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1、 Rachel为你倾情奉献雅思7分宝典第一章 写作是我心中永远的痛1.1 我们离7分有多远？Band 6: Competent user有运用语言的能力Has generally effective command of the language despite some inaccuracies, inappropriacies, and misunderstandings, can use and understand fairly complex language, particularly in familiar situations.我们的目标是Band 7：Good User7分语
2、言能力好Has operational command of the language, though with occasional inaccuracies, inappropriacies, and misunderstandings in some situations. Generally handles complex language well and understands detailed reasoning. 1.2 评分标准Task Response (TR) refers to whether a point of view is clearly expressed,
3、developed and supported. A good candidate will be able to assess opposing points of view as well as support his/her argument with suitable evidence. The examiner will check the accuracy, appropriacy, and relevance of the information included in the answer.Coherence and Cohesion (CC) refers to how ea
4、sily and well the message of the report or letter has a suitable layout and logical ordering of points. Using correct connectives to link points will aid coherence and cohesion.Vocabulary (LR) refers to the range, appropriacy of vocabulary. The candidate needs to use vocabulary that is appropriate f
5、or answering question. The examiner will check that the correct forms of words are used and that spelling is accurate. Grammar (GRA) refers to the range and accuracy of tenses and sentence structures. The examiner will assess the ability of the candidate to use both simple and complex structures and
6、 will also assess whether or not mistakes make the writing harder to comprehend.Task 1 *40%+Task 2 *60%7 76.5 7 6.8 77 6.5 6.56 7 =6.6 6.5 7 6.5 =6.7 6.57 6 =6.4 6.5问题：1. 字数是不是越长越好？2. 是不是偏题就一定拿不到7分？3. 是不是单词和句型要越复杂越好？简单句拿不到7分？4. 是不是文中不能出现“我”（I）？5. 是不是要拿7分就不能用模板？6. 我脑子里面一片空白，想不出该怎么写，怎么办？7. 我该拿什么拯救你，我的
7、写作？第二章 评分标准之一TR2.1 常犯错误错误1：总论点跑题l Some people think that it is necessary to punish children in order to teach them the difference between right and wrong. Do you agree or disagree? Give reasons for your answer. If you agree, what kind of punishment do you think should be given to children by parents
8、 and teachers? Give reasons for your answer.l Some people believe the negative effects of advertising outweigh the positive effects. Whats your opinion?l Advertising will discourage us from being different individuals and make us all want to do or to look the same. What is your opinion?l In some cou
9、ntries, advertisers increase the amount of advertising which try to persuade children to buy snacks, toys, and other goods. Parents object to such pressure on children. But some advertisers claim that there is useful information in these advertisements. Discuss both views and give your opinion.错误2：
10、分论点没有论证l 原因建议类/报告类l 一段一个主题例1：Some people prefer to live in a house, while others feel that there are more advantages to living in an apartment. Are there more advantages than disadvantages of living in a house compared with living in an apartment?例2： Some people think that the use of animal for expe
11、riment is cruel; others think it is good for the development of science. Discuss and give your opinion.The objectors of animal experiments claim that many animals have been tortured to death during the process of these experiments. For instance, human transplants the deadly virus to animals, and exa
