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1、Unit 4 3 kinds of fatigue Key to ExercisesI. Comprehension Check l.C 2.D 3.A 4.D 5.D 6.B 7.A 8.C 9.D l0.AII. Vocabulary Study I.l.Physical 2 accumulation 3. diversity 4. precipitated 5. muscular 6. pathological 7. symptomatic 8. vigorous 9. psychologically 10. Anxiety 1l. restored 12. refreshedII. l
2、. manifestation 2. resume 3. precipitate 4. consequence 5. diverse 6. a skimpy 7. taxing 8. prolong9. overlooked l0. vigor 11l. enhanced l2. relapseIII. (略)III. Clozel.A 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.C 8.C 9.B 10.Dll.C l2.D l3. C l4.B l5.A 16.A 17. D l8. C 19. D 20.BlV. Translationl. I find that walking alo
3、ng the quiet lake can provide refreshment from a days sedentary job.2. Exercising and relaxing yourse1f is often prescribed as an effective cure for fatigue.3. The less active you are, the faster this aging process accelerates, and the more vulnerable youbecome to physical and psychoIogica1 problems
4、.4. Even if you keep up dieting, you cannot reduce to the point where you achieve the kind of body-shaping you want.5. People thought he had happy late years during which time he did litt1e but slept and ate, yet he was often tired and depressed.6. In the past when hay was baled by hand and laundry
5、scrubbed on a washboard, people seldom complained of tiredness. However, people feel dragged out and complain a lot in the modern time of 1aborsaving devices and convenient transportation.参考译文 论三种疲劳 简布罗迪1 疲劳是人们向医生、朋友和亲戚经常抱怨的问题之一。或许你会认为在这个拥有各种节省体力装置和方便交通设施的时代，没有人会有理由感到如此疲劳、然而，与用手捆干草。用搓衣板洗衣服的过去相比，今天抱怨
6、疲劳的人却更多了。2现代疲劳症的原因各种各样；但是很少与过多的体力消耗活动有关、相对而言，为数不多的整天干重活的人他们从不抱怨劳累，这也许是因为他们都预料到了。今天，据医生们说，疲劳是由于过少的活动所至，而不是由于过多活动导致。其实，增加体力活动往往是 治愈人们体力消耗的一个处方。3疲劳主要有三种类型：4 第一，身体上的。这是一门所熟知的由于肌肉过多运动而产生的新陈代谢物二氧化碳和乳酸在血液里积累并耗尽体力的结果。你体内这些化学物质太多，你的肌肉就不能持续有效地工作。身体上的劳累通常是一种令人愉快的疲惫；比如你在打过一场激烈的网球、劈木柴或者爬山之后就会有这种体验。这种治愈方法既简单而又见效快
7、,你休息时,给你的身体一个消除累积废物从而恢复肌肉机能的机会。i第二，病理上的。疲劳是一些潜在的身体功能紊乱的警告信号或结果，比如常见的感冒、流感或者像其他更为严重的疾病，如糖尿病、癌症等。通常，除了疲劳外，会出现表明疲劳真正原因的其他症状。6大病痊愈之后；你很有可能在一周或一周多的时间里感到疲劳、即使你所得的只是一场感冒，在你完全恢复的阶段里，你应该视疲劳为放慢节奏的信号。如过早地恢复全部活动，则可能引起旧病复发，并且很有可能延长你的疲劳期7即使生病不是长期疲劳的常见的原因，但疲劳仍不容忽视。所以，无论谁如果觉得自己连续几周精力不济时，都应该进行一次彻底的体检、然而，即使通过各种检查未查出你
8、有什么病；这也并不意味着你全然无恙。8第三，C理上的情绪问题和烦恼，特别是忧郁和焦虑是长期疲劳的最常见的原因、疲劳可以是一种保护机制，阻碍你去正视你感到压抑的真正原因；比如你厌恶你的工作；疲劳也是你体内的一种安全阀，用以表达压抑的情绪上的烦恼，比如你感到陷进了一个不能发挥作用的工作或者一个不幸的婚姻当这种情感不能公开得以宣泄时，身体上就往往会产 生某些症状，疲劳则是最常见的表现形式。“许多极度疲劳的人甚至不知道自己患了抑郁 症，”布莱特博士说，“他们根本不去注意自己的情绪，或者说他们只担“自己的疲劳，以至于没有意识到自己的抑郁底”9你自己就有很多方法来解决严重的长期疲劳症和那些周期性的疲劳感，
9、维他命和镇静剂从来就不是正确的解决办法，安眠药和酒精只能产生副作用，而咖啡充其量也只能暂时解决问题，如果滥用还会适得其反；引起令生活不得安宁的焦虑症状。相反，你不妨试一试以下的做法：10第一，饮食。如果你只吃少许的早餐或者根本不吃早餐的话，你在上午的中段时间里就很有可能感到疲乏其结果是，你的身体和大脑所依赖的能量血糖就会降低、为在上午时间获取最大能量，你应该进一些合适的早餐，如含糖量低、蛋白质较高的食物，这样的早餐将给你整个上午以稳定的血糖供应。咖啡和面包圈比任何食物都差，只能使你在短时间内精神抖擞，而后便会萎靡不振。11 第二，锻炼身体。与你想像的相反，体育锻炼不是消耗体力而是增强体力。有规
10、律的体育锻炼，比如慢跑、骑车和游泳都能增强身体承受工作负荷的能力，从而抵制疲劳。于是，你便不会那么快地感到疲劳了，这是因为你身体的承受力比以前增大了。12体育锻炼同时又具有人们公认的安心静神的效果。它有助于你以更为轻松愉快的心态工作，而不至于被一天的紧张拖垮一天过后，体育锻炼会减缓你积累的紧张，使你晚间精力更加充沛，帮助你平静地入睡13第三，睡眠。如果你因为睡眠不足而感到疲劳时，解决的办法很简单：早些上床睡觉。每个人睡眠所需的时间不同，而且随着年龄的增长而减少，找到你最合适的睡眠时间量并朝着这个目标而努力吧。对于失眠和睡眠方面的其他病症不能用安眠药、酒精或镇静剂来治疗；实际上，这些只能恶化病情
11、。14 第四，自知之明。尽力把最困难的工作安排在你一天中精力最充沛的阶季曼。有些人属于一到下午就累的“上午工作效率最高的人”；而另外一些人则在晚上工作效率最高、不要使自己承担过多的事情，不要竭力以最快的步伐攀登成功的阶梯，或者去满足每个人的需要和期望。决定去做你要做的事情和你能轻松处理的事情，学部巨绝那些额外的要求。认识 你自己的能量周期，并且据此做出计划。许多妇女在月经期前都有一个情绪低潮点，在这一期间需要额外的睡眠，而要求苛刻的任务则尤其会令人筋疲力尽。15 第五，休息。不论你的工作多么有趣，要求多么高，如果你能偶尔停下来，伸展一下肢体，换一换环境，你工作起来就会更力。精力充沛。不要在休息
12、时喝咖啡，吃甜食，而应该试着去冥思，做一做瑜伽术、健美儒或者轻松地散散步，甚至沿着楼梯上下来回跑也能给你久坐的工作带来清新的感觉如果你从事的是体力劳动，那么就找一个安静的地方放松一下。“做一些不同的事情”的原则也适用于放假、“完全远离工作”一周、两周或更长时间会令你恢复活力，有助于你正确地处理事情，并且使你体假回来后能更 缺陷。因特网不是第一种被人们视为万能药的技术，也肯定不会是最后一种。Key to Supplementary ReadingsA 1. A 2.C 3. B 4.D 5.A 6.AB 1. T 2.F 3. F 4.T 5.T 6.FEditors note: Judson
13、Jones is a meteorologist, journalist and photographer. He has freelanced with CNN for four years, covering severe weather from tornadoes to typhoons. Follow him on Twitter: jnjonesjr (CNN) - I will always wonder what it was like to huddle around a shortwave radio and through the crackling static fro
