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1、,Fiber Optical CommunicationMarket and Technical Trend,Bo Cai,JDS Uniphase,JDSU Snapshot,Communications Markets,Fiber OpticalComponents,Capacity per strand(Gb/s),As the demand for bandwidth grows,each network,Impact of WDM Technology,As the demand for bandwidth grows,each networkpipe needs to expand
2、 to carry more data,with aaminimum investment of$/managed bit,Performance/Price,9 Months,18 Months,Optical,Impact of WDM TechnologyTime to Double,12 Months StorageMoores Law:,Silicon IC,5,1,2,3,4,Year 0,RESOURCE EFFICIENCY,Progress Time Scales AcceleratingTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS100%10%1%0%,1700,1750,180
3、0,1850,1900,1950,2000,2050,1)Jesse H.Ausubel,Where is Energy Going?,The Industrial Physicist,Vol.6(1),p.17(Feb.2000).,pja 3/2/00,What if photonic engineersad workedtheir magic on aviation?,Boeing 747,“TeraPlane”,Passenger CapacityCoast-to-Coast TimeTicket Price,4005 hours$400,800020 minutes$5,Rapid
4、Change in the Telecom Economy,Service Provider Annual Capital Spending$120,000$100,000$80,000$60,000$40,000$20,000$01996 2002 2008Source:CIBC World Markets,Unsustainable Spending by Service Providers,40%35%,CapEx and CashFlow as a%of Sales45%,Cash FlowCapEx,30%25%20%15%10%5%0%1996 2002 2008Source:CI
5、BC World Markets,Relative size(1999=10),The Traffic Dilemma,Traffic,CostsRevenues,10000,Traffic is growing atexplosive rates,1000,100,.And network costsare growing faster thanrevenues,101999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005,New component and network technologies help solvethis dilemma-on a large scale,
6、After RHK,Wild Swings in Component Revenue,CIBC Optical Component Revenue Estimates($B),$9$8$7$6$5$4$3$2$1$0,$10,1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004,Source:CIBC World Markets,Market View:Stock Price Performance,A Trillion$Industry!,Service providersSystem Vendors,Component makersmaterialSupplier
7、s,$20Bn/yr50%/yr,Smartpipe,Yips,Level 3,WorldcomNortel,LucentAlcatel,Ciena,JDSU,AvnxBKHM,Agere,$700Bn/yr10%/yr$150Bn/yr15%/yr,Optical is a major industry!,SDLI-GM,Ciena-Mcdonalds,Corning-Boeing,JDSU-Sony,(=User2 x Bandwidth x Online Time),Capacity,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,We are here!
8、,Where we are?Near FutureThere is rapid increasing demand400%per yearIt is commercially profitable to fulfill3%for 1%price reductionIt is environmentally sustainableNon nature resource hungry,2003,2004,2005,An Optical Solution,Optical Communication is the only viable,way because:,Optical fiber is th
9、e only wideband,cost,effective,low loss media.,A large bandwidth of signal can be processed,much easily in optical domain.,DWDM is a preferred approach for high,capacity optical network.,Cost effective,scalability,flexibility Double capacity every 6 months!,Components and Modules in DWDM Networks,Tr
10、ansmission Source lasers Modulators Wavelockers Receivers Detectors Tx/Rx modules,DWDM Thin film filters Fiber gratings Waveguides Circulators Interleavers Mux/Demuxmodules,Amplifiers Isolators Tap couplers Pump lasers Gain equalizers Attenuators Integratedamplifiers SOAs,Switching OpticalSwitches C
11、irculators Couplers Add/dropmodules,980 nmPump Module,EDFA,RamanModule,LiNbO 3Products,Tx/RxElectronics,NetworkMonitor,AWGMultiplexer,REV.7/24/00-16,1,R,MOD,OADM,POLRx Elec.,MODTx,2,VOA,VOA,VOA,DRV,DRVMOD,DRVMOD,NM,NM,NM,NM,NM,NM,Raman,Raman,Pol,Pol,Pol,Rx Elec.,Rx Elec.,Rx Elec.,980nmPumpEDFA,980nm
