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1、46. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.参考译文一项关于1996年新闻报道的调查显示
2、，反科学的标签还可以贴在许多其他团体身上，从提倡消灭最后存留的天花病毒的权威机构，到鼓吹削减基础研究经费的共和党人(都被贴上了反科学的标签)。47. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrllch of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequenc
3、es of industrial growth.参考译文环境研究的先驱、斯坦福大学的保罗.厄尔里西认为，科学真正的敌人是那些对支持全球变暖、臭氧层损耗以及工业发展的其他后果的证据提出置疑的人。48. This development-and its strong implication for US politics and economy in years ahead-has enthroned the South as Americas most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation
4、s head counting.参考译文这种发展-以及其对美国政治、经济在未来几年的潜在的强有力的影响一一使得南部在全国人口普查中有史以来首次成为美国人口最密集的地区。49. Often they choose-and still are choosing-somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.参考译文他们常常选择-现在依然这样选择-居住在那些气候较为
5、寒冷的地区， 比如俄勒冈、爱达荷，还有阿拉斯加，为的是逃避烟雾、犯罪，以及金州(加利福尼亚)城市化进程中的其他问题。50. As a result, Californias growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to 18.5 percent-little more than two thirds the 1960s growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.参考译文结果，加利福尼亚的人口增长率在20世纪70年代时下降到了18.5一稍高于60年代增长率的三分之二，大大
6、低于西部其他各州。51. Unlike most of the worlds volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earths surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate.参考译文跟世界上的大多数火山不同的是，它们(热点)并不总是在由构成地球表面巨大漂流板块之间的边界上出现；相反，它们中有许多位于一个板块较纵深的内部。52.
7、The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of the plates with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earths interior.参考译文携带这些大陆板块的相对运动已经能够被详细地表述出来，但是这些板块相对于另一些板块的运动还不能轻易地解释为它们相对于地球内部的运动。53. As th
8、e dome grows, it develops seed fissures (cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean.54. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary-the dangers of drug interactions, for example-an
9、d many are required by state or federal regulations, it isnt clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.参考译文尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的-比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告-许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们)并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。55. At the same time, the Americ
10、an Law Institute-a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight-issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.参考译文与此同时，美国法律研究所-由一群法官、律师和理论专家组成，他们的建议分量
11、极重-发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针，宣称公司不必提醒顾客注意显而易见的危险，也不必连篇累牍地一再提请他们注意一些可能会出现的危险。61.But,for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.参考译文但是，对一个小部分学生来说，职业教育也是条可取的路径。因为在其他因素相同
12、的情况下，技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。62. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment-although no one had proposed to do so-and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Har
13、old Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.参考译文他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的畜牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验-尽管还没有人建议这么做-他还请一个以普林斯顿大学校长哈罗得?夏皮罗为首的独立的专家组在90天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。63. In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at th
14、e 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning.参考译文在5月17日的会议上所讨论的这份建议书的序言草案中，夏皮罗提出，专家组已经达成广泛共识，那就是试图通过成人细胞核克隆来制造人类幼儿的做法在道德上是不可接受的。64. Because current federal law already
15、forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryos life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.参考译文因为现今的联邦法律已经禁止使用联邦基金克隆胚胎(人类后裔在出生前的最早阶段)用于研究或者有意地威胁胚胎的生命，NBAC在胚胎研究上将保持沉默。65. If experiments are
