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1、 2011届学士学位论文 Times New Roman，小二（根据字数的多少可大可小），加粗，居中On Symbolism in A Streetcar Named Desire黑体，四号，居中，学院、专业 外国语、英语 英语语言学、英国/美国/（英语国家选一个）文学、翻译理论与实践、应用语言学、英国/美国/（英语国家选一个）文化研 究 方 向 学 生 姓 名 学 号 指导教师姓名 指导教师职称 2011 年 5 月 10 日Times New Roman，三号，加粗，居中On Symbolism in A Streetcar Named DesireTimes New Roman, 小四，
2、1.5倍行距，200-300个单词Abstract: Symbolism is profoundly used in Tennessee Williams masterpiece, A Streetcar Named Desire and plays an important role in the play by helping readers understand the concept of the theme. This paper is an attempt to give a comprehensive analysis of specific symbols in this pl
3、ay and to discuss how the misery and the inner world of the characters are disclosed through the remarkable use of symbols. Symbols are profuse in the play and they help to achieve a thematic importance when combined with the romantic realism that Williams favored at the beginning of his career. The
4、 thesis is made up of four parts. The first chapter gives a brief introduction of the playwright and the play. Also a literature review which states some scholars concerns in this play is given and in the second chapter, an elaborate analysis of the individual symbols such as names, colors, sound, l
5、anguage and other images in life applied in this play is presented. Chapter three is a thematic probe into the play based on the symbolic understandings of the characters. Finally, a conclusion is given to summarize symbolism in this play. Key words: symbolism; A Streetcar Named Desire; self-delusio
6、n; Southern culture论欲望号街车的象征主义黑体，三号加粗，居中宋体，小四号，1.5倍行距, 300-400个汉字摘要：象征手法在田纳西威廉斯的著作欲望号街车中得到了淋漓尽致的应用。其对帮助读者理解戏剧主题起重要的作用。本文试图对此戏剧中的象征物进行详尽的分析并讨论人物的悲惨境遇和内心世界如何通过象征物精彩的应用显现出来。论文分为四部分。第一章简介剧作家及戏剧并在文学评论中简述一些学者对此戏剧的研究。第二章详细分析戏剧中应用的各个象征物，包括名称，颜色，声音，语言等。第三章在对人物的象征性理解基础上探索主题。最后一章总结戏剧中的象征主义。内容仅供参考，英汉摘要和关键词内容必须一
7、致关键词：象征手法；欲望号街车；自我欺骗；南方文化 ContentsTimes New Roman，三号，加粗，居中Abstract.I1. Introduction.12. Study of Individual Symbols.22.1 On Names.32.2 On Colors.43. On Symbolic Understanding of Characters.53.1 Victim of Self-delusions63.2 Victim of Social Circumstances.73.2.1 Victim of the Old Southern Culture.83.2
8、.2 The Destruction of the Old South Genteel World.94. Conclusion.10Times New Roman，小四，1.5倍行距References.11Times New Roman，三号，加粗，居中上下左右页边距均为2.5，全文行距均为1.5，英文字体为Times New Roman, 中文为宋体On Symbolism in A Streetcar Named Desire一级标题：上面空一行， 小三号字，加粗1. Introduction首行缩进4个字符Tennessee Williams was one of the most
9、important and talented playwright of all history. One of his masterpieces, A Streetcar Named Desire, which was opened on Broadway in 1947, was an immediate success, catapulting him into the mainstream idolatry as an American playwright.By now, scholars have paid much attention to various aspects in
10、A Streetcar Named Desire. For example, Fang Jun and Liu Nuoya probe into the mature of the dramatic technique the poetic realism through meticulous study on the symbolic and expressionistic writing techniques and the interrelations of them in The Glass Menagerie and A Streetcar Named Desire (23). In
11、 Desire, Death and Dementia, researches have been put into analysis of the protagonist with understanding of symbolism (杨晋, 2002: 36-38) . 中文作者全名, 时间: 页码二级标题：上下不空， 四号字，加粗2. Study of Individual Symbols2.1 On Names英文作者姓氏, 时间: 页码At the beginning of the play, readers are confronted with extremely obviou
12、s symbolic names of places. When Blanche arrives at her sisters place, she says, “They told me to take a street-car named Desire, and then transfer to one called Cemeteries and ride six blocks and get off at Elysian Fields.” (Williams, 1978: 471) Thus, it is possible he represents a cemetery for Bla
13、nche. Stanislaus is the name of a king of Poland. Clearly, Stanley is the king of his household.2.2 On ColorsWhen Blanche first appears, she is described as “daintily dressed in a white suit with a fluffy bodice, necklace and earrings of pearl, white gloves and hat”. (Williams 471) Blanches white su
14、it and gloves which are the symbol of purity shows her desire for purity and suggests that she wants to forget her sordid past, to hide her inner sins and to stay as an image of a dainty old south beauty. This is very ironic because white also is the color which is the most easily stained and destro
15、yed. 3. On Symbolic Understanding of CharactersA Streetcar Named Desire can be described as an elegy, orpoetic expression of mourning, for the Old South that died in the first part of the twentieth century. Alcoholism, depression, thwarted desire, loneliness, and insanity are all parts of this play.
