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1、生态旅游对环境的影响外文翻译 外文翻译原文environmental impact of eco-tourism Material Source: Environment Impacts of Ecotourism;International Center for Ecotourism Research,Griftith University,Australia CAIB Publishing;Oct,2008 Author: Ralf Buckley Abstract: It is the introduction of eco-tourism, the environmental impa
2、ct of proposed discussion and recommendations Eco-tourism because of its positive impact on the actual or potential protected areas and by the community and a wide range of companies and consumers touted. For example, in discussing access to protected areas, tourism, lobbyists and tour operators cla
3、im that they not only will take steps to minimize the environmental impact reduction and eco-tourism will be of interest Consumed by humans each year, or pollution of natural resources are many. Survival needs of human drinking water, breathable air and can make use of biological diversity. Natural
4、ecosystems is the main reservoir of each of these areas. Ecosystems due to human activities has been extensively modified to varying degrees. Near pristine wilderness areas and other small modification of the environment is declining, such as urban centers, garbage dumps, mines and a single plant ar
5、ea is almost completely change the environment continues to widen. There are many who are not fully modified to places such as rural housing, the original forest has been harvested for at least modified in the region is expanding. To halt and reverse these trends, only in human social structure and
6、human behavior massive and far-reaching change to become possible. However, if no such change in the short term, larger will be close to the human disorder About sustainability and about human survival, the single most important long-term strategy to any combination, can make the world a variety of
7、regional representation of the ecosystem to maintain a reasonable functional status intact. Of course, this is a global system of protected areas, the main goals, including world heritage areas, biosphere reserves, national parks and other protected areas. However, these parks can not be independent
8、 to prevent continued loss of biological diversity: first, because they are too small not a fully representative; second, because they are not fully protected. Currently, public and private land in other areas outside the protected area system, which the conservation of biological diversity and air
9、and water quality has contributed a lot. They include: as polar, mountain, desert and marine ecosystems as very few people in the place; those who use wood and animal products, but rarely used ranch properties retain their original function and biodiversity of the forest land and pasture ; human lif
10、e is not involved in the natural environment of the intensive revision of the tribal and community land. However, with the population and resource consumption continues to grow, all of which are unprotected by the growing number of regional development and reserves and the growing population pressur
11、e is leading to land clearance and immigration until the reserve boundaries, sometimes in the protection of The violations occurred during. In the protected area boundaries is not clearly defined or not found in the region, such violations may be generally includes poaching, illegal harvesting, smal
12、l-scale immigration, and sometimes the military exercises. However, even in the national park boundaries have been established and enforced the region, violations may still occur. Sometimes, the relevant legislation may allow the development of certain classes in the park outside the boundaries of p
