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1、 毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译系 别： 经济与贸易系 专 业： 国际经济与贸易 班 级： xxxxxxx 姓 名： xxxxxxxx 学 号： xxxxxxx 外文出处: Chile-Fresh Deciduous Fruit 附 件： 1. 原文； 2. 译文 Chile - Fresh Deciduous Fruit Annual - October 2010 - USDAApple, table grape and pear annual report Executive Summary:New estimates show that production of table grapes
2、 and pears will be lower than previously estimated in MY2010 (Jan-Dec2010), but output of apple increased when compared to both the previous season and previous estimates. For the coming year, although it is too early for a forecast, only a small production expansion of grapes is expected.The indust
3、ry forecasts a small reduction of fresh apple and pear production, as weather has not been favorable in some growing areas. For table grape production, although weather has been behaving erratically during the last few weeks and predictions call for a colder than usual spring weather and rain during
4、 the summer months a small increase in output is expected. No major changes are expected for apple juice production.Commodities:Production:Total output in 2010 was larger than previously estimated, in spite of a delay in the start of the harvesting season and adverse weather conditions during the sp
5、ring of CY2009. For 2011, although it is still early to predict production volume, Chiles apple harvest is forecasted to be slightly smaller than this years harvest, as weather conditions during this last winter months (Jun-Aug. 2010) has been colder with frost in some growing areas. Although, as a
6、result of the cold weather, more than sufficient cold hours have accumulated with a positive effect on budding and this will increase production, but freezing weather in some areas will affect output for a large number of apple varieties. The net effect is expected to lower output when compared to l
7、ast years production, as was reported by an industry source.As producers have been diversifying their orchards, during the last decade, by planting new and more productive varieties,i.e., Fuji, Gala, Jonathan, Braeburn, Pink Lady and Galaxies in replacement for the traditional varieties, such as Red
8、 Delicious and its variations (i.e., Richard Red, Starking, etc) and increasing density of their orchards, output in the coming years is expected to keep expanding. Red apple varieties constitute over 75 percent of total planting and output. The main green variety is Granny Smith, which is used both
9、 for fresh export (mainly to Europe and the United States) as well as for concentrated apple juice production.Crop Area:Although some growers, mainly in Regions VII (Curico-Talca) and VIII (Chillan), continue to replace and increase their planting densities, farmers have been uprooting old orchards.
10、 However, in general, the total planted area is on hold due to a significant fall in economic returns observed during the last few years. A strong peso coupled with increased labor costs has been reducing the competitiveness of the labor-intensive fruit industry in Chile and has put a hold on the pl
11、anted area after a continuous growth in the past. The exchange rate for the peso fell again during the last few months from 520 Chilean pesos to 495 pesos to the dollar. Other factors, like increasing energy costs are also affecting the industry. Consequently, industry sources have indicated that in
