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1、Unit 2 HolidaysText C: Coping with Santa ClausTeaching Objectives（教学目的）Students will be able to1. Grasp the main idea and structure of the text2. Master the key language points and grammatical structures3. Conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme o
2、f the unit.Teaching procedures（教学步骤）(1) Pre-reading activity （Period1）a. Information related to the textb. Introduction to the Text c. Pre-reading questions(2)While-reading activity（Periods2-4）a. The organization of the textb. Detailed reading-study of the language points(3) Post-reading activity （P
3、eriod 5-6）a. Speaking Activityb. Writing Practicec. Have students finish the exercisesPeriod 1Pre-reading activitya. Background Information1. Origin of Christmas The name Christmas is short for Christs Mass. A Mass is a kind ofChurch service. Christmas is a religious festival. It is the day we celeb
4、rateas the birthday of Jesus. There are special Christmas services in Christian churches all over theworld. But many of the festivities of Christmas do not have anything todo with religion. Exchanging gifts and sending Christmas cards are themodern ways of celebrating the Christmas in the orld. The
5、birth of Jesus had a story: In Nazareth, a city of Galilee. The virginsname was Mary was betrothed to Joseph. Before they came together, she wasfound with child of the Holy Spirit. Joseph her husband was minded to puther away secretly. While he thought about these things, Gabriel, an angelof the Lor
6、d appeared to him in a dream and told him did not be afraid totake Mary as wife. And Mary will bring forth a Son, and he shall call hisname, Jesus, for he will save his people from their sins.Before Jesus births, Joseph and Mary came to Quintus was governing Syria.So all went to be registered, every
7、one to his own city. Joseph also wentup out of Galilee, out of the city of Nazareth, into Judea, to the cityof David, which is called Bethlehem, because he was of the house and ofthe lineage of David, to be registered with Mary, his betrothed wife, whowas with child. So it was that while they were t
8、here, the days were completedfor her to be delivered. And she brought forth her firstborn Son, and wrappedhim in swaddling cloths, and laid him in a manger, because there was noroom for them in the inn. And that, Christmas is the feast of the nativity of Jesus, is on 25th,December every year. But no
9、body know the actual birthday of Jesus. Andthe Christmas has become popular when Christmas cards appeared in 1846and the concept of a jolly Santa Claus was first made popular in nineteenthCentury.“圣诞节”这个名称是“基督弥撒”的缩写。弥撒是教会的一种礼拜仪式。耶诞节是一个宗节我们把它当作耶苏的诞辰来庆祝，因而又名耶诞节。这一天，世界所有的基督教会都举行特别的礼拜仪式。但是有很多圣诞节的欢庆活动和宗教
10、并无半点关联。交换礼物，寄圣诞卡，这都使圣诞节成为一个普天同庆的日子。圣诞节是基督教世界最大的节日。4世纪初，1月6日是罗马帝国东部各教会纪念那稣降生和受洗的双重节日、称为“主显节”Epiphany，亦称“显现节”即上帝通过那稣向世人显示自己。当时只有那路拉冷的教会例外，那里只纪念耶稣的诞生而不纪念那稣的受洗。后来历史学家们在罗马基督徒习用的日历中发现公元354年12月25日页内记录着：“基督降生在犹大的伯利恒。”经过研究，一般认为12月25日伴为圣诞节可能开始于公元336年的罗马教会）约在公元375年传到小亚细亚的安提阿，公元430年传到埃及的亚历山大里亚，那路撒冷的教会接受得最晚，而亚美尼
11、亚的教会则仍然坚持1月6日主显节是那稣的诞辰。12月25日原来是波斯太阳神（即光明之神）密特拉（Mithra）的诞辰，是一个异教徒节日，同时太阳神也是罗马国教众神之一。这一天又是罗马历书的冬至节，崇拜太阳神的异教徒都把这一天当作春天的希望，万物复苏的开始。可能由于这个原因，罗马教会才选择这一天作为圣诞节。这是教会初期力图把异教徒的风俗习惯基督教化的措施之一。后来，虽然大多数教会都接受12月25日为圣诞节，但又固各地教会使用的历书不同，具体日期不能统一，于是就把12月24日到第二年的1月6日定为圣诞节节期（ChristmasTide），各地教会可以根据当地具体情况在这段节期之内庆祝圣诞节。自从1
12、2月25日被大多数教会公认为圣诞节后，原来1月6日的主显节就只纪念耶稣受洗了，但天主教会又把1月6日定为“三王来朝节”，以纪念耶稣生时东方三王（即三位博士）来朝拜的故事。随着*教的广泛传播，圣诞节已成为各教派*徒，甚至广大非*徒群众的一个重要节日。在欧美许多国家里，人们非常重视这个节日，把它和新年连在一起，而庆祝活动之热闹与隆重大大超过了新年，成为一个全民的节日。12月25日的主要纪念活动都与那稣降生的传说有关。耶苏的出生是有一段故事的，耶苏是因着圣灵成孕，由童女马利亚所生的。神更派遣使者加伯列在梦中晓谕约瑟，叫他不要因为马利亚未婚怀孕而不要她，反而要与她成亲，把那孩子起名为“耶苏”，意思是要
