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1、浅谈高中英语的听说教学方法An Analysis of English Teaching Approach on Listening and Speaking in High SchoolsAbstract: This article analyzes English teaching approaches on listening and speaking in Chinese high schools, listed some existent problems in traditional English teaching approaches. Such as the results
2、of teacher-centered teaching approaches, and vocabulary and grammar trainings teaching approaches, etc. These traditional teaching approaches fail to train students listening and speaking ability to some extent. According to National English Teaching Outline, Chinese high Schools students should hav
3、e a certain listening and speaking abilities. So, it is important for English teacher to take some effective teaching approaches to achieve this goal in listening and speaking. Based on this, this article does some practical researches in English teaching approaches on listening and speaking of Chin
4、ese high schools, analyzes some teaching principles and teaching skills on listening and speaking of Chinese high schools, etc. Finally, the author join a conclusion that English teaching approach should be transferred from strengthen vocabulary and grammar training to listening and speaking trainin
5、g. It agrees with Chinese Education reform.Key Words:Teaching approach; listening and speaking; teaching principle; teaching skill 摘要: 教育部在颁布的高中英语教学大纲中指出，“听说英语是英语教学的重要目的之一，英语教学要重视听说训练和口语能力的培养。”传统英语听说教学方法存在着以教师教学为主，单纯重视词汇与语法的灌输而忽略了对学生的听说能力培养的不足。这使得学生虽然熟练掌握了词汇和语法，却不能用来进行有效听说交流。本课题通过对英语教学方法原则和技巧等相关教学因素
6、的分析和探讨，针对目前高中听说教学中所存在的一些问题提出了自己的观点：即培养学生的听说能力，需要为学生创设一个既和谐舒适又有语言情境的环境。论证了有效的英语听说教学应该是：将英语课堂教师教学的重点从词汇、语法转向学生听说能力的发展，将重视考试结果向重视学生听说过程转变。这一结论也符合当前的英语教学改革。关键词:教学方法；听说教学；教学原则；教学技巧IntroductionIn nowadays China, English teaching approaches on listening and speaking of high schools insist on teacher-center
7、ed teaching approaches emphasize on vocabulary and grammar trainings teaching approaches. These traditional English teaching approaches cause students lack of ability of listening and speaking. With the development of Chinese economy, more and more talents who can master English are urgently needed.
8、 In order to acclimatize ourselves to the economy development, we should take some effective English teaching approaches to train excellent students who can not only master vocabulary and grammar but also can use them to communicate frequently. This article analyzes existent problems in traditional
9、English teaching approaches of Chinese high schools, the elements that affect English teaching, and discuss teaching principles and teaching skills, make a comparison between internal and external teaching approaches. The article gets a conclusion that it is better for English teaching approaches to
10、 be transferred from strengthen vocabulary and grammar training to listening and speaking training. It also agrees with Chinese Education reform. As a teacher, the author practiced it at Yu Men high school, Pan Zhihua city, and got some achievements. I. Internal and External Teaching ApproachIn the
11、world, people have made a lot of researches on English teaching, but only a few of these researches are generally introduced and used in the English teaching of listening and speaking of Chinese high schools. In foreign countries, there are some researches on English teaching of listening and speaki
12、ng. For instance, one of the American linguists, Bloomfield advances the Audio-lingual teaching method. “Among the founders, Bloomfield is the deputy.” (Chen Jianlin, 2000). “The Audio-lingual teaching method is a training method of speaking competence, and contributes to strengthen the training and
13、 the mastering on studying abilities. But it is easy to cause students feel dull for the mechanization and repetition of sentence structures. Thus it causes non-brisk atmosphere of English classroom. At the same time, it neglects the creativity of language training and language using.” (Mei Deming,
14、Zhang Dingquan, Hu Jinju, 2004). In 1964, professor Nelson Brooks originates the Audio-Visual Approach for the teaching of listening and speaking, which is a training method of oral English and English listening, English linguist D.A.Wilkings also raises the Communicative Approach. In China, the tim
15、e to popularize English is too short. Therefore, the level of English teaching is low, especially on the English teaching of listening and speaking. And English teaching is influenced by the traditional education approaches and examination education system. From these, the training of listening and
16、speaking is important and must be proceed in a situation which is comfortable and harmonious, and the purpose of English teaching is to use language freely. For this reason, it is necessary to research more effective teaching approaches.II. The Teaching Condition in ChinaAt present, National Educati
