《电子专业外文翻译3.doc》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《电子专业外文翻译3.doc（7页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、A TRANSLATINGThere can be no doubt that the 1900s is remembered as the electronic century.Of course there have been other great advances,in medicine,intransport,inscience,in commerce,and many other fields,but where would they have been without the instruments and devices that electronics has provide
2、d? How would you see a 3D virtual image of your beating heart with no electronics? How would you get money out of the bank on a Sunday night without electronics? Would you go to a pop concert that had no amplifiers,large screens or lighting effects? Dont sayyou would rather watch TV-there would not
3、be any.Electronics in the only 20th century started thriving at a greater speed unlike the per-20th century developments.The radio invented by the Italian genius Marconi and the work of Henry Hertz opened the road to further discoveries and inventions.The vacuum tubes at that time worked as a miracu
4、lous component for the radio devices.The invention of the television was a miraculous thing for the mankind.It was revolution in both communication technology and also for the world media.The distances between the continents did not seem to be far enough.The credit goes to the British engineer John
5、Logic Baird who followed the footprints of Marconi and tried to send the images in the same way as the speech.After a long experiment he found that a series of static pictures if sent within a small interval of time in between them,seem to be moving.The real electronics what it is called today was a
6、ctually started after the discovery of the transistor effect.Transistor opened the road for the electronics and more importantly it opened the road for the computing world.Computers of various types started hitting the market and the research works got a boost.Some other problems were also there lik
7、e the assembling of the electronic components on a single mother board.Jack Kilby in Texas Instruments found a very nice solution.He suggested to throw away all the wires and tried to connect the resistors,capacitors and transistors on the same piece of wafer internally.Surprisingly his ideas worked
8、 and gave birth to the integrated circuit industries.As a students majoring in the electronic technology,you will study many courses such as:1.Direct Current Circuits & Alternating Current circuitsThis course covers the fundamental theory of passive devices (resistors,capacitor and inductor) and ele
9、ctrical networks supplied by a DC source,and then an introduction to the effects of alternating voltage and current in passive electrical circuits in given.This module also covers DC machines,three phase machines and transformers.2.Analog ElectronicsThis module introduces the characteristics of semi
10、conductor devices in a range of linear applications and electronic circuits consisting of these devices.The following specific topics are covered.Semiconductor diodes: PN junction diodes,special purpose diodes; Transistors:field effect and bipolar transistors; Signal amplifiers: practical amplifiers
11、, biasing circuioperational amplifiers circuit; Other circuits: rectification, regulation and DC power supplies.3.Digital ElectronicsIn this unit the following topics are covered: basic concepts about Logic circuit,number representations,combinatorial logic circuits,sequential logic circuits,introdu
