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1、TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2011)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you wil
2、l need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the
3、 gaps below may require maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable. You may refer to our notes.Classifications of CulturesAccording to Edward Hall, different cultures result in different ideas about the world. Hall is an anthropolo
4、gist. He is interested in relations between cultures. I.High-context cultureA. featurecontext: more important than the messagemeaning (1) _ i.e. more attention paid to (2) _ than to the message itselfB. examplespersonal spacepreference for (3) _less respect for privacy/personal spaceattention to (4)
5、 _concept of timebelief in (5) _ interpretation of timeno concern for punctualityno control overtimeII.Low-context cultureA. featuremessage: separate from contextmeaning (6) _B. examplespersonal spacedesire/respect for individuality/privacyless attention to body languagemore concern for (7) _attitud
6、e toward timeconcept of time: (8) _dislike of (9) _time seen as commodityIII. Conclusion Awareness of different cultural assumptions relevance in work and life e.g. business, negotiation, etc. (10) _ in successful communicationSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Li
7、sten carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet. Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the int
8、erview.1. According to Dr. Harley, what makes language learning more difficult after a certain age?A.Differences between two languages. B.Dealing capacity to learn syntax.C. Lack of time available. D. Absence of motivation.2. What does the example of Czech speakers show?A. Its natural for language l
9、earners to make errors.B. Differences between languages cause difficulty.C. There exist differences between English and Czech.D. Difficulty stems from either differences or similarity.3. Which of the following methods does NOT advocate speaking?A. The traditional method. B. The audiolingual method.
10、C. The immersion method. D. The direct method.4. Which hypothesis deals with the role of language knowledge in the learning process? A. The acquisition and learning distinction hypothesis. B. The comprehensible input hypothesis. C. The monitor hypothesis. D. The active filter hypothesis. 5. Which of
11、 the following topics is NOT discussed during the interview? A. Causes of language learning difficulties. B. Differences between mother tongue and a second language. C. Theoretical conceptualization of second language learning. D. Pedagogical implementation of second language teaching. SECTION C NEW
12、S BROADCAST In this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the qu
13、estion. Now listen to the news. 6. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? A. Greyhound is Britains largest bus and train operator. B. Currently Greyhound routes in Britain are limited. C. The coach starts from London every hour. D. Passengers are offered a variety of services.Questions 7 an
14、d 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news. 7. What does the news item say about the fires in Greece? A. Fires only occurred near the Greek capital. B. Fires near the capital caused casualties. C. Fir
15、es near the capital were the biggest. D. Fires near the capital were soon under control.8. According to the news, what measure did authorities take to fight the fires? A. Residents were asked to vacate their homes. B. Troops were brought in to help the firefighter. C. Air operations and water drops
16、continued overnight. D. Another six fire engines joined the firefighting operation. Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news. 9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of
17、the current decline in the Mexican economy? A. Fewer job opportunities in Mexico. B. Strong ties with the U.S. economy. C. Decline in tourism. D. Decline in tax revenues. 10. Drop in remittances from abroad is mainly due to _A. declining oil production. B. the outbreak of the H1N1 flu. C. the declin
18、ing GDP in Mexico. D. the economic downturn in the U.S.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AWhenever we could, Joan a
19、nd I took refuge in the streets of Gibraltar. The Englishmans home is his castle because he has not much choice. There is nowhere to sit in the streets of England, not even, after twilight, in the public gardens. The climate, very often, odes not even permit him to walk outside. Naturally, he stays
20、indoors and creates a cocoon of comfort. That was the way we lived in Leeds. These southern people, on the other hand, look outwards. The Gibraltarian home is, typically, a small and crowded apartment up several flights of dark and dirty stairs. In it, one, two or even three old people share a few i
21、ll0lit rooms with the young family. Once he has eaten, changed his clothes, embraced his wife, kissed his children and his parents, there is nothing to keep the southern man at home. He hurries out, taking even his breakfast coffee at his local bar. He comes home late for his afternoon meal after an
22、 appetitive hour at his caf. He sleeps for an hour, dresses, goes out again and stays out until late at night. His wife does not miss him, for she is out, too at the market in the morning and in the afternoon sitting with other mothers, baby-minding in the sun. The usual Gibraltarian home has no sit
23、ting-room, living-room or lounge. The parlour of our working-class houses would be an intolerable waste of space. Easy-chairs, sofas and such-like furniture are unknown. There are no bookshelves, because there are no books. Talking and drinking , as well as eating, are done on hard chairs round the
24、dining-table, between a sideboard decorated with the best glasses and an inevitable display cabinet full of family treasures, photographs and souvenirs. The elaborate chandelier over this table proclaims it as the hub of the household and of the family. ,Hearth and home makes very little sense in Gi
25、braltar. Ones home is ones town or village, and ones health is the sunshine. Our northern towns are dormitories with cubicles, by comparison. When we congregate in the churches it used to be, now in the cinema, say, impersonally, or at public meetings, formally we are scarcely ever man to man. Only
26、in our pubs can you find the truly gregarious and communal spirit surviving, and in England even the pubs are divided along class lines. Along this Mediterranean coast, home is only a refuge and a retreat. The people live together in the open air in the street, market-place. Down here, there is a fa
27、r stronger feeling of community than we had ever known. In crowded and circumscribed Gibraltar, with its complicated inter-marriages, its identity of interest, its surviving sense of siege, one can see and feel an integrated society. To live in a tiny town with all the organization of a state, with
28、Viceroy (总督), Premier, Parliament, Press and Pentagon, all in miniature, all within arms reach, is an intensive course in civics. In such an environment, nothing can be hidden, for better or for worse. Ones successes are seen and recognized; one failures are immediately exposed. Social consciousness
29、 is at its strongest, with the result that there is a constant and firm pressure towards good social behavior, towards courtesy and kindness. Gibraltar, with all its faults, is the friendliest and most tolerant of places. Straight from the cynical anonymity of a big city, we luxuriated in its happy
30、personalism. We look back on it, like all its exiled sons and daughters, with true affection. 11. Which of the following best explains the differences in ways of living between the English and the Gibraltarians? A. The family structure. B. Religious belief. C. The climate D. Eating habit. 12. The it
31、alicized part in the third paragraph implies that _ A. English working-class homes are similar to Gibraltarian ones. B. English working-class homes have spacious sitting-rooms. C. English working-class homes waste a lot of space. D. the English working-class parlour is intolerable in Gibraltar. 13.
