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1、1,1552-1599,2,Spensers Biography,Edmund Spenser was born to a London family of modest means around 1552.He was educated in London at the Merchant Taylors School.After taking his B.A.(1573)and M.A.(1576),Spenser left Cambridge for Kent,where he acted as secretary for John Young,recently created Bisho
2、p of Rochester.It was there that the poet probably composed The Shepheardes Calender(printed in 1579).1579:Spenser had been accepted into the employment of the Earl of Leicester.During Leicesters service,Spenser met Sir Philip Sidney and Sir Edward Dyer.With several others,these men seem to have con
3、stituted an informal intellectual society called the Areopagus,discussing law,philosophy,and poetry.In July 1580 Spenser went to Ireland,in the service of the newly appointed lord deputy,Arthur Lord Grey de Wilton.In 1594,he married Elizabeth Boyle.After the Tyrone rebellion of 1598,in which Kilcolm
4、an Castle was burned,he returned to London,where he died in 1599 in poverty.,3,Influence,Spenser was highly influenced by Geoffrey Chaucer.In his work,he synthesized classical,medieval and Renaissance predecessors.He influenced English Romantics such as William Wordsworth,John Keats,Lord Byron and A
5、lfred Lord Tennyson.,4,Important Works,Shepheardes Calender(1579)The Faerie Queene Books 13,published in London(1590)It was Ralegh who,reading through Spensers draft of The Faerie Queene,encouraged him to join him on a trip to London in 1590,where he presented Spenser to the Queen.The poem found suc
6、h favour with the monarch that Spenser was granted a pension for life amounting to 50 pounds a year.Amoretti(1595)Astrophel A Pastoral Elegie upon the death of the most Noble and valorous Knight,Sir Philip Sidney(1595)Faerie Queene Books 46 reprinted Books 1-3(1596)A vewe of the present state of Ire
7、lande a prose treatise on the reformation of Ireland(Spensers work was entered into the Stationers Register in 1598 and circulated in manuscript but not published until 1633).,5,Spenser used a distinctive verse form,called the Spenserian stanza in several works,including The Faerie Queene.The stanza
8、s main meter is iambic pentameter with a final line in iambic hexameter(having six feet or stresses,known as an Alexandrine,and the rhyme scheme is ababbcbcc.The Spenserian Sonnet is based on a fusion of elements of both the Petrarchan sonnet and the Shakespearean sonnet.It is similar to the Shakesp
9、earan sonnet in the sense that its set up is based more on the 3 quatrains and a couplet,a system set up by Shakespeare;however it is more like the Petrarchan tradition in the fact that the conclusion follows from the argument or issue set up in the earlier quatrains.,Spenserian Stanza,6,Title page
10、of the first edition of The Faerie Queene(1590)by Edmund Spenser.,7,incompleteLargely symbolic,the poem follows several knights in an examination of several virtues.Book I:Holiness The Red Cross Knight=The Knight of HolinessBook II:Temperance Book III:Chastity Book IV:Friendship Book V:Justice Book
11、VI:Courtesy,8,General Structure of The Faerie Queene,Spenser planned for 24 books:12 based each on a different knight who exemplified one of 12“private virtues”,and a possible 12 more centred on King Arthur displaying twelve“public virtues”.Spenser names Aristotle as his source for these virtues.In
12、addition to these six virtues,the Letter to Raleigh suggests that Arthur represents the virtue of Magnificence and that the Faerie Queene herself represents Glory(hence her name,Gloriana).See the Letter to Walter Ralegh(Course Reader,page 40 dedication and first note),9,Book I,Summary,As Spenser tel
13、ls in his letter to Ralegh,the storys actual beginning is in Book 12(which was never written).During annual Feasts at the Queens palace,Una visits the queen,tells her that her parents are plagued by a Dragon,asks her help.The Queen assigns Red Cross Knight for the task.The quest is that of the Red C
14、ross Knight to free Unas parents and their land from the oppression of a great dragon.On an allegorical level,Redcross represents the individual Christian,in search of Holiness.When he is with Una(Truth),he overcomes Error.When he is seperated,peril from Archimago(False religion,Rome),Duessa(duplici
15、ty),Pagan Trinity(Sansloj-lawless,Sansjoy-joyless,Sansfoy-faithless).The setting is“Faerie Land”(refers to England).On a larger scale,it is a fight between good and evil,between the Anglican Church and Rome.,10,The document suggested Britain should mark the visit by asking the pope to open an aborti
16、on clinic,bless a gay marriage and launch a range of Benedict-branded condoms.It said the pope could show his hard line on the issue of child abuse allegations against Roman Catholic priests by sacking dodgy bishops and launching a helpline for abused children.The Foreign Office issued an apology fo
