是计算机学科的核心课程，而且已成为其他理工专业的热门选修课，所以学好这门课程是与学好计算机专业是息息相关的。一，数据结构的概念数据结构是计算机科学与技术专业的专业基础课，是十分重要的核心课程。所有的计算机系统软件和应用软件都要用到各种类型的数据结构。因此，要想更好地运用计算机来解决实际问题，仅掌握几种计算机程序设计语言是难以应付众多复杂的课题的。要想有效地使用计算机、充分发挥计算机的性能，还必须学习和掌握
46、好数据结构的有关知识。打好“数据结构”这门课程的扎实基础，对于学习计算机专业的其他课程，如操作系统、编译原理、数据库管理系统、软件工程、人工智能等都是十分有益的。二，为什么要学习数据结构在计算机发展的初期，人们使用计算机的目的主要是处理数值计算问题。当我们使用计算机来解决一个具体问题时，一般需要经过下列几个步骤：首先要从该具体问题抽象出一个适当的数学模型，然后设计或选择一个解此数学模型的算法，最后编出程序进行调试、测试，直至得到最终的解答。例如，求解梁架结构中应力的数学模型的线性方程组，该方程组可以使用迭代算法来求解。由于当时所涉及的运算对象是简单的整型、实型或布尔类型数据，所以程序设计者的主
47、要精力是集中于程序设计的技巧上，而无须重视数据结构。随着计算机应用领域的扩大和软、硬件的发展，非数值计算问题越来越显得重要。据统计，当今处理非数值计算性问题占用了90%以上的机器时间。这类问题涉及到的数据结构更为复杂，数据元素之间的相互关系一般无法用数学方程式加以描述。因此，解决这类问题的关键不再是数学分析和计算方法，而是要设计出合适的数据结构，才能有效地解决问题。描述这类非数值计算问题的数学模型不再是数学方程，而是诸如表、树、图之类的数据结构。因此，可以说数据结构课程主要是研究非数值计算的程序设计问题中所出现的计算机操作对象以及它们之间的关系和操作的学科。学习数据结构的目的是为了了解计算机处
48、理对象的特性，将实际问题中所涉及的处理对象在计算机中表示出来并对它们进行处理。与此同时，通过算法训练来提高学生的思维能力，通过程序设计的技能训练来促进学生的综合应用能力和专业素质的提高。三，有关概念和术语在系统地学习数据结构知识之前，先对一些基本概念和术语赋予确切的含义。数据（Data）是信息的载体，它能够被计算机识别、存储和加工处理。它是计算机程序加工的原料，应用程序处理各种各样的数据。计算机科学中，所谓数据就是计算机加工处理的对象，它可以是数值数据，也可以是非数值数据。数值数据是一些整数、实数或复数，主要用于工程计算、科学计算和商务处理等；非数值数据包括字符、文字、图形、图像、语音等。数据元素（Data Element）是数据的基本单位。在不同的条件下，数据元素又可称为元素、结点、顶点、记录等。例如，学生信息检索系统中学生信息表中的一个记录、八皇后问