13、rotected areas may be increased near the perimeter of weeds, pathogens, wildlife, water pollution and fire sources of stress, and these can no longer further human interference are in protected areas under the transmission Therefore, the protection of representative ecosystems, protected areas, not
14、only by increasing the property, improve the effective rate of protection of existing reserves, but also by reducing the change of land outside the reserve area to be improved in order to improve its conservation valueIn addition, except in very exceptional circumstances, there is a small park to th
15、e public agency to close the park entirely legal order; although they usually have the power to impose a variety of specific constraints, even as the limit or eliminate the number of special historical purposes, For example, surgery or snow riding tram existence of legal orders, the park agency to i
16、mpose such a restriction in practice it is very difficult, unless they first call from a low-impact recreation support the protection of peoples strong political support. In addition, while supporting the parks and their management agencys legal and financial systems may produce short-term political
17、 opposition, but the legal and budgetary structure of human society and the need for their continued political support in order to survive in the longer period of time. Therefore, agencies need to support the park the political pressures they face the greater the customer, the more need of supportTh
18、is political support may come from four areas, namely those for the existence value, the Environmental Protection box global ecosystem services to support protected area; those who like drinking water supply to the local eco-system services to support protected area; those recreation opportunities f
19、or personal support protected area; also those for commercial opportunities, such as the tourism industry who support protected areas. The first two of these groups of protected areas to be determined with little or no negative impact. However, the former provides a very broad and general support, b
20、ut rarely involved or actual voters in remote operator译文生态旅游对环境的影响 资料来源:生态旅游环境的影响,国际生态旅游研究中心,Griftith大学,澳大利亚CAIB出版;2008年10月 作者:拉尔夫巴克利 生态旅游由于其实际或潜在的积极影响受到社会和保护区以及公司和消费者的广泛吹捧。例如,在讨论进入保护区方面,旅游说客和旅游经营者宣称他们不仅将会采取措施将环境影响降减到最低,而且生态旅游还会产生利益。 每年被人类消耗或污染的自然资源有很多。人类生存需要饮用水,可呼吸的空气和可利用的生物多样性。自然生态系统是每个这些领域主要的蓄水池。
21、生态系统由于人类的活动已被不同程度广泛地修改了。近原始的荒野地区和其他小改造的地区的环境正在不断减少,像城市中心,垃圾堆放场,矿场和单一植区几乎完全修改的环境在继续扩大。有很多没有完全修改而又很要的地方,如农村住宅,被采伐的原始森林在最少修改的地区也在不断扩大。为制止和扭转这些趋势,只在人类的社会结构和人类行为发生大规模和深远的变化时才能成为可能。然而,如果在短期内没有这种变化,规模更大的混乱将逼近人类。 关于可持续能力和关乎人类生存的任何长期策略唯一最重要的组合,能够使世界各种各样的生态系统的代表性区域保持在一个合理的原封不动的功能的状态。当然,这是保护区全局系统的主要目标,包括世界遗产地区
22、、生物圈储备、国家公园和其他保护区域。然而,这些公园还不能独立地防止生物多样性持续损失:首先,因为他们是太小个不充分地代表性;第二,因为他们不充分地被保护。目前,有公开和私有土地其他地区在被保护区系统之外的,它们对保护生物多样性和空气和水的质量有很大贡献。它们包括:像极地,高山,沙漠和海洋生态系一样很少人的地方;那些为木材和家畜产品使用的但其中很少使用牧场保留其原有的性质功能和生物多样性的森林地和牧场;人类的生活方式没有介入对自然环境的密集的修改的部族和社区土地。然而,随着人口和资源消耗量的继续增长,所有这些未保护的区域却受到越来越多的开发和储备,而且逐渐增长的人口压力正在导致土地清除和移民直
23、到储备界限,有时会在保护的过程中出现侵犯。在被保护区界限不是明确界定或没有发现的地区,这样侵犯也许一般包括偷猎,非法收获,小规模移民和时而的军事演习。然而,甚至在国家公园界限已建立和强制执行的区域,侵犯可能仍然发生。有时,相关的立法也许允许发展某些类在公园界限之外的可能在保护区的周长附近增加杂草、病原生物、野生动物、水污染和火来源的压力,并且这些能不再人类进一步的干涉下在保护区里得到传播。 因此,代表性的生态系统的保护不仅能够通过增加保护区财产,改进现存储备的有效保护率,而且通过减少对储备区以外土地的修改得到改进,以便改进它的保护价值。 另外,除了在非常异常的情况下,少量公园代办处有一个对公众
24、完全地关闭公园的法律命令;虽然他们通常有权力强加各种各样的具体制约,即使像限制数目或取缔特殊历史用途,例如骑马术或雪上电车的法律命令存在,公园代办处在实践上强加这样制约是很困难的,除非他们首先召集从支持保护个低影响休闲的人群的强大政治支持。另外,虽然支持公园和他们的管理代办处的法律和财政系统可能产生短期的政治反对,但是法律和预算是人类自己的社会结构并且需要持续的政治支持才能在较长时期内生存。因此公园代办处需要赡养的政治顾客他们面对的压力越大,需要获得的支持就越多。 这样政治支持可能来自四个方面,即那些为存在价值,环境保护盒全球性生态服务系统而支持保护区的人;那些为了像饮用水供应的地方生态系统服务而支持保护区的人;那些为了个人的消遣机会而支持保护区的人;还有那些为了商业机会,例如旅游业而支持保护区的人。第一二这些小组有对待定的保护区具有很少或没有消极冲击。然而,前者提供了相当广泛和广义支持,却很少涉及偏远选民或实际操作者。