17、on Department regards the English study as an important measure for education reform. But compared with foreign education, it is not enough. In abroad, students study become more and more liberal, and students dont worry about the results of examination, so they pay more attention to the usage of kn
18、owledge. But in China, it is different, particularly in high schools. Teachers and parents force the students to do much exercise in order to pass all kinds of examinations. So there is no time and energy to develop students competences of English listening and speaking. In Chinese traditional educa
19、tion concepts, headmasters and teachers believe that good students are quiet ones. In the classroom, teachers always require students to keep silent, in class, students only use their eyes and ears to see and to hear, and seldom use their mouths to communicate with teachers and classmates. During cl
20、ass time, teacher speaks more to teach while students just are permitted to answer question when are asked. In fact, the effective study needs the whole coordination, including using eyes and ears, mouth and body languages at the same time. For example: When the students are thinking of how to answe
21、r questions, some bow their heads, some hold their heads high, some talk to themselves and some want to get help from their classmates. When the students get answers, some speak loudly and some still keep silent. When the students cant find the answer, some keep silent, and some bow their heads and
22、some complain themselves have no abilities. In consequence, keep silent may be helpful for individual study, but it is really not good to train students communicative competence. In addition to, the traditional teaching approach deeply affects the present English teaching. During class time, teacher
23、s only emphasis on words, grammars, sentence structures and text, and they forget the objective of present English teaching. The objectives put forward by National Education Department “Emphasis communication, basis of task, study in the activities, and get knowledge in the process of using language
24、.” They forget that their students need more training of listening and speaking. So these problems need to get enough attention of the educators. And people should solve the non-scientific English teaching approaches essentially. And apply them to the specific English classroom teaching.A. Existent
25、Problems in English Teaching In China, the traditional English teaching is teacher-centered teaching, English teaching mainly concerns with vocabulary and grammar, under this teaching approach, it is difficult for students to get chance to communicate in class, seldom students get chance to practice
26、 their oral English in class. Traditional English teaching is based on examinations. In China, English teaching is controlled by examinations; the purpose of English teaching is for examinations and for high mark. This traditional English teaching approach ignores the training of students communicat
27、ive abilities. It is unfair to students to learn. And the teacher always interrupted the students answer process when he found that the answer is not right, this behavior is not suitable. For example, when a baby learns to speak his/her mother language, his/her mother does not point out his/her mist
28、akes at once, mothers behavior is suitable for her baby to learn language quickly, because skill comes from practice. Another problem is traditional English teaching lacks of proper teaching objectives. What is teaching objectives in the English classroom? Besides to cultivate students abilities to
29、solve problems, it is to train students ability of listening and speaking. At present, either in university, in middle school or in primary school, English classroom is taken up by teachers vocabulary and grammar teaching. The examination is in the form of written, and ignores the function of langua
30、ge communication, especially listening and speaking communication. A survey indicates: there is few high school students think their teacher take time to teach how to use English for communication in the classroom.B. Elements of InfluenceListening and speaking are two important parts for language le
31、arning, but there are many other influence elements. In China, there is no language context in the English teaching in high schools, so the degree of students competence of acceptance to foreign language is only 70%. So, it is difficult for high school students to communicate in English. Hence, it i
32、s very important to help high school students to overcome the influence of mother language in the English teaching process. Besides, teacher should pay attention to the feeling of high school students in the training process of listening and speaking. In order to get a good result, students should k
33、eep cheerful mind.1. Traditional Teaching ApproachBecause of the influence of traditional teaching, teachers and students of high schools ignore listening and speaking all the way, especially by high schools. It is impossible for students to practice oral English more under the pressure National Ent
