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1、Editors: Huang YuchunProof readers:Wang Liqiang Kang JianqiuUnit 2 Module One The 3rd week (2) 类别课程标准要求掌握的项目话题English language and its development; different kinds of English词汇名词： elevator, petrol, gas, voyage, apartment, vocabulary, spelling, identity, expression, Spanish, lorry, accent, lightning,
2、 block, cab, AD, base, Danish, Singapore, Malaysia, usage, command, request, 动词：base, command, request, recognize形容词：official, gradual, fluent, native, latter, frequent, midwestern, African, southeastern, northeastern, straight, Danish, Spanish, eastern, 副词：fluently, gradually, actually, frequently短
3、语： because of, come up, at present, make sure of, such as, play a part in功能语言交际困难（Difficulties in language communication）Pardon? I beg your pardon? I dont understand.Could you say that again, please? Sorry, I cant follow you.Could you repeat that, please?Can you speak more slowly, please?How do you
4、spell it, please?句型1. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.2. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.3. So why has English changed over time?4. For example, India has a very large nu
5、mber of fluent English speakers.Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.5. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.6. At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from
6、the English spoken today.7. Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.8. American English has so many dialects because people have come from all over the world.9. It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.10. The latter gave a separate identity to American
7、English spelling.11. English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.12. So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.基础知识归纳1. command n. & v. 命令；指令；掌握command sb. to do sth. command that sb. (should) do st
8、h. 命令某人做某事have a good command of 精通 at sbs command 听某人支配under ones command 由某人指挥 under the command of sb. 在某人的指挥之下用法归纳：(1) He commanded his soldiers to stand at attention.He commanded his soldiers (should ) stand at ease. (2) You must obey the captains commands.(3) He has 1,200 men under his command
9、.(4) The students who are fit for the job must have (a) good command of English.2. request n. & v. 请求，要求用法归纳：at ones request / at the request of sb. 应某人的请求/要求 on/upon request 一经要求by request (of sb.) 应（某人的）请求，经（某人的）要求 request sth. from / of sb. 请求，要求request sb. to do sth. 要求某人去做某事 request to do sth某人
10、要求做某事 request that(should) do 要求(1)Youd better request them to help when you are in trouble.(2) The staff requested that he (should) consider his decision again.(3)Im going to the supermarket, any requests?(4)Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.3. recognize v. 辨认出，承认，公认 recognition n. 认
11、识；认出用法归纳：recognize sb. /ones voice 认出某人（听出某人的声音）recognize as/to be 承认是 recognize that 认识到It is recognized that 人们公认 out of / beyond recognition 认不出来/面目全非 (1)He didnt recognize his old friend at once.(2)This group of workers recognized him to be / as their great leader. 4. 表示原因的短语 because of ; owing
12、to; due to; thanks to; as a result of ; on account of5. base n. 基础，基地（含工业基础和军事基地） basis n. 基础，根据（指讨论、推断的根据） basic adj. 基础的；基本的，首要的baseon/upon 把建立于基础之上 be based in 设立在.at the base of 在的底部 on the basis of 以为基础(1) One should always base his opinion on facts.(2)The film is based on a story written by La
13、wrence.(3) We had a rest at the base of the mountain.such as 例如（列举事实） for example 例如 （举例）for instance 例如 （举例） namely 即，也就是and so on 等等 etc. 等等 take for example 以为例6.7. over: during the time Will you be at home over Christmas?over: by using People can hear the news over the radio. over: more than Chi
14、ldren over seven should go to school. over: while doing or eating etc. They relaxed over a glass of e across 偶然遇到 come about 发生出现 come on 快来、加油 come out 出来、出版 come at 攻击、向.扑来 come back to life 复活come up with 想出 （主意等）come up过来；被提出；出现8. come on：1). 催促；快速运动。常用于祈使语气Would you please come on? Well be late
15、! 请快一点吧！我们要晚了！2). 制止一种不合适的行为；放弃一种职位或态度；强迫。主要用于祈使语气Youve used the same feeble excuse for weeks. Come on！几个星期以来你一直采用相同的无力借口。别再装了！3). 递增；按增额发展或进步 Darkness came on after seven. 七点以后天色渐暗。4). 逐渐开始；按晓得增额或程度开始Sleet came on after one oclock. 在一点钟后冰雹到来了。9. make full /good use of 充分使用 make the best use of= mak
