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1、【英语论文】论英语教学中的文化因素（英文） 山 东 经 济 学 院本科毕业设计 论文 设计 论文 题目 Cultural Factors in English Learning and Teaching 指导教师 学 号 2003110155 姓 名 外国语学院部英语 专业 2007 届山东经济学院教务处制2007年5月14日山东经济学院学士学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师的指导下进行研究工作所取得的成果除文中已经注明引用的内容外本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的研究成果对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体均已在论文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意本声明的法律
2、结果由本人承担学位论文作者签名 年 月 日山东经济学院关于论文使用授权的说明本人完全了解山东经济学院有关保留使用学士学位论文的规定即学校有权保留送交论文的复印件允许论文被查阅学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容可以采用影印或其他复制手段保存论文指导教师签名 论文作者签名 年 月 日 年 月 日Cultural Factors in English Learning and TeachingABSTRACTEnglish plays an essential and significant role in our life How to teach and study English well ha
3、s become a public concern As culture has closely associated with language many an educator finds that cultural knowledge has become an important part in our English learning and teachingThis thesis includes four parts The first part is about the relationship between language and culture As cultural
4、difference is an obstacle to English listening speaking reading and writing and our mastery of English knowledge has an important influence on our communicative competence the author explores why we teach culture in EFL in the second part What we should learn about the culture covers many aspects In
5、 the third part the author talks about cultural contents of English teaching The last part is the most important part of the whole thesis It is about suggesting teaching methods in cultural learning and teaching Keywords culture English learning and teaching论英语教学中的文化因素摘要英语在我们的生活中起着举足轻重的作用如何学习英语已经成为一
6、个备受公众关注的问题由于文化与语言紧密相连许多研究者发现英语文化已经成为英语教育和学习中的重要部分本篇论文共包括四部分第一部分主要是关于语言和文化的关系由于文化的不同是我们英语听说读写中最大的障碍并且我们掌握的文化知识将影响到我们的交际能力在第二部分中作者阐述了我们学习英语文化的原因我们要学习的文化知识涉及到诸多方面在第三部分中作者论述了在英语教学中的应涉及到的文化内容最后一部分是全文中最重要的一部分在该部分中作者就文化教学中教学方法方面提出了自己的建议关键词文化英语教学CONTENTSIntroduction1Chapter One Relationship Between Language
7、 and Culture2IWhat is Language2IIWhat is Culture2IIIThe Relationship Between Language and Culture3iHistorical Relationship3iiGeographical Relationship3iiiEducational Relationship3Chapter Two Why Teaching Culture in EFL5ICulture Differences-the Obstacle of Understanding English5iListening obstacles i
8、n English5iiSpeaking obstacles in English5iiiReading Obstacles in English6ivWriting Obstacles in English6IICulture knowledge-the Part of Communicative Ability7Chapter Three Cultural Contents of English Teaching8IOrdinary Cultural Background8iGreetings8iiThanks Compliments and Praise8iiiPrivacy and T
9、aboos8ivFestivals8vReligion and Belief9IICultural Implications in Words9IIINon-verbal Language10iWhat is Non-verbal Language10iiThe Importance and Effects of Non-verbal Language10Chapter Four Suggested Teaching Methods in Cultural Teaching and Learning12IClassroom Communication and Lectures12iCreati
10、ng an English Cultural Atmosphere in Class12iiHolding Some Classroom Activities about English Culture12iiiHolding Lectures on English Culture12IIReading Literary Works13IIIWatching TV and Films13Conclusion14Works Cited15Acknowledgements16 IntroductionThere is no denying that English has played and w
11、ill continue to play a rather essential and vital role in our life Many an English educator exerts all their attempts and efforts to reform the English language teaching and learning methods As we all know language has emerged and developed together with culture Language is the keystone of the cultu
12、re On the one hand language is shaped by the culture On the other hand as different languages have different culturelanguage influences cultureNowadays there is a wide spread that educators associate cultural components with pure language teaching They pay more attention to develop students cross-cu
13、lture awareness If students are lack of the important cultural knowledge about the culture they learn they cannot use it properly and freely then their communication obstacles will arise What is more a language learners understanding of the language is fundamentally influenced by his or her cultural
14、ly-defined world views beliefs and presuppositionsChapter OneRelationship between Language and CultureWhat is LanguageSomeone may have already known this legend God was afraid that we common people could climb to the heaven by the tower called Bible that people built So he decided to put an end to t
15、he common language shared by we common people Since without a common language we cannot communicate and cooperate with each other Then our great dreams and plans will not come true forever From this legend we can see that language plays a quite significant and essential role in our lifeLanguage is s
16、o important that it renders us to wonder what language is Based on Oxford Advanced Learners English-Chinese Dictionary language is a system of vocal sounds and combination of such sounds to which meaning is attribute used for the expression or communication of thoughts and feelings Wallance 833 Lang