12、m the process of virus invasion. The animal usually suffer greatly in this process and die at the end. Objectors believe animals have equal rights with human, and they actually feel the pain exactly as us.错误3： 分论点的论证不够充分l 论据不够充分Animals are our friends.l 论据出处的问题 (fiction, survey)l 论据不符事实或涉及敏感、政治类话题 错
13、误4：语言太绝对（或口号式语言）possibly, probably, presumably, arguably, virtually, in all likelihoodappear to, seem to, tend to, be likely to, one of the most.,most of which2.2雅思议论文的写作流程雅思议论文的写作步骤：审题，写提纲，写首段，写中间段落，写末段，修改2.2.1 审题建议考生在读题的时候一定要从头到尾把题目读完，无论题目中的表达考生如何熟悉，因为一个词的变化很可能引起整个答题方向的变化。两个重点：l 中心事件l 论述的任务2.2.2提纲
14、 1. 头脑风暴2. 总论点一边倒；两边倒3. 分论点注意：分论点是总论点的一步推理！立论；驳论；分论点的论证：解释（前因和后果）、举例、强对比2.2.3雅思议论文分类l Advantages and disadvantagesl Agree or disagreel Whats your opinionl Discussl Problem + Reasons + Recommendations注意：很多时候agree or disagree可以用advantages and disadvantages来回答，但有时候不可以，那么什么时候可以用呢？2.2.4理由的寻找（十大原则）l 经济原则l
15、 时间原则l 健康原则l 感情原则l 智力与教育原则l 心理原则l 权利原则l 环保原则l 文化与传统原则l 道德与犯罪原则2.3段落展开时分论点常用思维要论述一个事件或事物的后果，我们可以从下面七个方面进行思考：1 往里看事件A的内部参与者在经历了该事情以后发生的变化。l 参与者l 分论点l Some school leavers go to travel or work for a period of time instead going directly to university. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages.l Nowadays,
16、 many rich countries offer help to poor countries. Do you think its disadvantages outweigh advantages?l Some people think that a mother cannot be a good mother and work outside at the same time. Therefore the government should pay those mothers to allow them to look after their children. What is you
17、r opinion?练习：1. As global trade increases, many goods, even some daily goods, are exported to another country, which includes long-distance transport during shopping. Do you think its benefits outweigh its drawbacks?2. In some countries governments encourage industries and business to move from larg
18、e cities to region areas. Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?2 往外看-事件A内部参与者以外的事物（系统）在经历了该事件以后所发生的变化l 根据系统论的观点，任何一个事件总是一个系统的一部分，而系统的一部分发生变化，有可能引起整个系统变化。这条思路可以简写成系统在经历了这个事件以后所发生的变化。l 在雅思考试中，系统一般指下列事物中的一个或多个；全社会，全世界，全球经济，自然，环境，传统文化，家庭；其他系统中的人或事物。3 分情况：事件A的参与者或参与者以外的事物在不同情况下所发生的变化。l
19、事件发生的条件变了，后果也有可能不同。因此，建议考生考虑同一个事件在不同情况下可能有不同的后果。例1：Can we believe the news presented by journalists?往里看往外看分情况例2：Nowadays, many rich countries offer help to poor countries. Do you think its disadvantages outweigh advantages?l 分情况还可以认为在第一种情况下，事件有好的后果；第二种情况下还是有好的后果；所以这个事件有好的后果。例1：Modernization is more
20、a _ than a _ for females. -On one hand, single women might feel more stressful. On the other hand, married women would have a heavier burden both at work and at home.4 看本质：A的参与者或参与者以外的事物的特殊属性。5 看成本如果一个事件有好的后果，可以考虑成本低或者成本合理；如果一个事件有不好的后果，可以考虑成本高。6 反驳在一边倒的文章中，除了阐述己方观点以外，还可以提出对方的观点，然后进行反驳。7 大背景全球化和信息社会l
21、 这是当代社会的主要变化，某些事件的后果是好是坏，是由时代的发展决定的。l 全球化globalization带来的主要变化是opportunities和challengesl 信息社会/时代/革命information society/age/revolution带来的主要变化是效率的提高the improvement of efficiency、技术的更新update of technology和劳动重点的变化（from physical power to intelligence, labour-intensive to talent-intensive; knowledge and in
22、telligence intensive）第三章 评分标准之二CC3.1主句和从句之间的6种常见关系3.1.1因果关系（cause and effect）1. 标志词类型单词解释说明原因As因为注意这两个词后面要跟从句而不能只跟一个名词Sincedue to因为注意这两组词后面只能跟名词，不能跟从句owing to结果Hence因此用在句首和句中都可以，如果用在句中的话，则句中用分号，后面跟它们引导的从句ThusThereforeas a consequence作为结果用在句首比较多，后面用逗号（也可以作为插入语）as a resultConsequentlyso that因此用在句中目的Th
23、ereby以此达到的目的不能用在句首，而且在正式英语中后面加动名词2. 举例说明例句：So feelings about ones job must reflect how an individual feels about his or her life as a whole. （选自剑7范文）译文：因此，对于工作的感觉一定会体现出一个人如何看待自己的人生。例句：The ecological problems are being aggravated; therefore, it is imperative that we take measures to combat the pollut