13、他把百姓从罪恶中救出来。当马利亚快要临盆的时候，罗马政府下了命令，全部人民到伯利恒务必申报户籍。约瑟和马利亚只好遵命。他们到达伯利恒时，天色已昏，无奈两人未能找到旅馆渡宿，只有一个马棚可以暂住。就在这时，耶苏要出生了！於是马利亚唯有在马槽上，生下耶苏。后人为纪念耶苏的诞生，便定十二月二十五为圣诞节，年年望弥撒，纪念耶苏的出世。圣诞节便是於十二月二十五日纪念耶苏的诞生，但真实的诞生日就没有人知道了。十九世纪，圣诞卡的流行、圣诞老人的出现，圣诞节也开始流行起来了。2. Christmas Celebrations : December 25th is Christmas Day. On Chris
14、tmas Day, many people will have big parties. They like eating turkey（火鸡）, fruits and drinking some juice for supper. After supper, many people will go out for shopping and walking (walk) with their children. There are a lot of special things: Christmas trees, socks, Christmas card and some presents.
15、 So in Christmas Day, all the families are very happy.12月25日，是基督教徒纪念耶稣诞生的日子，称为圣诞节。从12月24日于翌年1月6日为圣诞节节期。节日期间，各国基督教徒都举行隆重的纪念仪式。圣诞节本来是基督教徒的节日，由于人们格外重视，它便成为一个全民性的节日，是西方国家一年中最盛大的节日，可以和新年相提并论，类似我国过春节。圣诞节的由来耶稣的生日究竞是哪一天，其实早无据可查。为什么要把12月25日定为圣诞节呢？这是在5世纪中叶由教会规定的。公元354年，在“菲洛卡连”日历中第一次写明12月25日是耶稣的生日，到5世纪西方普遍接受了这
16、个日期为圣诞节。西方人以红、绿、白三色为圣诞色，圣诞节来临时家家户户都要用圣诞色来装饰。红色的有圣诞花和圣诞蜡烛。绿色的是圣诞树。它是圣诞节的主要装饰品，用砍伐来的杉、柏一类呈塔形的常青树装饰而成。上面悬挂着五颜六色的彩灯、礼物和纸花，还点燃着圣诞蜡烛。红色与白色相映成趣的是圣诞老人，他是圣诞节活动中最受欢迎的人物。西方儿童在圣诞夜临睡之前，要在壁炉前或枕头旁放上一只袜子，等候圣诞老人在他们入睡后把礼物放在袜子内。在西方，扮演圣诞老人也是一种习俗。注:不是英汉对照!上面是英文简介,下面是汉语资料!1.Santa Claus and his GiftsGift-giving is a near-
17、universal part of Christmas celebrations. In many countries, children leave empty containers for Santa to fill with small gifis such as toys, candy, or fruit. In the USA and the UK, children hang a Christmas stocking by the fireplace on Christmas Eve, because Santa is said to come down the chimney t
18、he night before Christmas to fill them. In other countries, children place their empty shoes out for Santa to fill on the night before Christmas, or for Saint Nicholas on December 6th. Gift giving is not restricted to these special gifi-bringers, as family members and friends also bestow gifis on ea
19、ch other.2. Christmas CardsChristmas cards are extremely popular in the United States and Europe, in part as a way to maintain relationships with distant relatives and friends, and with business acquaintances. Many families enclose an annual family photograph, or a family newsletter telling activiti
20、es of family members during the preceding year.3.DecorationsDecorating a Christmas tree with lights and ornaments, and decorating the interior of the home with garlands and evergreen foliage, particularly holly and mistletoe, are common traditions.In North and South America and to a lesser extent Eu
21、rope, it is traditional to decorate the outside of houses with lights, and sometimes with illuminated sleighs, snowmen, and other chiristmas figures.4.Socisl Apects and EntertainmentIn many countries, businesses, schools, and communities have Christmas parties and dances during the several weeks bef
22、ore Christmas Day.On chirstmas Day or on Christmas Eve, a special meal ofChristmas dishes is usually served, for which there are traditional menus in each country. In some regions, particularly in Eastern Urope,these family feasts are preceded by a period of fasting. Candy and treats are also part o
23、f the chiristmas celebration in many countries.5. Origin of Christmas TreeAlthough it is generally agreed that the Christmas tree in its current form came from Germany in the early 19th century, the tradition of decorating a tree to mark winter celebrations dates back hundreds ofyears to Roman times
24、, when the Romans used to decorate evergreen trees with small pieces of metal to celebrate Saturnalia, .Legend also suggests that, in the late 16tb century, Martin Luther (the founder of the Protestant religion) was the first to decorate an indoor tree with candles when he attempted to recreate the