16、planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents.参考译文如果试验是像科学杂志上的报告所示的那样如实地根据计划规划和实施的话，那么对管理层来说，期待研究能够产生可以用金钱衡量的结果是完全合理的。66. It is
17、 entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.参考译文审查者完全有理由相信，知道自己准备做什么、怎么做的科学家不应该因为必须一只眼盯着收银机，一只
18、眼盯着显微镜而分散了注意力。67. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the odd balls among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who work well
19、 with the team.参考译文如果科学家对标准式样的整齐划一的要求就像他论文的写作所反映的一样，那么管理层就不该因歧视研究者中的思维与众不同的人，喜欢其中较为传统的善于团队合作的思想者而受到指责了。68. The grand mediocrity of today-everyone being the same in survival and number of off-spring-means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tri
20、be.参考译文当今人与人在很大程度上的平等-即面对自然淘汰法则人人机会均等，并且连子嗣的数目都一样-意味着和在印度土著部落中的情况相比，印度中上层阶级中已丧失了80的自然选择中的优势。69. When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible
21、 that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.参考译文当艺术领域的一个新运动发展成某种流行时尚时，最好应该弄清这场运动倡导者的真正意图，因为，不管他们的原则在今天看来多么牵强无理，很可能多年以后他们的理论会被视为正常。70. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is bas
22、ed may be right-it can hardly be classed as Literature.参考译文然而就未来主义诗歌来说，情况则不这么简单了，因为不管未来主义诗歌是什么-就算承认它赖以存在的理论基础都是正确的-这种形式也很难被归入文学。71. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they
23、 both fall into the river-and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers, Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.参考译文但当我们先是从注释中得知某诗行讲述了一个土耳其军官和一个保加利亚军官在桥上动手打架并双双掉进河里，而后却发现该行诗中不过只充斥着扑通，扑通，185公斤重这类对他们落水时的动静以及对军官们体重的描写时，我们不免感到困惑不安。72. Th
24、e coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male- domiated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Janpans rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.参考译文战后婴儿潮一代的步入成年以及女性打入男性主
25、导的劳动力市场使得青少年的发展机会变得极为有限，他们已经在不停地质疑为了爬上日本国内那通往优秀学校和体面工作的严酷的社会阶梯而做出的巨大的个人牺牲。73. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the Japanese morality of res
26、pect for parents.参考译文去年，当担任教育部长职务的濑户光夫争辩说二战后由美国占领当局引入的自由主义革新削弱了日本民族尊敬父母的道德品质的时候，舆论哗然。74. With economic growth has come centralization: fully 76 percent of Japans 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, tow-generation house
27、holds.参考译文随着经济的增长，出现了集中化：全国1.19亿公民，其中整整76的人口定居城市：在这里，原来的社区和多代同堂的大家庭已被摒弃，取而代之的是与外界疏于往来的、只由两代人组成的核心家庭。75. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them.参考译文如果
28、野心的传统具有生命力，那么这传统必会为许多人分享；尤其会受到自己也受人仰慕的人士的青睐，在这些人中受过良好教育的可不占少数。76. Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs-the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a
29、 decade or two years ago.参考译文当然，人们现在对成功及其各种标志的兴趣似乎并不亚于先前。消夏别墅、欧陆旅行、宝马车-地点、地名以及品牌或许会有变化，但这类事物在今天被人渴求的程度也似乎不会亚于一二十年前。77. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publis
30、her of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.参考译文相反，我们被款待看到这样一些虚伪的壮观景象，他们似乎比以前的任何时候都更供应充足：美国式物质主义的批判者却拥有位于南安普顿的避暑山庄：激进书籍的出版商却在三星级餐厅享用一日三餐；倡导在人生各个阶段的参与民主制
31、的记者，他的子女却就读于私立学校。78. No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professional and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word amateur does carry a connotation that person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may no
32、t share its values.参考译文科学领域的专业人员和业余爱好者之间划不出泾渭分明的界线：因为任何规则都有例外。然而，业余一词的确意味着相关人员不能充分融入职业科学界，尤其未能分享科学圈子的价值。79. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the U
33、nited kingdom.参考译文很自然，这种趋势会在尤以数学或实验室训练为基础的自然学科领域表现最为明显，并且可以英国的地质学发展作例证来说明。80. A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable resear
