《History of British LiteratureBritish literature after 1940.ppt》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《History of British LiteratureBritish literature after 1940.ppt（103页珍藏版）》请在三一办公上搜索。
1、,British literature after 1940,novel,1900-1918:realismGalsworthy:The Forsyte Saga H.G.Wells:Arnold Bennet:The Old Wives TaleWilliam Maugham:Of Human Bondage The Moon and Sixpence,1918-1945:modernismD.H.Lawrence:Stream of consciousness:Joyce,Woolf(Proust:A La Pecherche du Temps Perdu Faulkner,Saul Be
2、llow,Franz Kafka)E.M.Forster:A Passage to India,1930s:economic crisis social satire Huxley:Brave New World Evelyn Waugh:Brideshead Revisited A Handful of Dust George Orwell:1984 Animal Farm Anthony Powell:A Dance to the Music of Time,post-war1.1950s:Angry Young Men(novel/drama)2.1960s:philosophical
3、allegorical novels Anthony Burgess:A Clockwork Orange W.Golding:Lord of the Flies John Fowles:The Collector The French Lieutenants Woman,3.Women Novelists Doris Lessing:The Golden Notebook Iris Murdock:The Black Prince Margaret Drabble:The Realms of Gold Elizabeth Taylor:In a Summer Season Muriel Sp
4、ark:The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie Fay Weldon:Life and Love of a She-Devil A.S.Byatt:Possession:A Romance Angela Carter:The Magic Toyshop,4.Science fictionJules Verne(French)Journey to the Center of the Earth Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea H.G.Wells The Time Machine The War of the Worlds The I
5、sland of Dr.Moreau The Invisible Man,Sir Arthur Conan Doyle:The Lost WorldSir Arthur Charles Clarke:2001:A Space OdysseyC.S.Lewis:The Chronicles of Narnia:The Lion,the Witch and the Wardrobe J.G.Ballard:The Drauned World,The Burning World,The Crystal World Tolkien:The Lord of the Rings J.K.Rowling:H
6、arry Potter,5.contemporary novelistsJustin Hill V.S.Naipaul Louis de BerniresKate Atkinson Philip PullmanSarah Waters Zadie Smith,George Orwell(Eric Blair)1903-1950,Birthplace:India Died:1950(complications from tuberculosis)Best Known As:The author of Nineteen eighty-four,Nineteen Eighty-Four(1949):
7、classic dystopian novel-BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOUAnimal Farm:satire of Stalinist totalitarianism(All animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others),Katherine Mansfield1888 1923,short story writerNew Zealanddied of tuberculosis in 1923,Her short stories,poetic,delicate,ironiccharact
8、erized by a subtle sensitivity to mood and emotion,revealing the inner conflicts her characters face(stream of consciousness)marital and family relationships:womens lives and social hierarchies trivial events and subtle changes in human behavior(Chekhov),Her Writing,1911-The First Collection:The Ger
9、man PensionCollection of 13 short storiesStates her feelings towards Britain Pre-WWIThese were the first pieces to reveal her attraction to both men and women,which is referenced in many of her other works,including Bliss.,Major Works1917“A Dill Pickle”莳萝泡菜1920“Bliss and Other Stories”1921-“The Stra
10、nger”1922“At the Bay”1922“The Garden Party and Other Stories”Considered her finest workWritten a year before her death,Characters,Bertha Young HarryLittle BMaryNurse,Pearl FultonEddie WarrenMr.And Mrs.Norman Knight,Themes,Marriage and AdulteryBertha convinces herself that her marriage is perfect,and
11、 sees her husband as a good companionShe comes to the realization that her husband is having an affair with Pearl,whom she had thought he strongly disliked.,The Pear Tree,Symbolic of Berthas“happiness and friendship”with Pearl.But the pear tree was as lovely as ever and as full of flower and as stil
12、l.”After realizing the affair,Berthas attitude is quickly changed and we see that she misinterpreted this connection with Pearl,A Dill Pickle,Main Idea,a young man and a young woman who had been lovers once and now meet again after six years of separation,and as they reminisce what happened six year
13、s ago that finally led to the end of their relationship.In the story,the author artfully points up Vera,the heroines sensitivity and the mans insensitivity to others their feeling,attitudes and motivations,and the mans self-involvement.,And while we were eating the coachman came up.Have a dill pickl
14、e,he said.He wanted to share with us.That seemed to me so right,soyou know what I mean?“although she was not certain what a dill pickle was,she saw the greenish glass jar with a red chili like a parrots beak glimmering through.She sucked in her cheeks;the dill pickle was terribly sour,Symbolize?,首先，
15、它可以象征两人的爱情。当一对昔日恋人再度相逢，原来甜蜜的爱情已如莳萝泡菜般变得酸涩。其次，它可以象征着薇拉在见到昔日的“他”以后复杂的情感，就像莳萝泡菜的味道那样，充满了酸甜苦辣。第三，就像黄瓜、青椒在被腌渍后味道有所改变，薇拉六年来所经历的生活也发生了变化。她日渐衰老，身体无法抵御严寒；生活窘迫，连自己最心爱的钢琴也不得不卖掉。莳萝泡菜可以理解为象征着薇拉生活的变化容颜的改变，身体状况和经济状况的改变。第四，莳萝泡菜的作用是开胃，提高人的食欲。对于“他”来说，薇拉就是开胃的泡菜，只是调节“他”的单调的生活，不是“他”的主菜，不是可以陪伴“他”一生的人。第五、“莳萝泡菜”还可以象征薇拉对美好生
16、活的向往。莳萝泡菜并不名贵，素昧平生的马车夫愿意慷慨地与人分享，表现了人与人之间的互相关爱，令薇拉神往不已。,Ian Fleming 1908-1964,author&journalist Best Known:creator of James Bond 007,Casino Royale(1953),Live and Let Die(1954),Moonraker(1955),Diamonds Are Forever(1956),From Russia With Love(1957),Dr.No(1958),Goldfinger(1959),For Your Eyes Only(1960),
