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1、The Problems and Strategies in English Teaching in the Middle School初中英语教学的弊端及对策AbstractThe topic aims to reveal the problems in the present foreign language teaching in the junior middle school, and find the methods to settle them. The potential problems in the present foreign language teaching are
2、 in many facets, such as teacher-centered, teaching methods and learner autonomy. With the development of the society, these problems will hinder the development of English teaching and learning. So in order to adapt to the social development, its necessary to adjust and improve the classroom method
3、. According to the present problems, the author posts forward six methods to improve the teaching and learning: continuing to intensify the teaching of basic knowledge; changing the traditional teacher-centered and test-oriented pattern; training and keeping students interest; training students lear
4、ning strategies in their studies; making use of the Information Technology to organize the contextual teaching; evaluating the students correctly.Key Words English teaching; problems; strategies摘要本文意在揭示目前外语教学中存在的问题，并找到改进的方法。外语课堂教学存在的问题是多方面的，如教师中心问题，教学方法问题，学习者自主性问题。随着社会的进步，这些问题将阻碍英语教与学的发展。为了适应社会的进步，对
5、教学方法改进与提高是势在必行的。作者就目前所存在的一些问题，提出以下六种改进教与学的方法：加强基础教学；改变以教师为中心，应试为导向的教学模式；培养和保持学生兴趣；培养学生学习中的策略；利用IT技术，创设情境教学；正确的评价学生。关键词英语教学；问题；对策IntroductionEducation, as the basic culture transmitted way, has a stable role in every countrys development. Education plays an incomparable role in China which holds five
6、 thousand years history and culture. With the fast development of the society, especially at present, the fast development of the science and technology and the high requirement of talent try out our educations essence. Since the reform and opening to the outside world, due to introducing the foreig
7、n investment and taking in different culture, the Chinese economical status in the world increases gradually, and the peoples knowledge is also improved. However, its not enough to know only our own cultures and keep the traditional customs under the globalization trend. As a matter of fact, we are
8、eager to know the world. To keep pace with the world development, China makes great changes in education. The most important is to emphasize the English course in the junior middle school, which aims to bring up more excellent English talents and accelerate the Chinese development. However, with the
9、 social development, the aim of English teaching has a dramatic change. To popularize the English is to bring up more English talents. But, due to the great changes and development, it foments the utilitarianism of the schools. Especially in recent ten years, the aim has been only caring about the s
10、cores. Its worth while to think over this result. General speaking, the teaching condition is improved; the result should be more effective. But the fact is just reverse. The teaching effect becomes worse. The reasons are in many aspects. The main reasons exist in our educational system and the teac
11、hers themselves, but the students also should take on some responsibilities. The Problems in the Present English TeachingThe Chinese traditional teaching pattern is the cramming method, which pays no attention to students creation. The students just learn the language mechanically. They only remembe
12、r the key points of language and cannot use them flexibly in the actual situation. However, English is a kind of language. The aim to learn English is not only to remember its grammar, but to use English as a tool to communicate with others. But, most of the Chinese English teachers still adopt the
13、traditional teaching pattern to teach English. This is unscientific and strongly affects the training of talents.A The Problems Related to the Educational SystemThe basic pattern of traditional English teaching is so-called PPP patterns (Wang Qiang, 2006), that is, presentation, practice and product
14、ion. The character of this pattern is succinctness and easy for operation. To be sure, the traditional teaching pattern is not all defective and still has its own advantage. The PPP patterns pay attention to imparting the basic knowledge, especially grasping the basic knowledge, so the students stil
15、l reserve certain knowledge. It just doesnt display correctly and effectively. The examination also has its advantage as the way to check the students knowledge. By exams, the teachers can know the present ability of the students and then adjust their teaching method. But, this pattern has fatal wea
16、kness in a languages learning. 1. The Teacher-Centered Teaching Mode In the traditional English classroom, the teachers have the absolute authority. The teachers are the organizer and main operator in the teaching process. The teachers decide what contents and how much they teach, and how to teach.
17、The students can hardly have a hand in these processes. In the classroom, they just can hear the teachers voice. The students just are passive listeners and follow the teachers instruction to study step by step. (Yang SiGeng, 2003) This teaching pattern leads to the reverse of the subject and object
18、. If the teachers talk too much and have a fast speed in their classroom, the chance they can give the students to grasp the knowledge and use it in actual situation is fewer. The students have no time to think and absorb the knowledge that has been imparted in time. Thus, the knowledge that the stu
19、dents cannot understand accumulates gradually and affects the future learning. Besides, in the class, most of the teachers are busy with talking and the students are also engaged in remembering the key points. There are no communications between them, so the classroom is very depressing. In this atm
20、osphere, the students have no interest in learning. Its natural that the students cannot master knowledge.2. The Test-Oriented Education A popular pet phrase that the students often talk is “the examination is the teachers talisman, but the score is the students lifeblood.” To most people, they have
21、 the deep experience for this. To meet the entrance exams, most schools hold the model test every month. At the beginning, the students prepare for the test carefully. With time going on, the students are insensible for the test. Maybe every student has the experience for this test mode. We observe
22、that the students proficiency in English is decided upon their scores in exams, but not on their use of the language in actual situation. Thus, the classroom teaching is that the teachers talk about some related key points about language structure and the students are just asked to practice these la
23、nguage rules for rote learning. On the other hand, many middle schools give the teachers too much pressure to raise the schools proportion of students entrance to the senior high school. Under this pressure, the knowledge that the teachers give the students has no applicability. Its just for the ent
24、rance exam. At the same time, the teachers neglect the practicable skills, such as listening, speaking, reading and writing. B The Problems Related to the Teacher We know the teacher is the leader in the classroom teaching. One satisfactory teacher must own enough knowledge of his specialty and have
25、 good abilities in teaching, and also need good psychological characters. But, most teachers have many defects. 1. The Problem Existing in the Teaching Method and Process Many teachers still use Chinese in English classes. As a result, they change the English class into Chinese class. Its an effecti