25、stars shining over a forest ofevergreens.The first mention of decorated trees being taken indoors came in 1605 in Germany a country with a long Christmas tree history! The trees were initially decorated with fruit and sweets together with hand-made objects such as quilted snowflakes and stars. Germa
26、n Christmas markets began to sell shaped gingerbreads and wax ornaments which people bought as souvenirs of the fair and took home to hang on their trees.Artificial trees were in vented in the1880s in a bid to try and stop some of the damage being caused to real trees due to people lopping the tip o
27、ff large trees, thus preventing the trees from growing any further. It got so bad in Germany that laws had to be brought in to preveving people having more than one tree.Prince Albert, husband of Queen Victoria, is credited with being responsible for introducing the custom of the Christmas tree to t
28、he British public by decorating the first English chiristmas tree at Windsor Castle in 1841 using candles, sweets, fruit and gingerbread.The popularity of the Christmas tree grew in Britain during the first half of the 20 century, with trees becoming bigger and more elaborately decorated with bells,
29、baubles and tinsel.6.RudolphRudoiph is depicted as an ordinary reindeer with a large, red nose, often grinning and always leading the team pulling Santas sleigh, which is usually comprised of the eight reindeer mentioned in Twas the Night before Christmas in pairs. (Rudolph is not depicted with a pa
30、rtner, thus reinforcinghis status.) b. Warm-up ActivitiesPurposes：To let students know something about chinese and western holidays;To start students talking about ChristmasDay;To start students talking about the spirit Christmas;To familiarize students with the topics in the text.Activity oneDirect
31、ions: Ask Ss the following questions.1) Do you know the English names of the following chinese festivals?2) What western festivals are you familiar with? Tips: Spring Festival, Lantern FestivaL the Tomb-Sweeping Day, Dragon Boat FestivaL Lovers Day,Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, Nationa
32、l Day.* New Year, Valentines Day, April Fools Day, Easter (夏活节), Mothers Day, Fathers Day, Harvest Festival, Halloween (万圣节 mainly USA), Bonfire Night (UK only), Thanksgiving (感恩节 USA only), Christmas.Activity TwoDirections: Ask Ss to try to answer the following questions.Questions: Where does the w
33、ord Christmas come from? Why is December 24th called Christmas Eve ?Tips: Christmas = Christ - Mass = The Mass of Christ Christ = Jesus Christ Mass = Roman Catholic religious Church service of mass The word mass probably comes from the last words of the service of mass which are missa est in Latin,
34、meaning you are dismissed. The English word mass comes fiom the Latin word missa. *In old times, days started at sunset.So the evening of the day, theeve happened first. Then we changed to days starting at midnight. Now the eve is the evening of the previous day. So Christmas Eve is the day before C
35、hristmas.Activity ThreeDirections: Suppose tomorrow were Christmas Day. What would you wish Santa would bring you tonight? Please write down the gifts and the reasons why you wish to have them.Activity FourDirections: Group Discussion on the topic Whats the spirit of ChristmaslTips:It means family r
36、eunions and a wonderful meal togetherIt means lending a helping hand to people in needIt is the spirit of giving.It offers many opportunities to spread peace on earth, good will toward menIt is love,joy, peace, and good will to our fellow human beings.The Christmas spirit is all about caring for and