24、ion of the environment.译文：生态问题正在被恶化；因此，我们必须采取措施解决环境污染。注意：it is imperative that=it is important that；take measures=take steps=take action=combat例句：The government should raise the public awareness of environmental preservation, thereby promoting sustainable development and creating a more livable envi
25、ronment.译文：政府应该提高公众的环境保护意识，以此来促进可持续发展并且创造一个更合适人类生存的环境。例句：As a result of constant media attention, sports professionals in my country have become stars and celebrities.3.1.2 举例关系（exemplification）1. 标志词单词解释说明takefor example以为例省略号里面只能填名词，不能填句子for instance比如=for examplesuch as例如后面跟名词，切记不能用在句首This point
26、is best illustrated with the example of这个观点可以用的例子最有力地证明。后面跟名词This point can be confirmed by the example of这个观点可以被的例子支持。后面跟名词considerfor example以为例省略号里填入名词或者that从句都可以is a case in point是一个恰当的例子省略号里填名词2. 举例说明例句：It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents, for instance, for s
27、ports or music, and others are not.译文：普遍公认，一些人天生就有一定的才能，比如对于运动和音乐的天赋，而另一些人没有。例句：The Asian countries are getting westernized at a staggering rate. Take China for example, when youngsters go to the movies, it is common for them to choose Hollywood blockbusters over domestic films.译文：亚洲国家正以惊人的速度变得西方化。以
28、中国为例，当青少年去看电影的时候，他们一般都选择好莱坞大片而不选择国产电影。注意：teenagers, youngster, adolescent; blockbuster, film例句：Animals are humans companions. For instance, dolphins often rescue sailors from sinking ships.译文：动物是人类的伙伴。例如，海豚经常从沉船里营救船员。注意：关于雅思作文举例，请牢记亮点：（1）主语尽量使用复数，这样的例子更有代表性；（2）不要太长，一两句话必须结束，否则文章会看起来像记叙文而不像议论文。另外，需要强
29、调的是同学们经常喜欢举自己生活里的例子，这样过于生活化的例子作为雅思这样学术累得文体会显得比较外行。最后一点，希望大家牢记这个原则：主体段论证并不是必须举例子。如果考场里想不出恰当的例子，就用推理论证，比如因果、假设、让步、对比等也会有很好的效果。3.1.3对比关系（comparison and contrast）1. 标志词单词说明while用在句首或者句中，表示主句和从句的对比（句内对比）whilstwhereasby/in contrast用在句首，表示它之前一个句子和它后面引导的句子之间的对比（句间对比）2. 举例说明例句：While/ Whilst modern man leads
30、a stressful life, our ancestors could often perform their business in a leisurely fashion.译文：现代人类生活压力很大，而我们的祖先却可以比较悠闲地从事他们的事务。注意：过的生活lead alife；perform=conduct=carry out=do，表示从事；fashion不是指“时尚”而是“的方式”例句：The educational and medical facilities in big cities are mostly very advanced. In/ By contrast, th
31、eir counterparts in the country tend to be of inferior quality.译文：大城市的教育和医疗设施多数都很先进。相比之下，他们在乡村的对应设施多半质量较差。注意：facilities设施（复数）；advanced先进的；counterparts对应物；例句：While some people link happiness to wealth and material success, others think it lies in emotions and loving personal relationships.例句：In contr
32、ast, the suggested location, S2, is right in the town center.注意：while或者whereas是表示句内对比，而in contrast是表示句子之间的对比。3.1.4让步关系（concession）1. 标志词单词解释说明Despite尽管后面跟名词或者代词in spite ofNotwithstandingNonetheless尽管如此后面直接跟完整的句子Neverthelesseven though尽管很多时候可以替换although，后面跟从句，表示对已经存在的状况的让步even if即使后面跟从句，表示对没有发生的状况的让步
33、Albeit尽管一般用于句子中间，后面跟形容词as long as只要用在句子中间，不仅写作很常用，口语也常用2. 举例说明例句：Even though it is unlikely that all workers do feel happy in their work, I think it is not unrealistic to promote more job satisfaction in any job.（剑7范文）译文：尽管让所有员工都满意不太可能，但我认为提高任何工作中的满意度都是现实的。例句：In spite of this, the obvious benefits o
34、f computer skills for young children cannot be denied.（考官范文）例句：The government plays a crucial role in scientific research; nonetheless, private companies hold certain advantages in conducting scientific research.译文：政府在科学研究中起关键作用；尽管如此，私人公司在从事科学研究方面还是有待定的优势。注意：crucial=very important, conduct=do例句：Rote