16、e the most of= make the best of 充分使用make little use of 不充分使用 take advantage of 利用 be of great use 很有用be / go out of use 不被使用；废弃 come into use 开始被使用 be in use 在使用中bring /put to use 加以使用 Its no use doing sth. 做某事没用(1) We should make use of time to finish the work.(2) Since youve got a chance, you must
17、 make full use of it.(3) We could make better use of our resources.(4) The limited time should be made use of to prepare for the upcoming examinations.10.Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English. no such名词单数as“没有所谓的”not such a名词单数“没有所谓的“ ”拓展： many such men / one such thing/all s
18、uch examples He said he hadnt got time or made some such excuse. 他说他没有时间, 或是诸如此类的藉口.more than + 数词 超过，多于 more than + 名词 不仅是，不只是more than + 形容词/ 副词 非常，十分 no more than = only 只有，仅仅not more than 至多，不超过 no less than 不少于，多达morethan 与其说 倒不如说 11.(1) She is more diligent than clever.(2) Im more than satisfi
19、ed with what you have done.(3)There are no more than 3 spelling errors in the composition.12. at present: now; at this time, at this moment At present he is a professor of mathematics at Cambridge. present adj. 现在的； 出席的； 到场的；He doesnt know how to deal with the present situation.The people present at
20、 the meeting are advanced workers.He was present at the meeting the other day.13. 关于“旅行”：学以致用，我来挑战（用本单元的词或短语填空）voyage: a journey by sea to a foreign or distant land 去国外或较远地方的海上旅行journey: the act of travelling from one place to another 指较远的从一地到另一地旅行travel: a series of journeys一系列的旅程，尤指旅行的概念trip: a sh
21、ort going from one place to another （短途）旅行tour: a trip with visits to various places of interest for business, pleasure, or instruction 为了公务、娱乐或教育参观多处名胜的旅行 Different Countries Have Different Kinds of Englishes_1_ of people from England play an important part in spreading the English language. _ 2_ _
22、, English is _3_ spoken as an _4_ or common language in many countries, _ 5_ _ America, Singapore, Malaysia and some African countries. All _6_ _ British English, the English spoken in these countries can be well understood by native English speakers. But _7_, these English have been _8_ _ changing
23、in _9_ _, spellings, expressions and the _10_ of vocabulary. Because of this fact, you can _11_ _ the differences to tell which country the foreigners of your _12_ _ are from. For example, if a boss fluently _13_ his driver, “_14_ to my apartment by _15_ and take some _16_ for my trucks and _17_ _”,
24、 instead of _18 _, “Please come to my flat by lift and take some petrol for my lorries and taxis”, you can recognize his American _19_ _, while the latter _ 20_ that he is British. 英国人的航海在英语的传播中扮演了重要的角色。目前，英语在许多国家被作为官方语言或通用语言频繁地使用，例如美国、新加波、马来西亚和一些非洲的国家。这些国家的英语都以英式英语为基础，能很好地为以英语为本族语的人所理解。但是实际上，这些英语在口
25、音、拼写、表达和词汇的使用方面都在逐渐变化。因为这一情况的存在，你就可以利用这些英语之间的区别说出你们街区的外国人是哪个国家来的了。例如，如果有个老板流利地命令他的司机：“Come up straight to my apartment by elevator and take some gas for my trucks and cabs（直接搭电梯到我公寓上来拿卡车和出租车的汽油）”，而不是要求说，“Please come to my flat by lift and take some petrol for my lorries and taxis（请直接搭电梯到我公寓上来拿卡车和出租车
26、的汽油）”，你就可以轻易地辨认出他的美国人身份，而后者却暗示着那是一位英国人。基本技能竞技场完成句子1.Theres _（没有这种事）as magic.2. _（没有这个人）in this class.3.They asked_（那么多的问题）that they confused me.4.I have _（这么多的工作）to do that I cant go out with you5.There is _（这么少的时间）that we cant finish the work on time.6.We havent met for 20 years, but we _（认识） each
27、other at first sight.7.I have _ (认识) this tailor for 30 years.8.The UN_（扮演着重要的角色）in international relations. 9.The part that teachers _（扮演的）the society is great.10.Id like to _（参与）in their discussion.11.He _（担任角色）of Hamlet in the play last week.句子翻译1现在, 每年有超过100万的旅客来广州观光旅游。_ _ , _ _ one million visi
28、tors travel to Guangzhou every year.2. 他们的友谊是建立在多年相互开放沟通的基础上的。 Their relationship was _ _ years of open _ _ each other.3. 世界淡水资源十分有限，因此我们必须充分利用。 The worlds fresh water resources are very limited so we must _ _.4. 不管你相不相信, 我们已经逐渐地可以用英语流利地表达了。_ _, we have _ _ .5. 实际上学好英语有很多简单的方法, 例如看英文电视或和外国朋友在线聊天。_,
29、there are _ _, such as watching English TV shows and_ _.6. 政府应该尽快想出更好的办法来解决高油价所带来的问题。The government should _ _a better solution to the problems_ _. 7. 你应该好好利用机会练习英语。(make use of ) You ought to _ _.8. Rose 看起来比以前漂亮多了。（than ever before） 9. 即使我得一路走着去， 我也要到那儿，（even if, all the way）10. 我喜欢老师上课的方式。（the wa