14、m space hear the faint beeps of the worlds first satellite - Sputnik. I also missed watching Neil Armstrong step foot on the moon and the first space shuttle take off for the stars. Those events were way before my time.As a kid, I was fascinated with what goes on in the sky, and when NASA pulled the
15、 plug on the shuttle program I was heartbroken. Yet the privatized space race has renewed my childhood dreams to reach for the stars.As a meteorologist, Ive still seen many important weather and space events, but right now, if you were sitting next to me, youd hear my foot tapping rapidly under my d
16、esk. Im anxious for the next one: a space capsule hanging from a crane in the New Mexico desert.Its like the set for a George Lucas movie floating to the edge of space.You and I will have the chance to watch a man take a leap into an unimaginable free fall from the edge of space - live.The (lack of)
17、 air up there 待添加的隐藏文字内容2Watch man jump from 96,000 feet Tuesday, I sat at work glued to the live stream of the Red Bull Stratos Mission. I watched the balloons positioned at different altitudes in the sky to test the winds, knowing that if they would just line up in a vertical straight line we woul
18、d be go for launch.I feel this mission was created for me because I am also a journalist and a photographer, but above all I live for taking a leap of faith - the feeling of pushing the envelope into uncharted territory.The guy who is going to do this, Felix Baumgartner, must have that same feeling,
19、 at a level I will never reach. However, it did not stop me from feeling his pain when a gust of swirling wind kicked up and twisted the partially filled balloon that would take him to the upper end of our atmosphere. As soon as the 40-acre balloon, with skin no thicker than a dry cleaning bag, scra
20、ped the ground I knew it was over.How claustrophobia almost grounded supersonic skydiverWith each twist, you could see the wrinkles of disappointment on the face of the current record holder and capcom (capsule communications), Col. Joe Kittinger. He hung his head low in mission control as he told B
21、aumgartner the disappointing news: Mission aborted.The supersonic descent could happen as early as Sunday.The weather plays an important role in this mission. Starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. T
22、he balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (the troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. It will climb higher than the tip of Mount Everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 mi
23、les/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. As he crosses the boundary layer (called the tropopause), he can expect a lot of turbulence.The balloon will slowly drift to the edge of space at 120,000 feet (22.7 miles/36.53 kilometers). Here, Fearless Felix will unclip. He will roll back the door.T
24、hen, I would assume, he will slowly step out onto something resembling an Olympic diving platform.Below, the Earth becomes the concrete bottom of a swimming pool that he wants to land on, but not too hard. Still, hell be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the de
25、ep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound - 690 mph (1,110 kph) - in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air c
26、loser to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him completely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes its not needed. Instead, he plans to deploy his 270-square-foot (25-square-meter) main chute at an al
27、titude of around 5,000 feet (1,524 meters).In order to deploy this chute successfully, he will have to slow to 172 mph (277 kph). He will have a reserve parachute that will open automatically if he loses consciousness at mach speeds.Even if everything goes as planned, it wont. Baumgartner still will
28、 free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).It might not be the moon, but Kittinger free fell from 102,800 feet in 1960 - at the dawn of an infamous space race that captured the hearts of many. Baumgartner will attempt to break that record, a feat that boggles the mind. This is one of those monumental moments I will always remember, because there is no way Id miss this.