12、ction to CMOS digital circuits, logic operations theorems and Boolean algebra,number operations(binary,hex and integers), combinatorial logic analysissynthesis,sequentiallogicanalysisand synthesis,registers,counters,bus systems,CAD tools for logic design.4.Microcontroller SystemsThe use of computers
13、 and microcontrollers is now found in every field of the electronics industry.This use will continue to grow at a rapid pace as computers become more complex and powerful.The ability to program these devices will make a student an invaluable asset to the growing electronic industry.This module enabl
14、es the student to program a simple microcontroller to perform typical industrial tasks.Assembler and C are used to program the MPU(Microprocessor Unit).The student will set up the internal devices such as RS232 port,timer,interrupts,counters,I/O ports,ADC etc.The program will then use these devices
15、for control operations.5.Computer Programming for Engineering ApplicationsIt is a continuation of more advanced programming techniques.The language of C will be used for teaching purposes.Emphasis is towards the use of programming for engineering applications and problem solving.The electronic techn
16、ology will provide a sound educational foundation to enable graduates to follow a career in:electrical engineering;power and control engineering;electronics;computer engineering;telecommunications engineering etc.M0re Courses1.Signals and SystemsThis unit aims to teach some of the basic properties o
17、f many engineering signals and systems and the necessary mathematical tools that aid in this process.The particular emphasis is on the time and frequency domain modeling of linear time invariant systems.The concepts learnt in this unit will be heavily used in many units of study(in later years)in th
18、e areas of communication,control,power systems and signal processing.A basic knowledge of differentiation and integration,differential equations,and linear algebra is assumed.The following topics are covered.Continuous-time signals:classification and properties; Basic properties of systems:linearity
19、,time-invariance, causality and stability.Linear time-invariant(LTI) systems: characterization by differential equations(including state space formulation),and the convolution integral.Fourier series and Fourier Transform:definition, properties,frequency response and analysis of LTI systems based on
20、 Fourier transform,sampling,correlation and power spectral density;Laplace transform: definition,properties,and analysis of LTI systems based on Laplace transform,solution of state space equations using Laplace transform.2.Circuit Theory and DesignThis unit of study assumes a basic knowledge of elem
21、entary circuit theory and operational amplifiers provided by earlier units.One aim of the unit is to enhance understanding of key aspects of the theory electric circuits.The main goal,however,is to equip students with the specialist knowledge to design active analog filters,to have an understanding
22、of passive network design and to be in a good position to undertake further self study as required.The specific topics covered include the following:Fundamental concepts in circuit theory:network functions,characteristic frequencies;Types of filter:lowpass,bandpass etc.Review of operational amplifie