12、PumpEDFA,980nmPumpEDFA,980nmPumpEDFA,DRV,OXC,MUX,DEMUX,Networks By Structure,Scaleability,Re-,configurability,Configurability,Connectivity,Capacity,Technical Functionality,add-drop,Flexible wavelengthtranslation,wavelengthrouted networks.Reliable end-to-endwavelength service,OXC,OXC,OADM,OADM,OADM,W
13、DM rings,programmableOADM,Flexiblebandwidthprovision,Reliable opticalprotection,Point-to-point WDMwith fixed add-dropOADMPoint-to-pointWDMCapacity increase,fiber relief,Optical Networking EvolutionOptical cross-connects,interconnected opticalrings and meshesOXC,OXC,OXC,Time,2000,1996,2008,2004,1024,
14、5122561286432168,Optical,10 MHz,DS3,100 MHz,OC3,OC12,1 GHz,OC48,OC192,100 GHz,10 GHz,Electrical vs.Optical-Cross ConnectsElectrical Limits,High power,comsumption:e.g.1024x1024:4 kW Jitter:very large Large switches Need OE/EO conversion Bipolar or GaAsElectrical,Data Rate,Number of Ports,Share of Tra
15、nsport Market,Relative Performance/$,OPTICAL NETWORK EVOLUTION,0%,100%,0%,100%,Networking Functionality in the Optical Layer,MESH OF DWDM PIPESNOWFUTUREPERFORMANCE/$FIXED ADD/DROP,CONFIGURABLEADD/DROP,OXC,Flexibility:-All-Optical routing-Dynamic Add/Drop-Network topology,Metro Core(IOF),MetroAccess,
16、WRE,Long-Haul FiberWRE,WRE,WREMetro Regional,OXC,WRE,Wavelength Routing Element,OXC Optical Cross-Connect,Access Optical Add-Drop Nodes,Optical Monitoring,Trends in Metro DWDM Networks,Scalability:-Modular approach-Protocol-independentManageability:-Optical layer protection-Automated optical perform
17、ance monitoring-Software controlled optical tuning-Auto-discovery of optical nodes,Wavelength Service Provisioningand Bandwidth Management,Switch,MuxOut,Drop,DemuxInAdd,Attenuator,Configurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer,WAVELENGTH,SWITCH,WAVELENGTH,SWITCH,WAVELENGTH,SWITCH,WAVELENGTH,SWITCH,WAVELE
18、NGTH,SWITCH,WAVELENGTH,SWITCH,WAVELENGTH,SWITCH,WAVELENGTHSWITCH,WAVELENGTHSWITCH,WAVELENGTHSWITCH,WAVELENGTHSWITCH,WAVELENGTHSWITCH,WAVELENGTHSWITCH,SCALABILITY,WAVELENGTHSWITCHWavelength,Router/WavelengthInter-exchange-Eliminate regenerators and OXC between rings-SCALABLE OXC!,Wavelength Switch Sy
19、stem Applications:All Optical Ring InterconnectWavelengthSelectable,OADM,Multi-Port Wavelength SwitchINMultiple fibersDispersiveElementMEMS Array,ArrayControl,OUT Add/Drop any or all wavelengths:any orderhitless reconfiguration Wide passband,very low dispersion,RX,RX,RX,RX,TX,TX,TX,TX,NODE,NODE,Wave
20、length Switch/Wavelength Blocker,WAVELENGTHSWITCH,Express,TunableFilters,TunableTransmitters,NODEAA,NODEBB,Lower cost Network installation and node upgrades,Enables remotely configured installation proceduresLower labor cost to manage and maintain network,Simplified Network Planning:,Shorter time fr
21、om capital expenditure to revenue,Colourless Optical Network:,Lower inventory costs,low sparing costs,fewer part numbers,Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation:,Improved network efficiency through re-distribution of bandwidth,.,.,.,.,.,.,Multiwavelength Opaque Optical Networks,1.3 m intra-officeOptical transp
22、ort system(1.55 m WDM),Transponders,Terminating equipment|SONET,ATM,IP.,Why Ultra Long Haul System?,Reduced cost:,from point-to pointto all opticalnetwork,Equipment Operation,Administration,Increase revenue:,from Voice to DataNetwork,Faster provision,Provided new service,Future ULH All Optical Netwo