26、ve teaching way to use Chinese appropriately for subsidiary teaching in the junior high school. Using Chinese to teach all the time not only affects the students improvement of listening but also form the fixed thinking mode easily. When the students read the texts or sentences, their first response
27、s are to translate it into Chinese. This is a wrong way to study and bad for the students learning. And another poor result is that the students are lack of the chances to communicate in English. If the teachers use English for teaching in their class, the students will take to a custom to answer qu
28、estions in English, and will improve their oral English and listening imperceptibly. 2. The Unfair Attitude of the Teacher Different students have different personalities, so in one class, the students abilities are different. Some students may have a higher competence, but the others may have a low
29、er ability. Many teachers have prejudice in favor of the good students and against poor students. They love good students and coach them even after class; but they ignore the poor students. The teachers with this attitude cannot teach student very well. This crimination leads to the bad influence am
30、ong the bad students. In the class, the poor students also affect the other students learning and make the teachers teaching not get to expectant result. (Grant, L., 1985)C The Problems Related to the StudentsThe students growth has many features, such as order、gradualness、imbalance and difference(F
31、u DaoChun, 1999) in person. Due to the students lack of social experience and great change of society, they have many troubles and conflicts in their mentality. For example, the conflict is between independence and dependence; the bewilderment in search of knowledge. These problems can affect the st
32、udents learning and development. Teachers must take proper method to teach students, and help them come out of these troubles.The Methods to Improve the English TeachingThe 21st century is a time that is full of knowledge. This knowledge not only refers to the single knowledge but also hold the comp
33、rehensive skills and ability. In English, it refers to holding all the four skills, which is listening, speaking, writing and reading. This request is coincident with the original aim opening the English course in our country. The aim of English teaching in middle school not only make the students g
34、rasp the language itself, but also train students ability of observation、thinking、communication and cooperation and develop the students ability to express their feeling and know the society by learning language. If the teaching just focuses on the words and sentences, the students cannot improve th
35、e ability of using language. The English in middle school should lay stress on the students ability to learn by themselves. This is advantageous for improving the comprehensive competence in the future. The English teaching in the junior middle school needs to be improved in many facets.A Intensifyi
36、ng Basic Knowledge Learning and Developing Abilities In the past, the teachers ignored the development of comprehensive ability. But, at present, some teachers go to the other extreme, that is, they neglect the basic knowledge ; including the new words、expressions、phrases、key points and basic senten
37、ce structures. They overemphasize ability training and neglect the instruction of the elementary knowledge; it causes their teaching to separate from the students objective English learning. Its result is wasting efforts, flashy but lacking substance. (Davies, Paul& Pearse, Eric, 2002) As we know, i
38、f we want to learn English well, the learning of new words is very important. Supposing we cannot read, write or use the new words, its impossible for us to learn the text or dialogue, much less the reading and comprehensive ability. Gradually, English words will become the obstacle for the students
39、 English learning. We advocate developing students ability to use language in actual situation, but the formation of the ability is based on enough knowledge. Without a lot of knowledge, it is theoretic to improve the ability. It is the same as building a mansion. It cannot be built without firm fou
40、ndation. According to the English professor Mr. Zhang Daozhens assessment, if people want to understand the articles, novels, ordinary periodicals or magazines (non-special) in English, they must master at least 5000 to 6000 words in common use. But, according to the new criterion of the junior midd
41、le school course, the students must master about 3300 words during their junior and senior high schools. This states that the English learning in the junior and senior high schools is the most basic and important. So, its important to continue to strengthen the basic knowledge teaching, especially t
42、he teaching of new words, phrases and sentence structures.But, excessively paying attention to the knowledge training or to the ability training has the certain one-sidedness. The former misunderstands grasping basic knowledge also means developing the ability; the latter has not been able to see th
43、at the ability development depends on knowledges acquisition. They have never realized that the basic knowledge teaching and ability rising are the dialectical unified. The teachers explain the essential language rule for the students can help the students to display the logical thinking abilities a
44、nd prevent the blindness in utilization. Furthermore, the proficient utilization of language forms under the theory knowledges instruction to strengthen unceasingly. According to psychological views, skills are actual drills which practice and consolidate in actual utilization.Therefore, its insuffi
45、cient only to obtain the basic knowledge or have the skilled utilization of knowledge, the training of the basic knowledge serves for coping with the actual problems. The person who has the skill of the knowledge utilization is not equal to having the ability to use the knowledge to communicate. The
46、refore, the aim of English teaching is to expand the students knowledge and develop their utilization abilities through the basic knowledges learning.B Changing the Unscientific Teaching Pattern If teachers want to give students “the stage”, the first step the teachers should do is to change the rol
47、es of the teacher and student. The development of the theory of modern foreign language teaching make the people have new realization about the language learning and teaching. The theory proves that the teacher should have six main roles in their teaching, which are organizer, controller, assessor,
48、prompter, participant and source of information (Wang Qiang, 2006). Therefore, the teachers in their teaching play multiply roles. They are the organizer, at the same time; they also control and urge the students learning. So, the teachers major duty in classroom teaching is to create the condition
49、in which learning can take place. The long time education for the exam makes the students depend on the teachers and books excessively and confine the students development. Thus, the students lose the chances to learn English actively. So, the teachers should make the students know the aim to learn English is to communicate and tell them they must learn all kinds of knowledge for the needing of language use. On the other hand, t