17、uage to put it simply is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication In other words these vocal symbols are combined together according to some special rules For these symbols there is no correction between the word and the item in the world that it refers toCommunication is con
18、sidered to be the primary function of the language However functions of language are varied According to Hu Zhuanglin there are seven functions1informative providing useful information for our life 2interpersonal function by which people establish and maintain their states in a society 3performative
19、 changing the social states of persons 4emotove function changing the emotive states of an audience for or against something or someone 5phatic communication social interaction of language 6recreational function 7metalingual function talking about language itself 11-16 What is CultureAs we all know
20、different languages have different cultures Culture is the collective programming of the mind which distinguish the members of one category of people from another Hofstede 154 Culture in a broad sense is an integrated pattern of human behavior that includes communication practices beliefs values cus
21、toms thoughts rituals as well as manners of interacting and roles As culture is inclusive and rich it almost permeates every aspect of peoples life and affects peoples behaviorIn this part I just want to explore two basic ways to define the term culture The first definition comes from humanities It
22、emphasizes on the way a social group represents itself and others by its material productions for example their works of art literature social institutions artifacts of everyday life and the mechanisms for their production The second definition comes from the social science It refers to the attitude
23、s and beliefs ways of thinking behaving and remembering shared by members of the community The Relationship between Language and CultureThere is no doubt that language is a significant and vital part of a given culture and the effect of the culture upon a given language is evident and indispensable
24、Different languages may reflect different cultures Different cultures entail different language expressions Language and culture closely associated with each other and depend on each other In other words they emerged together developed bit by bit together at last they were mature togetheri Historica
25、l RelationshipThe origin of language is closely associated with the origin of human beings Around three millions years ago the natural condition was very harsh and serious Humankind had to face the threats of low temperature fierce animals and other danger which made their living difficult As a resu
26、lt they were in great need of uniting and cooperating together Then language as an inevitable vocal tool for their communication emerged in their life As any tribe or group has their own way of living their own customs habits their language evolved with the influence of their culture In a word langu
27、age and culture intrinsically depend on each other They have evolved though the historyii Geographical RelationshipThere are numerous tribes and communities in different parts of the world For instance China is in Asia France is in Europe Different countries and societies have different cultures and
28、 languages To say China again the people in China speak Chinese and they also have their own way of thinking and behaving as well as some customs and festivals For example the most important festival in China is Spring Festival while the French regard Christmas Day as their most important day What i
29、s more how to celebrate their festivals is different from one country to another according to their traditionsHowever with the global village the boundary of geography is gradually obscure Protecting the traditional culture has become a public concern Some countries have already taken some urgent an
30、d effective steps to protect their particular culture even their languageiii Educational RelationshipThe importance of teaching culture has been widely recognized for teachers Educators fear that the mere mastery of language systems by no means guarantees the international communication and cooperat
31、ion Although students gain a large number of vocabularies grammar points they could not use English in a proper and free way Nowadays in China more and more English teachers try their best to find a way in which students can speak unadulterated English As a matter of fact students cannot truly maste
32、r the language until they have also mastered the cultural context in which the language occursApplied linguists and language teachers have increasingly aware that a second language or foreign language can rarely be learned or taught without addressing the culture of community in which it is used Hin