16、 The character of Blanche Dubois is a vivid example of the use of symbolism throughout the play. Blanche is victim of her own self-delusions and Old South attitudes.3.1 Victim of Self-delusionsBlanche arrives in New Orleans as an arrogant, fragile, and ultimately crumbling figure. Clinging desperate
17、ly to her self-delusion, unable to accept the savage reality of what has happened to her, and just as unable to comprehend how her sister Stella can endure her current living condition, Blanche is slowly losing her mind. Her desperate line, “I dont want realism! I want magic!” (Williams, 1978: 545)
18、is a cry from the heart. She wishes to view life as one that is rose-colored and that goes along with her old-fashioned southern belle personality. The loss of her young husband Allan has caused her loneliness, sexual desire, and even certain signs of psychological instability. What Blanche does not
19、 realize is that she can not change the past through the present. Blanches youth is gone, and she tries to give the appearance of being as youthful and innocent as she once was, but her illusion can not last. As an epigraph to the play, Williams quotes from the poem “The Broken Tower”, by Hart Crane
20、: And so it was that I entered the broken world To trace the visionary company of love, its voice An instant in the wind (I know not whither hurled) But not for long to hold each desperate choice.The use of this poem helps to express Williamss choice of theme in A Streetcar Named Desire. After Blanc
21、hes young husband Allan Grey dies, she has entered a “Broken world” of fear, longing, and sorrow because of her simple desire to hear “the visionary company of love, its voice”, or tender, gentle words of love and appreciation from Stella and Mitch. However, these words are only “visionary”. The los
22、s of Allan and the desire to “trace” or recapture her love lead her to make so many desperate choices. (Londre, 1997: 49)三级标题：上下不空，小四号字，加粗3.2 Victim of Social Circumstances3.2.1 Victim of the Old Southern CultureGiven Mitchs statement, it seems that Blanches bad sexual experiences and romantic delus
23、ions have been the source of her fall. Yet Williams depicts the fallen, Southern women as Blanche who is also a victim of societys rules. Before we see Blanches miserable life experiences and fall, lets first have a look at the south land she has lost. In The Mind of the South, Cash present us a des
24、cription of the land which cultivates those old southern gentlemen and ladies. The warm pleasant climate and leisure rich life there give this land certain atmosphere of romance. The plantation owners can have their own way in their land and enjoy the harvest by the slaves labors. Thus, a spirit of
25、indulging and pleasure seeking is cultivated. But at the same time, Cash points out that those old southern residents, especially women, are puritans that are sternly restricted by their value of morality. The economic structure of the plantation leaves women highly dependent on men because for a lo
26、ng time, they are detached from working and management of the plantation. Thus they cling to men or become toys that entertain and please men. On one hand, they should act and speak appropriately and be lady-like because of the puritan doctrines they believe, on the other hand, they have to get mens
27、 admiration and hearts in order to maintain their dependent position. Therefore, there is a mixture of Puritanism and hedonism in them(汪义群, 1992: 83). Clearly，we can see the contradiction of desire and soul in Blanche. 3.2.2 The Destruction of the Old South Genteel WorldA Streetcar Named Desire desc
28、ribes the cultural and social differences and the arising problems between two different “worlds”. On the one hand is the former “world” of Blanche DuBois, a woman of the Old South and on the other hand is the “world” of Stella and Stanley Kowalski, who belong to the working class and live in the do
29、wntown immigrant neighborhood of New Orleans.The Northern and Southern cultures at that time were acting against each other, mirrored in Stanley and Blanche. The setting of New Orleans is important to the play. The city is one of powerful contrasts: old French architecture and the new rhythms of jaz
30、z; a kind of old world refinement mixed with a sign of poverty and modern life; decay and corruption with the regenerative powers of desire and creation. The city is eternally in a state of mixture, a mix of the modern world and New Orleans confused history; in Americans eyes, New Orleans is also as
31、sociated with desire and sexuality. From the beginning, the three main characters in this play are in a state of tension. Williams establishes that the apartment is small and confining, the weather is hot and oppressive, and the characters have good reasons to come into conflict. 4. ConclusionWhen t
32、he history of American theater is written for the 20th Century, Tennessee Williams is one of the most prominent names to be mentioned. He pushed the exploration of the human soul to the very limit in his work. Williams is fond of symbols and he successfully uses these varieties of symbols to help th
33、e audience to understand the play, especially in A Streetcar Named Desire. The symbolic use of images including names, colors, sound, language and other images in life in this play is the purest device Williams applies to resonate with the theme. The hidden ugliness from the past, both emotional and
34、 sexual neediness of Blanche and her fading beauty, vulnerability, and weakness are successfully revealed through the images such as light, bath, color whose symbolic functions have been specifically discussed in chapter two. The symbolic understanding of the characters comes to the conclusion that
35、Blanche and Stanley are respectively the representations of the Old South and the New South and Blanches mental deterioration into madness and the triumph of Stanley are the sign of the destruction of the old south genteel world.论文正文字数为5000字。ReferencesTimes New Roman，三号，加粗，居中1 Londre, Felicia Hardis
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