37、 sharing with your loved ones.Actrvity FiveDirections: Design a Christmas card. Write down your wishes for jriends, families or ,elatives.Tips for Christmas wishes:Wishing you all the blessings ofa beautiful CMstmas season.Wishing you a merry ChristmasA Christmas greeting to cheer you, my good frien
38、d.I hope this card reaches you in time for Christmas.Wishing you and your family all our blessings for a beautiful Christmas season! Global Study of the TextSuggested ActivitiesActivity One:Directions: The text is organized in chronological order; please find the time markers in the textTips:the wee
39、k before Christmas;Christmas Eve;the next morning;that afiernoon;then it was bedtimePeriod 2-4While-reading activitya. Text Organization Part one (Para 1-2): As Christmas approached,Julie began to doubt the existence of santa clans;however,her parents didnt tell her the truth.Part two (Para 3-6): Ju
40、lie prepared a letter for Santa clans to sign so as to check whether he was real or not.In order to make her believe Santa was real,her father signed the letter.Part three (Para 7-11): After seeing the letter,Julie was very happy that Santa Clans was real.Part Four (Para 12-24):Julie found out the w
41、hole truth about Santa clans.b. Detailed Study of the Text1)Christmas, she thought about Santa Clause more and more. 【译文】十月份朱莉已经满8岁了。随着圣诞节的临近，她越来越惦念着圣诞老人。 turn:vi.to become a particular age, or to reach a particular time达到（某年龄或时间） e.g. She turned 40 last June. It has just turned midnight. be on ones
42、 mind: in ones thoughts, preoccupying one惦记，挂在心上 e.g. Shes the type of person who just says whats on her mind. 2) (Para.l)every night she announced to her father,“I know who really brings the presents. You do! 译文】每天晚上她都向父亲宣布：“我知道礼物其实是谁送的。是你！” announce:v. to say sth. in a loud and confident way; to m
43、ake sth. publicly known宣（告） e.g They announced their engagement to the family. Yesterday the government announced to the media plans to create a million new jobs. It has been announced that Mr.A and Miss.B will be married next week. John announced that he had found a new job. announcement:n宣布（告），通告
44、e.g. Announcements of births, marriages and deaths appear in some newspapers. The children were excited by the announcement that they would have an extra holiday. Every new announcement of hers was greeted with shouts of laughter.3) (Para.2) Neither he nor l was sure she really wanted the truth. 【译文
45、】他和我一样，无法确定她是否真的想知道真相。 neither. nor.:既不也不（连接并列成分） e.g I need neither your help nor his. Neither you nor I can solve this difficult problem. either. or.：不是就是；或（连接并列成分） e.g You could either go to the library or attend the class. Either Sam or Joe will accompany you to the meeting tomorrow. 4) (Para.2)
46、 And we both were reluctant to give up Santa Claus ourselves. 【译文】而且我俩也都不愿意放弃圣诞老人。 be reluctant to do sth.: be unwilling and therefore slow to co-operate, agree, etc.不情愿地 （勉强地）去做 e.g She was very reluctant to admit the truth. The child was reluctant to leave her mother. reluctant: adj. slow and unwi
47、lling不情愿的，勉强的 e.g Stores have cut prices to attract reluctant shoppers.5) (Para.2)in case Santa was hungry. 【译文】以防圣诞老人肚子饿。 in case: because of the possibility of sth. happening以防，万一 e.g. Youd better take the keys in case Im out. Be quiet when you go inside in case the baby is asleep. Take an umbrella, in case it rains. in case of:若发生某事，假如 e.g In case of fire, call 119. in no case:决不 e.g. In no case should you give up.6)(Para.2) We made a fuss about the fire being out in the fireplace so he wouldnt get burned: We