34、rance Examination. At present China, National Entrance Examination still takes the most important position in Chinese education system. As a result, teacher of high schools, he or she must adjust their teaching orders and approaches, the teacher dare not use more time to train students communicative
35、 ability, especially oral English in class teaching, the teacher just force the student to learn new words and grammar to meet the demands of National Entrance Examination. Moreover, in traditional English teaching, the teacher used to use mother language to explain target language, this is a wrong
36、teaching behavior, the teacher should change the approach and to explain target language by using target language, only in this way, can the teacher guide the students to develop their listening and speaking ability and to strengthen their communicative ability.2. Teaching SituationLanguage is a soc
37、ial communicative tool, and it is restricted directly by social context. If there is no specific social language context, then there is no communicative activity of language. In the process of English teaching, it is fully important and necessary to create social language context and to use real obj
38、ects, pictures, signs and motions. In contrast, Chinese high school students think it is difficult to study oral English, and it is easy to pass examination. This major reason is that there is no language context. It is a chief stage for students in high schools. Teacher assign a lot of exercise to
39、students in high schools, it takes much time for students to finish the exercises, so, it make students have little time in prating listening and speaking. But, as we all know, language learning needs a lot of time to practice, in fact, students can get effective result if they have enough time to p
40、ractice. So, the teacher should change the teaching approach. Firstly, teachers should try to use social language context as major oral and listening exercise language context. Secondly, teachers try to increase more practices of English listening and speaking activities for students, try to reduce
41、to translate by the thinking style of mother language, and try to master communication of listening and speaking. Finally, it is much more visualization, gradational, consistent and logic for teachers to organize language material. At the same time, it is beneficial for students to train their compe
42、tence of listening and speaking and language application.III. Available Teaching ApproachA. Proper English Teaching Approach There are five main skills in English application, they are listening, speaking, reading, writing and translation in the process of English teaching. In the traditional teachi
43、ng model, reading and writing are the first ones. Students think that they must have mastered English for they can read and write in English. In fact, they can read and write doesnt stand for they can listen and speak the aim of language study is to communicate with others by using language. Nowaday
44、s, people have been awarded of this idea step by step, so listening and speaking become more and more important in English teaching, but it is still not enough at all. Even if in the developed districts, it is still a general existing question, which is waste more time, get less quality in the proce
45、ss of English teaching. In that case, how to prevent this phenomenon from being happened? At first, people should abandon the traditional teaching approaches that just focus on the teaching of vocabulary and grammar. Because this teaching approach does bad effects on the teachers teaching and studen
46、ts learn. Although the vocabulary and grammar are very important, students should pay the same attention to language practice. When students use a language to communicate, they should use it freely. However, students always forget this rule. When they use language, they measure the language by gramm
47、ar. An American said like this: Chinese English is wonderful! But the actual situation isnt so ideal. The reason is that Chinese cant use language flexibly. They often speak some different vocabulary and sentences. As a result, National Education Department should adjust the traditional teaching mod
48、el so as to improve Chinese English level effectively.B. Good Arrangement of English TeachingIt is not easy for the teacher to make a proper arrangement of listening and speaking in teaching process for high school students. Everyone says that the stage of high schools is a first key point in person
49、s life. For the sake of National Entrance Examination, students do exercise without time to sleep and rest. In a classroom, teachers are busy in explaining new text or reviewing the materials. There is no time to train the ability of students listening and speaking. National Education Department points out that education should reduce students burden and pressure, but many schools dont really carry out this policy, they think students maybe become lazy if they reduce the assignments. But the author thinks,