30、y）单句改错1In the end of this term, the school will organize a summer camp.2. The highway was closed because the heavy snow that had never been seen for fifty years.3. The large number of people in China are learning English now.4. The result based on a lot of experiments.5. Mary and Bob can understand
31、each other since they dont speak the same kind of English.6. In different part of the world, people have their own ways to celebrate the New Year.7. My mother told me not play computer games on weekdays.8. My little sister asked me leave her alone at home.9. He is no such a fool as he looks.单项选择1. T
32、he engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, _ they have the interest. A. wherever B. whenever C. even if D. as if2. Ill do the washing-up. Jack, would you please do the floors? - _. A. Yes, please B. No, I dont C. Yes, sure D. No, not at all3. The old man asked L
33、ucy to move to another chair _ he wanted to sit next to his wife. A. although B. unless C. because D. if4. We should consider the students request _ the school library provide more books on popular science. A. that B. when C. which D. where5. In the good care of the nurses, the boy is _ recovering f
34、rom his heart operation. A. quietly B. actually C. practically D. gradually6. Lucy said, “I went to China in 2008.” Lucy said she _to China in 2008. A. had gone B. went C. have gone D. go7. What a wonder! Theyve finished _ half of project in such a short time. A. no more than B. no less than C. not
35、more than D. much less than 8. The manager of the company told us that very little _ was made of the waste material in the past. A. cost B. value C. use D. matter 9.-I dont think Ill be able to go mountain-climbing tomorrow. -_? A. And how B. How come C. Hows it going D. How about it10. Its no use _
36、 without taking any action. A. complain B. complaining C. being complained D. to be complained11. -The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting. -Why? Its _ than the films I have ever seen. A. far more interesting B. much less interesting C. no more interesting D. any less interesting12. -Did y
37、our sister pass the exam? -She failed and is in low spirits.-Im sorry for her.-_.A. Thank you B. Youre welcome C. I would think so D. Never mind 教材大观 同文异赏 （牛津 必3 U2） English and its historyAll around history, people from many different countries and cultures lived together in Britain. The English la
38、nguage is made up of the grammar and vocabulary these people brought to Britain. That is why English has so many different rules that confuse people. Old EnglishOld English is very different from the English we speak nowadays. In fact, we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today. Befo
39、re the middle of the 5th century, people in Britain all spoke a language called Celtic. Then two Germanic groups from the European mainland-the Angles and the Saxons-occupied Britain. Old English consisted of a mixture of their language. (Both the English language and the English people are named af
40、ter the Angles; the word Angle was spelt Engle in Old English.) Aside from place names such as London, very few Celtic words became part of Old English. At the end of the 9th century, the Vikings, people from Northern European countries such as Denmark and Norway, began to move to Britain. They brou
41、ght with them their languages, which also mixed with Old English. By the 10th century, Old English had become the official language of England.When we speak English today, we sometimes feel puzzled about which words or phrases to use. This is because English has many words and phrases from different
42、 languages, but with similar meanings. For example, the word sick came from a word once used by the Angles and the Saxons, while ill came from a word once used by the Norwegians. Middle EnglishMiddle English is the name given to the English used from around the 12th to the 15th centuries. Many thing
43、s played a part in the development of this new type of English. The most important contribution was from the Normans, a French-speaking people who defeated England and took control of the country in1066. However, the Norman Conquest did not affect English as much as the Angles and the Saxons victory about 6000years either, which led to Old English replacing Celtic. Even though the Normans spoke French for the entire 250 years they ruled England, French did not replace English as