34、ch paper.参考译文将过去一个半世纪英国地质学领域的出版物做一下比较，(我们)就会发现不仅对科研的主导地位的强调不断攀升，而且一篇可接受的科研论文所包含的内容的定义也有所变化。81. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for a mateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national jour
35、nals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century.参考译文这样一来总的结果便是业余爱好者想在专业地质学期刊卜发表文章就更难了，而被广泛使用的论文评审推荐制度又进一步强化了这一结果，该种制度先是出现在19世纪的国家级刊物上，后又在20世纪被几家地方级地质学刊物所使用。82. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together na
36、tionally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.参考译文一个颇为相似的分化过程已经导致专业的地质学家走到一起组成一到两个全国性的专科学术社团，而业余地质爱好者们倾向于要么仍留在地方社团，要么也以另一种方式组成全国性机构。83. Sad to say, this project has turned out to b
37、e mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.参考译文遗憾地讲，这次新闻机构可信度调查计划结果只获得了一些十分低层次的发现，比如新闻报道中的事实错误，拼写或语法错误(和这些低层次发现)交织在一起的还有许多令人挠头的困惑，譬如读者到底想读些什么。84. I believe that
38、 the most important forces behind the massive M&M wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands.参考译文我认为巨大的并购浪潮背后
39、的最重要的推动力同时也就是促成全球化进程的那方基石：即降低交通运输成本，逐渐减少贸易投资壁垒，以及大。幅度拓展市场，这些都要求更大规模的经营管理以满足消费者需求。85. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress promoted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claimi
40、ng I wanted to spend more time with my family.参考译文一次侧面的不光明磊落的攻击伤害了我的自尊，阻碍了我事业的发展， 使我不得不抛弃了那份引人注目的工作，尽管表面上我还要以一个蒙受屈辱的政府部长的姿态，通过声称我只不过是想多和家人呆在一起来掩盖我的退出。86. I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abando
41、ning the doctrine of juggling your life, and making the alternative move into downshifting brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status.参考译文或许正像凯尔西在不堪积劳重负而公开地辞去她在她杂志社的编辑一职之后一样，我已经发现，放弃那种为生活忙碌的人生信条并转而追求比较悠闲的生活带给你的回报远远大于经济成功和社会地位。87. While in America the trend started as
42、 a reaction to the economic decline-after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late 80s-and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class down shifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.参考译文在美国，这一返朴趋势
43、是以经济衰落的反应为开始的-那是在80年代末期裁员而引起大量的失业之后一一现在依然与提倡节俭的政纲相关；而在英国，最起码在我所熟识的中产阶级返朴归隐者中，追求简约；生活的原因就多种多样了。88. For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80s, down-shifting in the mid 90s is not so much a search for the mythical good lift-growing your own organic vegetables, and r
44、isking turning into one-as a personal recognition of your limitations.参考译文对于我这一代曾在整个80年代为生活奔波的女人来说，90年代中期出现的归隐恬退与其说是我们寻求一种神话般的美好生活-用有机肥种；植蔬菜，并且自己放弃一切的风险-不如说是我们清醒地认识到自身；能力是有限的这一事实。89. If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems
45、 which are common to all of you and it11 be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman s notorious bad taste in ties.参考译文如果你是你讲话对象中的一员，那么你就身处一种(有利)位置来了解对你们来说都很普遍的经历和问题，而且你对餐厅中难以下咽的食物或老总臭名昭彰的领带品位进行随意评判也是合适的。90. There are already robot systems that can
46、 perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone.参考译文现在已有一些机器人系统能够进行精确到毫米以下的脑部和骨骼手术这要比极具技巧的医生单单用手精确得多。96. Nancy Dubler, director of Montefiore Medical Center, contends that the principle
47、will shield doctors who until now have very, very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death.参考译文Nancy Dubler，Montehore医疗中心的主任，认为这一原则将会保护这样一些医生，他们到目前为止还强烈坚持他们不能够给病人足量的镇痛剂来控制他们的疼痛，如果这么做会加速他们的死亡的话。97. On another level, many
48、 in the medical community acknowledge that the assistedsuicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.参考译文在另一个层面上，很多医疗界的人承认，关于医生帮助下的自杀的讨论部分是因为病人的绝望情绪，对他们来说，现代医学已经延长了死亡的身体痛苦。98. It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying as the twin problems of end-of-life care.参考译文它把对疼痛的治疗不足和盲目积极使用有可能延长死亡时间甚至让死亡过程蒙羞的无效并且强迫性的医疗手段视为生命临终医护的两个问题。99. In other w