17、Thunderball(1961),The Spy Who Loved Me(1962),On Her Majestys Secret Service(1963),You Only Live Twice(1964),The Man With The Golden Gun(1965),and Octopussy/The Living Daylights(1966).,Bond is a brave,lady-killing British agent who travels the globe,battles super-villains bent on world domination,and
18、 famously prefers his vodka martinis shaken,not stirred.The stories produced a highly profitable movie series which continued into the 21st century,with many famous actors to play Bond.,Top:Sean Connery,George Lazenby,Roger Moore.Bottom:Timothy Dalton,Pierce Brosnan,Daniel Craig.,William Golding(191
19、1 1993),novelist,poet 1983:Nobel Prize in Literature best known for his novel Lord of the Flies knighted by the Queen in 1988,Lord of the Flies 1.introduction:allegorical novel title:1).a line from King Lear As flies to wanton boys,are we to the gods,They kill us for their sport.(Act IV,Scene 1)2).a
20、 reference to the Hebrew name Beelzebub(god of the fly,host of the fly or literally Lord of Flies),a name sometimes used as a synonym for Satan.,2.content:set at a time when Europe is amidst of nuclear destruction.A group of boys,being retreated from England to Australia,crash lands on a tropical is
21、land.Ralph holds an election and is voted the chief of the boys.They made a constant fire signal by using Piggys glasses.The belief in the existence of a“beast”splits the boys into two groups.Ralph attempts to disprove the existence of the beast while Jack uses the belief in the beast to encourage h
22、is group.,Jack soon forms a separate tribe and gains traitors from Ralphs tribe by promising them meat,fun,and,most importantly,protection from the“beast”.Jack and his tribe eventually murder one of the other boys,Simon,who was mistaken for the“beast”.They then attack Ralphs camp and steal Piggys gl
23、asses in order to make a cooking fire.By this time Ralphs tribe consists of just himself,Piggy,and twins named Sam and Eric.,They all go to Jacks tribe to try to get back Piggys glasses so he can see.In the confrontation Piggy is killed by a falling rock.Sam and Eric are captured and both become par
24、t of Jacks tribe,leaving Ralph by himself.In order to kill Ralph Jack sets the entire island on fire.The fire is so large that it attracts the attention of a nearby warship which comes to the island and rescues the boys.,3.analysis of themes1)biblical:the island,a paradise with food,water,and other
25、natural resources:metaphor for the Garden of Edenfirst appearance of the beast in a form of a serpent-evil Satan.2)the nature of evil:the evil and the terror of human beings is not an external threat,but an inborn evil within themselves,Doris Lessing(Doris May Taylor),Born:1919 Birthplace:Iran Award
26、:In 2007,Nobel Prize for LiteratureBest Known As:author of The Golden Notebook,In 1945 joined the Communist Party and married the German political activist Gottfried Lessing,who later became the German ambassador to Uganda and was accidentally killed in the 1979 revolt against General Idi Amin(70年代乌
27、干达的独裁者，最富争议性的人物之一。被称为非洲屠夫、非洲狂人),In 2007,Lessing won the Nobel Prize in Literature.She was described by the Swedish Academy as the female experience,who with scepticism,fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilization to scrutiny”(女性经历的史诗作者，用怀疑主义、才华激情和预言的力量，来审视被割裂的文明).Lessing is the elev
28、enth woman to win the prize in its 106-year history,and also the oldest person ever to win the award.,The Grass Is Singing:set in Africa and depicted a poor white farmer whose wife has a relationship with their African servant,and who eventually kills her The Golden Notebook:masterpieceChildren of V
29、iolence(5 novels):(first four in Africa,fifth in London)Martha Quest tries to move away from the old ideas of the society,about politics and religion and the part to be played by women,live her life according to her own beliefsThe Canopus in Argos(5):science(space)fiction series,Features of her writ
30、ings,set either in Southern Africa or in England(recent ones set in outer space)concerned with people involved in the social and political upheavals of the 20th century:womens lives,beliefs,pressures they feel in life and societyskilled in describing the struggles of independent women and the gulf b
31、etween old and young generations in modern times Shift:1970s to science fiction,The Golden Notebook1.introduction:most widely read and translated book a feminist novel about intellectual women in modern society:about womens lives,beliefs,pressures,2.Contents:It is the story of writer Anna Wulf,the f
32、our notebooks in which she keeps the record of her life,and her attempt to tie them all together in a fifth,gold-colored notebook.,Black:memories of life in Central AfricaRed:her experiences with the British Communist PartyYellow:a fiction she writes based on the painful ending of her own love affai
33、rBlue:recording her memories,dreams,and emotional life.3.womens struggles with the conflicts of work,sex,love,and politics,John Fowles 1926-2005,Postmodernistexistentialist,existentialism,the conflict between the sexes,the relationship of man to nature,the role of the artist,Existentialism is a move