23、rs:design of first and second order filters using operational amplifiers.Cascade design.Filter characteristics:Butterworth,Chebyshev,frequency transformations in design, sensitivity design of passive LC ladder filters,a brief introduction to switched capacitor filters.3.Control TheoryThis unit is co
24、ncerned with the application of feedback control to continues-time,linear time-invariant systems.The emphasis is on fundamental theory rather than applications.Some background in linear systems theory and the Laplace transform is assumed.The prime aim of this unit of study is to develop a sound unde
25、rstanding of basics and a capacity for research and inquiry.Completion of the unit will facilitate progression to advanced study in the area and to work in industrial control.The following topics are covered.History of control:Modeling of physical processes,state variables and differential equations
26、,dynamic response,review of Laplace transform,transfer functions and block diagrams,poles and zeroes; Design specifications in the time domain:basic feedback principles,effect of feedback on sensitivity and disturbance rejection,steady state accuracy and stability,the Routh criterion,proportional in
27、tegral and derivative control; Design using the root locus:rules for sketching root locus,lead and lag compensators,analogue and digital implementation of controllers;Frequency response:the Nyquist stability criterion,gain and phase margins,compensator design in the frequency domain;An introduction
28、to state space design for single-input single-output systems:eigenvalues,zeroes and transfer functions,state variable feedback and design of estimators.4.Communications Electronics and photonicsThis unit of study provides an introduction to the modeling and design of transmitters and receivers for e
29、lectronic and optical communication subsystems.Students are expected to have a grasp of basic concepts related to electronics and circuits.The following topics are covered: Electronic oscillators: RC,LC,crystal oscillators,tuned electronic amplifiers,frequency selectivity,feedback amplifiers;Electro
30、nic modulation and demodulation circuits: amplitude, frequency and phase modulation and demodulation,phase locked loops; Electronic mixers:high frequency,RF and microwave communication amplifiers; Photonic devices and models:semiconductor optical properties,semiconductor lasers and light emitting di
31、odes,laser modes,output spectra,single-mode selection,distributed feedback lasers;Electro-optic modulation of light: optical amplifiers,photo detectors,avalanche photodiodes,optical receiver front-end circuit design,basic opto-electronic link.5.Power Electronic and DriversThis unit of study is conce
32、rned with the operating principles of DC machines and DC power control techniques with particular reference to DC machine drives.A background in basic electrical and magnetic circuit theory is assumed.Completion of this unit will facilitate progression to advanced study or work in electrical power e
33、ngineering. 360毕业设计网 The following topics are covered.Electrical characteristics of separately excited,series,shunt and compound generators,voltage control of generators,electrical characteristics of separately excited,series,shunt and compound motors,starting and speed control of DC motors,static s