12、creases of new plantings and significant production increases in the coming years are not expected.Consumption:There are no official statistics on domestic fresh apple consumption. The figures shown in the PS&D table are estimated as a residual of production, minus an estimate of apples destined for
13、 processing and the known export figure.Trade:Apples, FreshFile Promoted by: ACG | AmstonThe industry forecasts a small expansion of apples as weather has been favorable during last winter months, but output of table grapes will decrease slightly. Production of pears is also expected to fall again.A
14、 strong export demand for apples resulted in an increase of volume exported in MY2010 when compared to both, the previous year and our last estimates. Economic returns increased also during 2010 as prices obtained for the exported apples increased slightly when compared to the previous year as was i
15、ndicated by an industry source.Production:Although the weather has been behaving erratically during the last few weeks and predictions call for a colder than usual spring weather and rain during the summer months, table grape production is expected to increase almost 6 percent when compared to the p
16、revious season when output fell significantly also due to adverse weather conditions observed during the spring of 2009 (Sep-Nov 2009). Sufficient cold hours accumulated during last winter (Jun-Aug 2010) will assure an increase in production and harvest in the coming season. Chile produces over 36 v
17、arieties of table grapes for export. Thompson Seedless and Flame Seedless account for the bulk of production. Varieties like Red Globe, Superior Seedless, Crimson and Autumn Royal have increased significantly in the last few years, as most of the replanting has been with these varieties. Table Grape
18、s are planted from Region III (Copiapo) to Region VII (Curico-Talca).Crop AreaIndustry sources agree that new additional plantings are not likely for the next few years as economic returns have been affected by increasing costs and falling prices for table grapes. Additionally, the revaluation of th
19、e Chilean peso against the dollar has not being helping the fresh fruit export industry in general, as their cost are in pesos and the income is in dollars.Consumption:As with other Chilean fresh fruits, domestically consumed table grapes are mainly export rejects. There are no official statistics o
20、n domestic consumption. Domestic fresh consumption is derived from the only known figure, which is exports, and estimated production data. Domestic consumption generally accounts for about 10 percent of total output, while processing accounts for another 30 percent.Trade:Table grape export volumes f
21、ell in 2010 as a result of a smaller production. Over 50 percent of total exports go to the US,growing almost 10 percent in 2010 when compared to the previous year, mainly due to more favorable dollar value when compared to the Euro. Nevertheless, the EU remained as the second export market. For 201