33、kel 2 Thomas observes that nonnative speakers are often perceived to display inappropriate language behaviors and often are not even aware that they do Thomas 92 He further points out that teachers must draw on research on to develop ways of heightening and refining students metagramatic awareness s
34、o that they are able to express themselves as they choose 94 Chapter TwoWhy Teaching Culture in EFLCulture Differences the Obstacle of Understanding EnglishAs different countries have different cultures some difficulties and obstacles will arise when we listen speak read write English In the followi
35、ng paragraphs I will explore some misunderstandings of English because of cultural differencesi Listening Obstacles in EnglishWith wide spread of English we get more and more chances to listen to English However some teachers and students continue to complain the difficulties in understanding Englis
36、h They have an acceptable mastery of vocabularies grammar points as well as pronunciation knowledge Some students buy tape records for listening and spend quite a few hours everyday on them Then what is the real reason for their so little achievementOne critical reason is that they are lack of cultu
37、ral background of these western countries Aural comprehension which is closely related to the knowledge of American and British culture politics and economy in fact is an examination of ones comprehensive competence which includes ones English language level range of knowledge competence of analysis
38、 and imaginative powerThere are two jokes in the followingA Where are you fromB I will ask her Alaska A Why do you ask her B How are you Hawaii When you listen to them for the first time you would be very confused since Bs answer is irrelevant to As question However if we know something about geogra
39、phy knowledge of the USA and the names of the two states in USAAlaska and Hawaii we will understand what he say In view of this the introduction of cultural background is necessary for the teaching of English listeningii Speaking obstacles in EnglishMany foreign teachers who teach IELTS in China reg
40、ard speaking part is the most difficult part for Chinese students to get high mark We Chinese students communication competence is not satisfactory because we ignore the social meanings of language forms and language applications in reality Moreover more often than not the materials we use today are
41、 outdated or seldom pay attentions to differences between different cultures So our students are usually ignorant of factors of culture and they can only mechanically copy what they have learned The following dialogues can often be found in our textbooksA How old are youB Im thirtyA Where are you go
42、ingB Im going to the libraryA How often do you write to your parentsB About once a weekThese dialogues are roughly the combination of Chinese thinking and English forms Although such forms are right in the means of English grammar they are not appropriate For those native speakers its unimaginable f
43、or someone to ask alike questions The natural reply of English-speaking people to the greetings like Where are you going would most likely be Why do you ask or Its none of your business Questions like How often do you write to your parents would be thought to intrude on ones privacy Therefore in ora
44、l teaching teachers should lay stress on factuality of language and adopt some materials approaching to daily life such as daily dialogues with tape magazines newspapers and reports etc because the materials are from real life and they help students to be well acquainted with standard pronunciations
45、 and intonation to speak English appropriate on the occasion to understand western way of life and customs etciii Reading Obstacles in EnglishThe major difficulty encountered by language learners when they deal with written texts stems from the passage from orate to a more literate mode of speech Cl
46、aire 130 Claire advocates that They thought they understood what it meant to talk like members of French or German speech communities are you needed was to abide by their grammatical and lexical rules Now it appears that the rules in the use of written language are of a different order Claire130 To
47、a large extent it would affect the readers reading speed and ability What is more since writers proper use of idioms proverbs and sayings is often a mark of a persons command of the language they are fond of picking up some idioms and proverbs in their passage However it would be a great obstacle to
48、 the English learners because it is rather difficult to understand the cultural connotation and meaning For example one Chinese proverb goes silence is good It means that silence is more helpful and useful than speaking However English proverbs goes squeaking wheel get oil which means do not keep quiet otherwise you