35、 learning is sometimes unnecessary, albeit stressful.3.1.5假设关系（supposition）1. 标志词单词解释说明Provided that如果后面的结果一般是我们希望看到的If后面的结果也可以是我们不希望看到的2. 举例说明例句：Provided that we can minimize the pain of the test animals, animal experimentation should be continued.译文：如果我们可以尽可能减少实验动物的痛苦，那么动物实验应该继续。注意：minimize是“把最小化”
36、例句：If large companies are moved to the countryside, the traffic congestion in cities will be alleviated substantially.译文：如果大公司被搬到乡村，城市里的交通堵塞将被显著地缓解。注意：traffic congestion=traffic jam, alleviate缓解, substantially显著地。3.1.6修饰关系（modification）1. 标志词：that, who, which, why（前面经常用reason/reasons）2. 举例说明：例句：I th
37、ink there may be some reasons why entertainment stars earn high salaries but overall I agree that they are overpaid.（剑7例句）译文：我认为娱乐明星争取高工资是有一定原因的，但总体上来看，我同意他们/她们的工资过高了。例句：These days, we have a proliferation of new buildings that look exactly like the buildings our ancestors built.译文：在当代，我们有众多的新建筑看起来和
38、我们祖先盖的房子完全一样。注意：proliferation 的大量扩散例句：Today, teenage students are under increasingly severe stress in their studies, which has disturbed and alarmed many adults.译文：在当代，十几岁的学生学习压力越来越大，这让很多成年人感到困扰并且警觉。例句：the trend is not restricted to rich students who have the money to travel, but is also evident amo
39、ng poorer students who choose to work.（来自考官范文）例句：They tend to be more independent, which is a very important factor in academic study and research.3.1.7下定义关系是对你在主体段中提出的某个概念进行进一步地描述、细化或者限制它的适用范围。有能力这样写的考生无疑是可以用更强的思维能力打动考官的。不过需要注意的是：考虑到IELTS作文的具体特点和考场里的时间限制，下定义的时候没有必要吹毛求疵，只要符合常识就很好了。1. 常用表达A meansA意味着
40、A refers toA指的是A suggests thatA显示了（注意这里的suggest不是建议的意思）A constitutesA构成（雅思作文中省略号里经常填入负面的内容，比如crime/ violation of law等）A is best characterized byA最重要的特征是A is, essentially,A本质上是A reflectA反映了2. 举例说明例句：So feelings about ones job must reflect how an individual feels about his or her life as a whole.（剑7范文
41、）Happiness is, essentially, satisfaction of specific human desire.High-caliber journalists are best characterized by their discipline, determination and dignity.3.2主体段20个最常用的逻辑连接总结; therefore 因此（用在句子中间时前面用分号）, which 引导定语从句，修饰前面的主句even though, 尽管，since/ as 因为，instead of 而不是例句：The government should ta
42、ke action to promote international trade instead of just paying lip service to it.译文：政府应该采取行动去促进国际贸易，而不是仅仅说空话。注解：pay lip service是“说空话”as a matter of fact 事实上，indeed 确实，obviously/apparently 显而易见，even if 即使，accordingly, 雅思写作中放在句首比较多，“相应地”例句：There are very few available employment opportunities. Accord
43、ingly, the competition for jobs is fierce.otherwise 否则rather than 而不是 regardless of 不管similarly/likewise 雅思作文中经常用在句首，“类似地”more precisely 更准确地说例句：Parents should keep the lines of communication open with their children. Otherwise, ther children may feel ignored.例句：Some jobs are repetitive and boring,
44、and labor relations may be poor and lead to insecurity rather than job satisfaction.（剑7例句）, thereby+v.-ing 句中连词，“以此达到的目的”I would be hard-pressed to imagine that 我很难想象（后面跟观点的相反情况）Specifically, 具体地说，in terms of 在方面，（用来限制观点的适用范围）overall 整体上看例句：Overall, I think this is less likely today, when academic q
45、ualifications are essential for getting a reasonable career. （考官范文）特别需要注意：考官高频词汇：in terms of, regardless of (no matter), for the sake of容易出错表达：on the one hand, on the other hand拉丁词汇表达：e.g., (for example); i.e. (that is); etc. (and so on); status quoBodyStructural Transition*Firstly, to begin with, initially, most important of all, first and foremostWhat strikes/impresses us most/potently isWhat is eye-catching isWhats of top priority isNo 1 on the priority list is (PRR)First off,For beginners,*secondlyOn second thoughts*Lastly, finally, last but not leastSaving the best
