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1、上饶师范学院 毕业论文（设 计） 题 目: 母语负迁移与英语教学学生姓名： 学 号 09050439 学 院： 外 国 语 学 院 专 业： 英 语 班 级： 2009级（4）班 指导教师： 二一三年四月Negative Transfer of Mother Language and English Teaching Method AThesisPresented toThe School of Foreign Languages Shangrao Normal UniversityIn Partial Fulfillment of the RequirementsFor the Degree
2、 of Bachelor of ArtsBy Yu Yunhua Under the Supervision of Huang Jiaoling April 2013Abstract To us Chinese, as we learn and use English, the mother language transfer phenomenon is being an objective fact around. The transfer usually manifested in many aspects of study, including phonetics, vocabulary
3、, and pragmatics; in our daily life such a transfer also takes place. Mother language transfer can promote English learning, but also interfere with it. For both English learners and lecturers, they can better avoid the Negative Transfer of mother tongue and reduce the occurrence probability of it i
4、f they know well about the phenomenon, and can make better use of the positive transfer of mother tongue. For English teachers, they can find better teaching methods, thus achieving higher efficiency of teaching.Key wordsnegative transfer of mother tongue; avoid; English teaching摘要对于我们说汉语的人来说，在学习和运用
5、英语的同时，母语迁移现象也就成为了存在于我们身边的客观事实。这种迁移在学习中常表现为语音、词汇、语用等诸多方面；在日常生活中，这种迁移也经常出现。母语的迁移有促进英语学习的正迁移，也有干扰英语学习的负迁移，无论是学习者还是英语讲授者，认清母语负迁移现象，能更好地避免、减少母语负迁移的发生，同时能恰当地利用母语正迁移作用，对于英语教师而言，便能找寻更好的英语教学法，进而达到更高的教学效率。 关键词母语负迁移；避免；英语教学ContentsAbstract(English)Abstract(Chinese)Key words1. Introduction .1 2. The phenomenon
6、of negative transfer of mother tongue.1 2.1 In daily life.1 2.1.1 About colors.1 2.1.2 About numbers.2 2.1.3 About social intercourse.3 2.1.4 About historical traditions.3 2.2 Negative transfer of mother tongue on the study.4 2.2.1 The negative transfer on pronunciation .4 2.2.2 The negative transfe
7、r on vocabulary.5 2.2.3 The negative transfer on pragmatics.63. Related strategies of English Teaching.8 3.1 Bilingual teaching method.8 3.2 Comparative teaching method.8 3.3 Making use of the transfer rule of Chinese pinyin.9 3.4 Interactions.9 3.5 Carrying out different training forms. .9 3.5.1 Pr
8、esenting an oral speech. .10 3.5.2 Strengthening practice. . .10 3.5.3 Comparative study. .10 3.5.4 Alternative exercise .104. Conclusion.10Acknowledgments.12Bibliography.13 1. Introduction Language transfer has been the focus of Applied Linguistics, Second Language Acquisition and Language Studies.
9、 The word transfer derives from Educational Psychology. It means the influence that is made by the acquired knowledge, skills, learning methods or learning attitude on the acquisition of new knowledge and new skills also the dealings with new issues (朱智贤, 1989). Judged from the transfer direction, i
10、t includes Forward transfer (influence of prior learning on subsequent learning) and Reverse transfer (influence of subsequent learning on prior learning); according to the transfer effect, it can be divided into Positive transfer (former learning promotes latter learning) and Negative transfer (for
11、mer learning interferes latter learning); according to the abstract and generalization level of the transfer content, there are Horizontal transfer(also called Transverse, means the mutual influence between experience of abstraction and generalization that at the same level. For example, the summari
12、zed relationship between the acute angle, the right angle, the obtuse angle, and straight angle etc, is parallel) and Vertical transfer ( means the mutual influence between experience of abstraction and generalization that at the different level. to be more specific, it means the mutual influence be
13、tween an upper experience that is of a higher abstraction and generalization level and a lower experience that is of a lower abstraction and generalization level. Including that from bottom to top and from top to bottom. ) This paper is mainly about the negative transfer of our mother tongue Chinese
14、 in our English learning, and about some relevant teaching strategies. 2. The phenomenon of negative transfer of mother tongue Negative transfer of mother tongue occurs in all aspects of the English use. But we can learn it from the two large aspects- life and study. 2.1 In daily lifeThere is no den
15、ying that different countries have different customs. 2.1.1 About colorsTake the preferences on color for example. Our Chinese culture has been fond of red color since ancient times, and we think red is auspicious and lucky. For instance, wedding is called red happy event. The bride is in red, and w
16、ears a red covering; the groom also wears a big red flower in chest and bedding is turning red, and the whole bridal chamber is covered with red ornaments: double Xi in red and red silks and satins etc.; legend of the matchmaker s giving one a Marriage line is called pulling the red thread; people s
17、tick red couplets in the spring festival; prosperity is flourishing, and a person having the prestige is called prestigious; be welcomed by and loved for people like stars , called popular; charity called red cross; even our national flag is also in red. By contrast, in English culture, red is not p
18、opular. People not only dislike red but think it violent, bloody and noisy. While they like white very much, they are more likely to wear white bridal veil in the wedding, and In their eyes white symbolizes purity. Instead, in our culture, we dislike white. People set up white flags for a dead perso
19、n, and when to present the funeral they wear white hat or white flower on the head and some will tie white satin around the head. They are all in white clothes and attach a piece of white cloth on their shoes. Besides, all the stains in the mourning hall are in white and people call the banquet whit
20、e happy event. For that reason, usually, people wont wear white flowers on the head; when people feel not well, and dont look so good, we call it pale and so on. These cultural differences have resulted negative transfer in learning English for us that speak Chinese. 2.1.2 About numbers. Lets turn t
21、o number preference. Countries all have their own Lucky numbers and taboo numbers. There were many important thoughts in the ancient times that had something to do with number three. Say, San cai,San jie,San ling are all used to refer the three of heaven, the ground, and people; and people believed