32、We learn from the description of the Gibraltarian home that it is _ A. modern. B. luxurious. C. stark. D. simple. 14. There is a much stronger sense of _ among the Gibraltarians. A. togetherness B. survival C. identity D. leisure 15. According to the passage, people in Gibraltar tend to be will-beha
33、ved because of the following EXCEPT _. A. the entirety of the state structure. B. constant pressure from the state. C. the small size of the town. D. transparency of occurrences.TEXT BFor office innovators, the unrealized dream of the “paperless” office is a classic example of high-tech hubris (傲慢).
34、 Todays office drone is drowning in more paper than ever before.But after decades of hype, American offices may finally be losing their paper obsession. The demand for paper used to outstrip the growth of the US economy, but the past two or three years have seen a marked slowdown in sales despite a
35、healthy economic scene. Analysts attribute the decline to such factors as advances in digital databases and communication systems. Escaping our craving for paper, however, will be anything but an easy affair. “Old habits are hard to break.” says Merilyn Dunn, a communications supplies director. “The
36、re are some functions that paper serves where a screen display doesnt work. Those functions are both its strength and its weakness.” In the early to mid-90s, a booming economy and improved desktop printers helped boost paper sales by 6 to 7 percent each year. The convenience of desktop printing allo
37、wed office workers to indulge in printing anything and everything at very little effort or cost. But now, the growth rate of paper sales in the United States is flattening by about half a percent each year. Between 2004 and 2005, Ms. Dunn says, plain white office paper will see less than a 4 percent
38、 growth rate, despite the strong overall economy. A primary reason for the change, says Dunn, is that for the first time ever, some 47 percent of the workforce entered the job market after computers had already been introduced to offices. “Were finally seeing a reduction in the amount of paper being
39、 used per worker in the workplace.” says John Maine, vice president of a pulp and paper economic consulting firm. “More information is being transmitted electronically, and more and more people are comfortable with the information residing only in electronic form without printing multiple backups.”
40、In addition, Mr. Maine points to the lackluster employment market for white-collar workers the primary driver of office paper consumption for the shift in paper usage. The real paradigm shift may be in the way paper is used. Since the advent of advanced and reliable office-network systems, data stor
41、age has moved away from paper archives. The secretarial art of “filing” is disappearing from job descriptions. Much of todays data may never leave its original digital format. The changing attitudes toward paper have finally caught the attention of paper companies, says Richard Harper, a researcher
42、at Microsoft. “All of a sudden, the paper industry has started thinking,We need to learn more about the behavioural aspects of paper use,“ he says. “They had never asked, theyd just assumed that 70 million sheets would be bought per year as a literal function of economic growth.” To reduce paper use
43、, some companies are working to combine digital and paper capabilities. For example, Xerox Corp. is developing electronic paper: thin digital displays that respond to a stylus, like a pen on paper. Notations can be erased or saved digitally. Another idea, intelligent paper, comes from Anoto Group. I
44、t would allow notations made with a stylus on a page printed with a special magnetic ink to simultaneously appear on a computer screen. Even with such technological advances, the improved capabilities of digital storage continue to act against “paperlessness,” argues Paul Saffo, a technology forecas
45、ter. In his prophetic and metaphorical 1989 essay, “The Electronic Pinata (彩罐),” he suggests that the increasing amounts of electronic data necessarily require more paper. The information industry today is like a huge electronic pinata, composed of a thin paper crust surrounding an electronic core,”
46、 Mr. Saffo wrote. The growing paper crust “is most noticeable, but the hidden electronic core that produces the crust is far larger and growing more rapidly. The result is that we are becoming paperless, but we hardly notice at all.” In the same way that digital innovations have increased paper cons
47、umption, Saffo says, so has video conferencing with its promise of fewer in-person meetings boosting business travel. “Thats one of the great ironies of the information age,” Saffo says. “Its just common sense that the more you talk to someone by phone or computer, it inevitably leads to a face-to-face meeting. The best thing for the aviation industry was the Internet.” 16. What function does the second sentence in the first paragraph serve? A. It further explains high-