17、r the memo,which was leaked to the Sunday Telegraph,describing the suggestions as ill-judged,naive and disrespectful.,11,Main characters in Book I,Red Cross KnightUnaDuessa ArchimagoOrgoglio Pagan Trinity(Sansloj,Sansjoy,Sansfoy).King ArthurThe DragonThe LionLuciferaSir Satyrane,12,Detailed analysis
18、 of characters in Book I:Red Cross Knight,How is Red Cross Knight used as a character?as an allegorical character(Holiness,Church of England;religious symbol)as St.George,the patron saint of England(historical/national symbol)as an individual being(A Christian looking for grace in this fallen world;
19、individual figure)He gets into trouble because he is not virtuous enough.His quest is to be united with Una(Truth)and kill the Dragon.Read the first 3 stanzas in canto 1,13,Illustration from an edition of Edmund Spensers The Faerie Queene.,14,A 15th-century icon of St.George.,15,Detailed analysis of
20、 characters in Book I:Una,Una is Truth Anglican ChurchRead stanza 4-5-6,canto 1Rides an Asse(truth is slow!)Her face is covered:Truth is not obvious,not in plain sight.Dressed in a black robeAccompanied by a white lamb(innocence)Also accompanied by a Dwarf(common sense),16,Una Delivering the Red Cro
21、ss Knight from the Cave of Despair,(Canto 9)c.1830 by Sir Charles Lock Eastlake,17,Detailed analysis of characters in Book I:Archimago,Read stanza 29,Canto 1Means arch-image:refers to the excessive use of images,idols in the Catholic ChurchHe represents Evil,the evil of falseness,deceipt,and hypocri
22、sy King Philip II of SpainCatholic ChurchHe is a sorcerer,can change his and others appearance.In the end,his magic fails.The hermitage,the sacred well,the holy things his offices and devotions and,in the next stanza,the tales of saints and Popes and the slighting reference to his strewing of Ave-Ma
23、rys after and before,point this clearly.Question to ponder:How do you compare his magic with that of Prosperos?(and as we will read Dr.Faustus?,18,Detailed analysis of characters in Book I:Duessa,She representsFalsehood,DeceptionMary Queen of Scots(Catholic)Catholic Church,19,ETCHING TITLED.*THE COM
24、BAT OF ST GEORGE AND SANSFOY*.THE ORIGINAL ETCHING FOR THE ILLUSTRATION OF,BOOK ONE,CANTO 2.BY GEORGE PERCY R.E.(1884),20,Duessa Una,Dressed in redBorrows lightDuplicityAlways complainingAttacks,finds faultsShows offStarts,causes fight,Dressed in whiteHas inward lightTruthNever complainsAll-forgivin
25、gCovers her faceTries to prevent fights,21,Two major characters who are crucial in all six books,King Arthur&Queen Elizabeth(and their marriage),22,Queen Elizabeth(1533-1603)Queen Elizabeth is Gloriana(representing Glory)(She never appears in the poem.Her castle is the final destination in Book 12(w
26、hich was never written).It was court fashion to address the Virgin Queen under such symbolic names as Gloriana,Oriana,Diana,Cynthia.,23,King Arthur,king of Britons in 5th and 6th century A.D.,Was Arthur a true,historical figure or only a hero of legend?This is truly up to each and every one of us to
27、 decide for ourselves.Arthur represents a man who was the epitome of good against evil,light against darkness,and that eternal,never-ending struggle between what is right and that which is wrong.,24,Marriage of King Arthur and Guinevere,During Renaissance Arthurs historicity was vigorously defended,
28、partly because the Tudor monarchs traced their lineage to Arthur and used that connection as a justification for their reign.Modern scholarship has generally assumed that there was some actual person at the heart of the legends,though not of course a king with a band of knights in shining armor.,25,
29、Arthur in The Faerie Queene,Arthur represents the virtue of Magnificence“So in the person of Prince Arthure I sette forth magnificence in particular,which virtue for that(according to Aristotle and the rest)it is the perfection of all the rest,and conteineth in it them all,therefore in the whole cou
30、se I mention the deedes of Arthure applyable to that vertue,which I write of in that booke.”But of the 12 other vertues,I make 12 other knights”He does not occupy a commanding position.He appears in Canto 8 in each book.He does not have a significant role in action.He is in search of FQ,whom he saw
31、in a vision.Similarly,three themes(not unrelated but certainly distinct)stand behind the figure of Arthur Magnificence,the historic might and glory of Britain,and the Earl of Leicester.In making Arthur the hero of his poem he was not only celebrating the legendary British hero,but supposedly histori
32、c ancestor of the Tudor line”(127).“Had Queen Elizabeth been a king his course would have been simple;Prince Arthur would simply have been the type of his sixteenth-century successor.But a queen cannot be personally Arturus Redivivus;she must then become his destined bride”(127-128).,26,You can listen to the whole text at:http:/librivox.org/newcatalog/search.php?reader=&mc=&bc=&cat=&genre=&language=&type=&author=spenser&title=queen&status=all&reader_exact=&mc_exact=&bc_exact=&date=&group=&engroup=&ingroup=&group=71,