22、there were three lives including prelife, this life, and the future life; there exist many sayings in the folk that have relevant with the number three: Two heads are better than one, A fence of three piles, one of three men to help, the good fortune of three lives and so on. Therefore, the number t
23、hree is treated as a lucky number in China. In English the number three is not special, but the number 13, which in Chinese has nothing particular in meaning has many meanings in English. It is not only unpopular to people but even be abandoned by people, and it is considered as the symbols of ill o
24、men, and it is said that there is a story about the number 13. It goes like this: the person who gave away Jesus is the 13th disciple of his. As a result, people inmost hate the number 13 very much, and it happened that it was Friday when Jesus was afflicted, so generally speaking, people would do n
25、o actions when the day is both Friday and 13th of that month. In foreign countries, it is impossible to find the number 13 when it comes to the house number, room number of hotel, and the storey of buildings, as well as the seat numbers of a party. In the British theatre, there is no seat that was m
26、arked with row 13, group 13. And in the America, if there is a seat marked with row 13, group 13, the ticket will be sold at the half price. Besides, many sports team dont have the 13th member. In addition, Garner Africa, Afghanistan, Singapore and some Latin American countries do not like this numb
27、er either. In Holland, people use 12A to substitute for No. 13. It seems that the French are wiser, in their theatre, it is often used as passage between the row 12 and the row 14. Whats more, going for a trip on the 13th of a month is a taboo for foreigners, and that they will never have meals toge
28、ther at the same table for 13 persons, letting alone to accept 13 dishes for a meal. All these differences of culture have brought us, who speak Chinese from the very beginning, many difficulties in learning English, because the cultural differences have resulted negative transfer in our learning En
29、glish. 2.1.3 About social intercourseWe can also see the negative transfer in the cultural of social intercourse. Foreigners usually talk about the weather for the topic when they happen to encounter each other outside. While Chinese people commonly use greetings like have you had your dinner? or Wh
30、ere are you going?, or maybe What are you busy with? and so on when they meet. Actually, all those greetings are just for polite formula to show their friendliness, and no real questions. If we Chinese to say hello with foreigners in this way, they will more likely to feel rather baffling, or it may
31、 be resulting the misunderstanding that we are inviting them to dinner or we are doing something on purpose to interfere in their private affairs and so forth. Chinese people are inclined to talk the issues that including age, occupation, income and family etc. in the process of social interaction,
32、which are all considered as private affairs in the foreign countries. If we just use our cultural thought to deal with foreigners customs, many unpleasant consequences will be caused, when all these we did are not on purpose and sometimes, we even dont know what happened to the talk. This is the phe
33、nomenon that we call negative transfer of our culture in our English learning. 2.1.4 About historical traditionsBesides parts above, let us have a look at the negative transfer of the traditional culture. Show respect for the elderly is the outstanding tradition of the Chinese nation and to address
34、the old men with the word Lao is a kind of respect. For example, Zhang Lao, Guo Lao, Yu Lao, Li Lao and so on; in the daily life of our Chinese people, there also exists the address like Lao Zhang, Lao Guo, Lao Yu, Lao Li and so forth. Those appellations in our daily life, though dont show respect,
35、they can mean a kind of amiable feeling. By contrast, the English-speaking people is very sensitive to the word old(Lao), and the old people there dont like to be addressed with the word old. (for example，old people, old man, old woman, the elderly). Usually they are more willing to accept the addre
36、ss like senior citizen or golden age. We are all aware of it that on the buses there are seats for special usage, and there are public signs for these seats. In our country, the signs are usually come like for Lao, Ruo, Bing, Can only and because of the negative transfer of our culture, many people
37、will translate the signs directly like the old, weak, sick, disabled only. This is clearly incompatible with the foreigners viewpoint of traditional culture, so it is difficult for them to accept the translation above, and it will make people fell quite embarrassing. While the public signs on the bu
38、ses used in the foreign countries are Courtesy Seats. (黄姣玲, 2011) 2.2 Negative transfer of mother tongue on the study To learn a language requires us to learn many aspects of its knowledge and what we mainly investigate here, are three points of the negative transfer of our mother language on the pr
39、ocess of our learning English that including English pronunciation, vocabulary, and pragmatics. 2.2.1 The negative transfer on pronunciation Research shows that the learners first language has a great influence on the second language pronunciation system. Experts find that the major problem of the c
40、hange that from the first language to a second language is right the matters of pronunciation. That is to say the native speech has a significant inhibition impact on English phonetic learning, which we call negative transfer of the mother language. We can find that when most of the Chinese speak En
41、glish will more or less with a little accent, which can also illustrate this point. Therefore, the American or British people can easily tell who is the foreigner from his English pronunciation, although the Chinese learners all try to think of many kinds of ways to improve their English pronunciati
42、on at the very beginning, the results still does not turn out to be the same as one wish. (Vivian Cook,2000) In addition, Chinese and English are two different family languages, and the use of vocal organs and place of articulation is not exact the same. Its stress, rhythm and intonation characteristics also have many differe