34、ment in 20th century literature and philosophy which advocates that individuals create the meaning and essence of their lives,as opposed to deities or authorities creating it for them:individual is entirely free,and,therefore,ultimately responsible.It is up to humans to create personal responsibilit
35、y for themselves,outside of any belief system.,The French Lieutenants Woman 1.introduction:postmodernismset in Victorian England in 1867social and existential freedom,The novels central character is Sarah Woodruff,the Woman of the books title,also known by the nickname Tragedy and by the unfortunate
36、 nickname The French Lieutenants Whore.She lives in the town as a disgraced woman,supposedly ill-used by a French sailor who returned to France and married another woman.One day,she is seen by the gentleman Charles Smithson and his fiance,Ernestina Freeman.,Ernestina tells Charles something of Sarah
37、s story,and he develops a strong curiosity about her.They end up having several secret meetings during which Sarah tells Charles her history and asks for his support,mostly emotional.At the same time,Charles learns his projected inheritance from an older uncle is in danger,as the uncle is now engage
38、d to a woman young enough to bear him an heir.,From there,Fowles offers three different endings.1).Charles marries Ernestina.Their marriage is not a happy one,and Sarahs fate is unknown.,2).Charles becomes intimate with Sarah and breaks his engagement to Ernestina,which brings unpleasant consequence
39、s.He becomes disgraced,and his uncle marries and gets an heir.Sarah flees to London without telling Charles,who,very much in love with her,looks for her for several years before finding her again-she is living with several artists,and enjoys an artistic,creative life.He then sees that he has a child
40、.Their future as a family is left open,but there is an implication that they might reunite.,3).Events are the same as in the second ending,but when Charles finds Sarah again in London,their reunion is a sour one.He realizes he has been used,but sees some benefit in the journey towards self-knowledge
41、.Sarah does not tell him about the child,and expresses no interest in furthering their relationship.,Angry Young Men:applied to a number of British playwrights and novelists from the mid-1950s.The phrase was originally used by British newspapers after the success of the play Look Back in Anger(John
42、Osborne)to describe young British writers.,Sir Kingsley Amis(1922 1995),His lifenovelist,poet,critic,and teacher He wrote more than twenty novels,three collections of poetry,short stories,radio and television scripts,and books of social and literary criticismknighted in 1990 fathered English novelis
43、t Martin Amis,young:member of the Communist Party anti-communist:disillusioned and conservative(USSR invaded Hungary in 1956)essay:Why Lucky Jim Turned Right dystopian novel Russian Hide and Seek,Lucky Jim(1954)comic novel,first novel,and Somerset Maugham Award first British campus novel,Jim Dixon i
44、s not dedicated to his job as a medieval history lecturer at a provincial university.Having made a particularly bad first impression in the history department,he is concerned about being fired at the end of his first term,and seeks to hold his position by maintaining good relations with his superior
45、,the tedious Professor Welch.,Dixon meets Christine,a young Londoner who is dating Professor Welchs son Bertrand.The novel reaches its climax in Dixons lecture on Merrie England,which goes horribly wrong as Dixon,attempting to calm his nerves with a little too much alcohol,uncontrollably begins to m
46、ock Welch and everything else that he hates;he finally goes into convulsions and passes out.Welch,of course,fires Dixon.,However,Christines uncle,who reveals a respect for Dixons individuality and attitude towards pretension,offers Dixon the assistant job in London that pays much better than his lec
47、turing position.Jim finally has the last laugh as Christine,having found out Bertrand was also pursuing an affair with the wife of one of Jims former colleagues,decides to pursue her relationship with Dixon.,V.S.Naipaul(1932-),spokespersons inEnglish prose ofthe post-colonialThird World.,Post-coloni
48、al literature:involves writings that deal with issues of de-colonization or the political and cultural independence of people formerly subjected to colonial rule,Trinidad,1950 attend Oxford University 2001 Nobel Prize in LiteratureA House for Mr.Biswas(1961),about an immigrants attempt to assert his
49、 identity and independence.In a Free State(1971,Booker Prize)A Bend in the River:set in a town at the bend of a great river in a newly-independent African nation(1979),Louis de Bernires(1954-),London,his surname being inherited from a French forefather joined the army when he was 18,but left after f
50、our months of service.Before he began to write full-time he held a wide variety of jobs,including being a mechanic,a motorcycle messenger,an English teacher in Colombia,and a gaucho in Argentina.,Captain Corellis Mandolin(1993):most famous bookLatin American trilogy:experiences in Colombia:The War o