34、witches, diode rectifiers,AC-DC converter,DC-AC switching converters, Buck, Boost and Buck-Boost converters,flyback converters.英语翻译毫无疑问，20世纪是电子技术的世纪。当然许多其他行业如医药、交通、科学、商业等也取得很大进步，但如果没有电子技术所提供的仪器和设备，这些行业能取得这么大的进步吗？没有电子技术，你无法看到自己正在跳动的心脏的逼真的三维虚拟图像；没有电子技术，你就无法在星期日的晚上从银行取钱。你愿意去参加一个没有音响放大器、没有大屏幕或灯光效果的流行音乐会
35、吗？不要说你宁愿在家看电视没有电子技术也就没有电视。与20世纪前不同，在20世纪早期，电子技术开始有了较快的发展。首先意大利天才马可尼（Marconi）发明的无线电和亨利赫兹（Henry.hertz）的工作为电子技术进一步的发明创造开辟了道路。在20世纪第一个十年中最受技术世界欢迎的新东西是真空管，在那时真空管是无线电设备中一个奇妙的器件。对于人类来说，电视的发明也是一个奇迹。电视带来了通信技术和世界传媒的革命。有了电视，洲与洲的距离似乎不再遥远。电视的发明应归功于英国工程师约翰罗杰克贝尔德（John Logic Baird），他追随马可尼（Marconi）的足迹，想用与传送声音相同的方式传送
36、图像。经过长时间实验后，他发现如果以很短的时间间隔发送一组静态的图片，看起来就像是活动的图像。今天所说的电子技术实际上是在发现晶体管效应以后开始（发展）的。晶体管为电子技术开辟了道路，更重要的是它为计算机世界开辟了道路。各种类型的计算机开始在市场上出现，研究工作进入一个迅速发展的时代。在电子技术发展过程中还存在其他的问题，如电子器件在一块主板上的安装问题。对此德克萨斯仪器公司的杰克柯比（Jack.Kilby）找到了很好的答案。他提议不用任何导线，把电阻、电容和晶体管在同一片晶片内部连接起来，令人不可思议的是他的想法成功了，从此诞生了集成电路工业。作为一个电子技术专业的学生，要学习下列课程。1.
37、直流电路与交流电路这门课程包括无源元器件（电阻、电容和电感）的基本理论和用直流电源供电的电路网络，接着介绍无源电路中的交流电流和交流电压的作用，这个课程模块还包括直流电机、三相电机和变压器。2.模拟电子技术这个课程模块介绍半导体器件在线性应用范围中的特征和由这些器件组成的电路，内容包括半导体二极管：PN结二极管、特殊二极管；三极管：场效应三极管、晶体三极管；信号放大电路：实际放大电路、偏置电路、运算放大电路；其他电路：整流、稳压、直流电压源电路。3.数字电子技术这个单元学习以下的内容：逻辑电路的基本概念、数字表示方法、组合逻辑电路、时序逻辑电路、CMOS数字电路、逻辑运算定律和布尔代数、数字运
38、算（二进制、十六进制、整数）组合逻辑电路的分析与综合、时序逻辑电路的分析与综合、寄存器、计数器、总线系统以及逻辑电路设计中的计算机辅助设计工具（软件）。4.微处理器系统当前，计算机及微处理器在电子工业的各个领域中应用十分广泛，随着计算机变得更加复杂和功能强大，微处理器的应用将继续快速增长。对日益增长的电子工业来说，一个具有微处理器编程能力的学生将会是无价的人才。这个模块中安排学生对一个简单的微处理器进行编程来完成工业上典型的控制任务。用汇编语言和C语言对微处理器进行编程时，学生将用到一些内部的器件如RS232接口、定时器、中断器件、计数器、输入/输出口、模/数转换器等，将利用这些器件通过编程完
39、成控制（系统）等操作。.5.计算机编程及其在工程中的应用该课程继续学习更高级的编程技术，教学中采用C语言，重点放在如何运用编程技术解决工程应用的实际问题。电子技术专业将为毕业生打下一个牢固的基础，学生毕业后可以从事的行业有：电器工程、电力能源和控制工程、电子技术、计算机工程、通信工程等。更多课程介绍1.信号与系统这个单元讲解许多工程信号和系统的基本性质以及在信号和系统处理中必需的数学工具，重点放在线性时不变系统的时域和频域模型上。在这个单元中所学的概念将在以后学习的通信、控制、电力系统和信号处理等领域的许多单元中用到，学习这个单元需要具有微分、积分、微分方程和线性代数等基础知识。主要内容包括连
40、续时间信号：分类及性质；系统的基本性质：线性、时不变性、因果性和稳定性；线性时不变系统：由微分方程（包括状态方程）描述的特征和卷积；傅里叶级数和傅里叶变换：定义、性质、频率响应和基于傅里叶变换的线性时不变系统的分析、采样、相关性和功率谱密度；拉普拉斯变换：定义、性质和基于拉普拉斯变换的线性时不变系统的分析、用拉普拉斯变换求解状态方程。2.电路理论和设计这个单元学习之前必须具备由前期课程所提供的基本电路理论和运算放大器知识。本单元的学习目标是增强对电路理论的主要方面的理解。而主要目的是：使学生掌握专业知识，可以从事有源模拟滤波器的设计，理解无源网络设计方法，为今后进一步自学打下良好的基础。主要包
41、括的内容有电路理论的基本概念：网络函数、特征频率；滤波器类型：低通、带通滤波器等；运算放大器的讨论：用运算放大器设计的一级、二级滤波器、电路串联（级联）设计；几种典型的滤波器：Butterworth（巴特沃斯）、Chebyshev（契比雪夫）滤波器、设计中的频率变换、无源LC梯形滤波器的灵敏度设计，并对开关电容滤波器做简短的介绍。3.控制理论这个单元是讲授关于连续、线性时不变系统的反馈控制的应用，重点是基本的理论而不是应用。这个单元的学习要求学生具有线性系统理论和拉普拉斯变换的基础。这个单元学习的主要目的是（使学生）在基本理论和进一步研究的能力方面打下一个坚实的基础，这个单元的学习将促进学生在
42、本领域的进一步学习和今后在工业控制行业的工作。 主要内容包括控制理论的历史；物理过程的模型化方法：状态变量和微分方程、动态响应、拉普拉斯变换的讨论、传递函数和方框图、极点和零点；时域系统的设计方法：基本反馈原理，反馈对灵敏度、抗干扰性、稳态精度和稳定性的影响、Routh（罗斯）判断准则；比例、积分和微分控制；用根轨迹法设计：根轨迹作图规则、超前和滞后补偿、模拟控制器和数字控制器的实现；频率响应：Nyquist（那奎斯特）稳定性判据、增益裕度和相位裕度、频域的补偿设计；并介绍了单一输入/输出系统的状态方程设计方法：本征值、零点和传递函数、状态变量反馈和计算方法的设计。4.通信电子学和光学本单元介
43、绍电子和光学通信子系统的发射机和接收机的建模和设计方法，（本单元的学习）要求学生已掌握有关电子和电路的基本概念。主要包括的内容有：电子振荡器：RC、LC、晶体振荡器、调谐电子放大器、频率选择、反馈放大器；电子调制和解调电路：幅度、频率和相位调制和解调、锁相环；电子混合器：高频、射频和微波通信放大器；光学器件和模型：半导体光学性质、半导体激光和发光二极管、激光模态、输出光谱、单一模态选择、分布式反馈激光器；光的电子-光学调制：光学放大器、光电探测器、雪崩光敏二极管、光学接收器的前置电路设计、基本的光-电子连接。5.功率电子学和驱动这个单元的学习涉及直流电机的工作原理和直流电机驱动相关的直流功率控
44、制技术，要求学生已学过基本的电磁场电路理论。这个单元的学习将促进学生在电力行业中的进一步学习和工作。主要内容包括：他励、串励、并励和复励式直流发电机的电气特性、直流发电机的电压控制，分励、串励、并励和复励直流电动机的电气特性、直流电动机的启动和速度控制，静态变换，二极管整流，交流-直流转换，Buck（巴克）、Boost（巴斯特）和巴克-巴斯特转换器，逆变转换器。电子设备通常都可以分成两类：模拟的和数字的。示波器也有模拟的和数字的。模拟示波器工作时是直接用待测电压去控制电子束在示波器屏幕上的运动，电压使电子束向上或向下偏离，偏离幅度与电压值成正比，在屏幕上显示波形。这种方法是给出波形的瞬时图像。作为对比，数字示波器却是对电压波形采样，并用一个模/数转换器把待测电压转换成数字信号，然后用这个数字信号在屏幕上重新“构画”出波形。