22、0 a smaller production is expected. As a result exports are expected to fall accordingly. As in the past, table grapes are being imported during the off-season.Production:Chiles production of apple juice concentrate (AJC) primarily reflects foreign demand and apple for processing availability.Althou
23、gh the apple juice industry mainly processes export rejects. Although, the AJC industry has encouraged farmers the production of sour-type apples, as well as to expand new plantings of apple varieties mainly for juice purposes, it still processes almost only export rejects. The apple juice industry
24、competes with the pulp and dried apple industry for the apples left from the fresh exported process.Consumption:Limited amounts of AJC, principally single-strength juice, are consumed domestically. AJC competes with a variety of fresh and processed juices in Chile.Trade:The United States is Chiles l
25、argest AJC export market, accounting for 60 percent of total export sales. Other markets of increasing importance are Japan, Mexico and Canada. Latin American export markets also are growing fast. Levels of AJC exports will depend upon foreign demand and the ability of the industry to compete in int
26、ernational markets against other suppliers such as China. 智利 - 新鲜落叶果树年 - 2010年10月 - USDA 苹果，鲜食葡萄和梨年度报告内容提要：新的估计表明，鲜食葡萄和梨的产量将低于原先估计MY2010（1月Dec2010），但苹果产量的增加相比，上个赛季和以前的估计。在未来一年，虽然这是一个预测为时尚早，只有一小扩大生产的葡萄是expected.The行业预测，减少新鲜的苹果和梨的生产，如天气不算好，在一些种植区。鲜食葡萄生产，虽然天气已经在过去的几个星期不正常的行为和预测调用一个寒冷的一个小的产量增加，预计在暑假期间比平
27、常春天的天气和雨水。预计苹果汁生产没有大的变化。商品制作：在2010年的总产出大于以前的估计，尽管在收获季节和恶劣天气条件下在CY2009的春天开始的延迟。 2011年，智利的苹果收成，但它仍然是早期预测生产量，预计会略小于今年的收成，天气状况在去年冬天个月（6至8月2010年）已经在一些成长与霜冷地区。虽然，因天气寒冷，更多的比足够的寒冷小时，已经积累了萌芽产生积极的影响，这将增加生产，但在一些地区的冰冻天气将影响输出了大量的苹果品种。的净效应，预计到较低的输出相比，去年的产量，报道了一位业内人士。生产商多样化的果园，在过去的十年中，通过种植新的和更富有成效的品种，例如，富士，嘎拉，乔纳森，
28、布瑞本，粉红女士和星系的替代传统品种，如蛇果及其变化（例如，理查德红，红星等）和自己的果园密度的增加，在未来几年内输出有望不断扩大。红苹果品种构成的75以上的总种植和输出。的主要的绿色品种是澳洲青苹，使用新鲜的出口（主要是欧洲和美国）以及浓缩苹果汁生产。作物种植面积：虽然一些种植户，主要集中在区域VII（库里科，塔尔卡）和VIII（奇廉），继续更换和增加种植密度，农民被连根拔起老果园。然而，在一般情况下，总种植面积是保留由于到一个显着下降，在过去的几年里观察到的经济回报。一个强大的比索，加上劳动力成本增加，已减少在智利的劳动密集的水果产业的竞争力，经过持续的增长，在过去的种植面积已暂停。在过去
29、的几个月里对比索的汇率再次下跌，从520智利的比索至495比索兑换1美元。其他因素，如不断增长的能源成本影响的行业。因此，业内人士表示，新的种植和显着的产量的增加，在未来几年内预计不会增加。消耗：在国内新鲜苹果消费有没有官方的统计数字。 PSD表中所示的数字估计作为残余的生产，减去估计处理和公知的出口数字运往苹果。贸易：业内人士预测，一个小苹果扩张的天气已经在去年的冬季有利的，但鲜食葡萄产量将略有下降。梨生产时相比，以前的一年，我们最后估计也导致苹果在MY2010出口量同比增长again.A强劲的出口需求预计将下降。经济收益增加，在2010年获得出口苹果的价格也略有上升，较上一年度的业内人士表
30、示。制作：虽然天气已经不正常的行为在过去的几个星期和预测要求的温度比平常的春天的天气和雨水在暑假期间，鲜食葡萄产量预计将增加近6，与上个赛季相比，产量下降明显时也由于恶劣的天气条件下观察到，2009年春运期间（9月至2009年11月）。在去年冬天（2010年六月至八月）积累足够的冷小时将保证在生产和收获旺季的到来增加。智利生产超过36个品种的鲜食葡萄出口。无核，火焰无核帐户的大量生产。品种，如红地球，无核高级Crimson和皇家秋天增加了在过去几年显着，补种已经与这些品种。葡萄种植，从区III（科皮亚波），第七区（库里科，塔尔卡）。作物种植面积业内人士认为，新增加的种植面积是不太可能在未来数年
31、的经济回报已经增加了成本和鲜食葡萄价格下跌的影响。此外，智利比索兑美元升值正在帮助一般的新鲜水果出口产业，其成本比索的收入以美元为单位。消耗：与其他智利新鲜水果，国内消费鲜食葡萄主要以出口拒绝。有没有官方的统计数据对国内消费。唯一已知的数字，这是出口和生产数据估计是来自国内鲜食。国内消费一般占总产量的10左右，在处理占另外30的同时。贸易：鲜食葡萄出口量下降，2010年的小规模生产的结果。超过50的总出口去美国，在2010年与上年同期相比，增长了近10，主要是由于更有利的美元价值相比，欧元。尽管如此，欧盟仍然是第二大出口市场。一个较小的产量预计为2010年。因此，出口预计将下降相应。在过去，鲜
32、食葡萄在淡季进口。制作：智利生产的浓缩苹果汁（AJC），主要反映国外需求和处理availability.Although苹果，苹果汁行业的主要加工出口拒绝。虽然，浓缩苹果汁行业已经调动了农民的生产型酸苹果，以及扩大新种植的苹果品种，主要用于果汁的目的，但它仍然处理几乎是唯一的出口拒绝。苹果汁行业竞争的纸浆和从新鲜的出口过程中留下的苹果干苹果产业。消耗：数量有限，主要是单一的强度汁，浓缩苹果汁的国内消费。 AJC各种新鲜和加工的果汁在智利竞争。贸易：美国是智利最大的浓缩苹果汁的出口市场，占出口销售总额的60。其他市场的重要性日益增加，日本，墨西哥和加拿大。拉丁美洲的出口市场也快速增长。浓缩苹果汁出口水平将取决于国外的需求和对其他供应商，如中国在国际市场上的竞争能力的行业等。