23、rk,Enabling Technologies for ULH System,Raman amplifier x 2.5,Forward Error Correction(FEC)x 2 Modulation Format x1.5 x 2 Dynamics Gain Equalizer(DGE)Dispersion management,5 10(1/mW/km),Raman Scattering Interactionbetween opticalphonon andphoton Strongly dependon fiber type Non-linearity inWDM,gRAef
24、f,Raman Gain 18.86,4,p=0.25(dB/km)With Pp=100mWRaman Gain=3.75dB,gR PpAeff p,Signal Power,Raman Amplifier For 13 dB gain(400mW pump),about 2.5xdistance Avoided highpower region:non-linearity,Avoided high noise,Source:Lightwave August,2000,1 0 1+0,Q,regionPure EDFAHybrid AmplifierHigh Power RegionHig
25、h Noise regionSource:M.Nissov et al,ECOC 97,PD,pp.9-12,Dynamic Gain Equalizer,Electronic Equalizer,DeMux/Attenuation/Mux,AWG:Lucent,Diffraction grating:,Lucent:MEMS JDSU:LCD Coring:LCD,Fouier Filter,MZI,Waveguide:IBM,Birefringence crystal:Chorum,All fiber Acoustic,Dynamic Gain Equalizer,r z,D(z),Dis
26、persion Management for ULH System(I),;,A(z)=,k,R 1D(z)1 rz 1,x,For ULH system,seasonal temperaturechange will requiredtunable dispersioncompensation VIPA FBG All-pass filter MEMS all-pass filter Ring all-pass filter Gires-Tournois all-pass filtero,Dispersion Management for ULH System(II),VIPAGires-T
27、ournois all-pass filter,Interleaver:Enables ScaleableTerabit Network,80-ch C-band,+,80-ch L-band,1.6 Tb/s,Interleaver,10-ch mux/demux,Loss(dB),-3 0-4 0-5 0-6 0,1 578,15 79,158 0,1 581,15 82,158 3,15 84,158 5,1 58 6,15 87,Dr op 1Dr op 2Dr op 3Dr op 4,Wavelength(nm),Test Results:Bandwidth and Crosstal
28、kLow Loss,Flat Passband,High IsolationFull Spectrum0-1 0-2 0,Reliability,TelecomDatacom,As more traffic iscarried on opticalinfrastructure,the reliability ofthe optical networkwill be required toapproach that ofvoice networks oftoday.,Datacom and Telecom Convergence will require robustnetwork protec
29、tion,restoration,monitoring,andthe optical layer,MetroIOF,MetroAccess5-10 km50-60 km,MetroIOF 20 km 200 km,LongHaul 80 km300 km,SpanReach,Network By DistanceOptical layerManagementLong HaulCentral,OfficeCentralOffice,Business&MetroAccess,Network Monitoring,Power Equilization,Fault Sectionalization,L
30、ong Term Monitoring,Network CommissioningInter-Network Monitoring,10 Years ago:Distance4 Channel P2P WDM Link,WDM,RxRxRxRxAttenuatorOAComp,90km x 9 spans,TxTxTxTx,40 Channels,Atten,5 Years ago:CapacityMarconi 40 Channel DWDM P2P Link,RxRxOAuator CompWDM,TxTx,90km x 9 spans,Tx/Rx/Switch,WDM,Now:Conne
31、ctivity40 Ch,10 nodes Metro RingOACompVaria,ble,NewTunable,Future:Flexibility P2P to Ring to Mesh network structure evolution Tunable and configurable OADM nodes and OXC Extensive monitoring to ensure SoQ Tight control impediments such as CD and gain slope ina dynamic network Compact size at lower c
32、ostOA,WDMVariable,High,Volume,Low,Market Positioning,Commodity,Unattractive,Art,Attractive,Fiber OpticalComponents,VOA,Tunable,ConnectorIsolator,WDM,PM comp,High,Low,Complicity,Conclusion,Fiber Optical Components market is,recovering.,Renewed interest on new component,technology,especially tunable and configuredevice but only from major players,Last generation of hot products will quickly,become economically less attractive.,JDS Uniphase(SZ)is recruiting,Optical passive and active,Mechanical and Electronic,High speed circuit design/testing,
